Abstract:
:The past decade has seen advances in the management of patients with epilepsy. The development of practical long-term electroencephalographic techniques, with or without simultaneous video recording, has increased the accuracy of diagnosis of seizure types. The technique also provides clinicians and investigators with a method for establishing the clinical efficacy of antiepileptic drugs and determining their therapeutic serum concentrations. Computerized tomography has enhanced the identification of structural brain lesions. Most of the reported CT abnormalities consist of diffuse and focal atrophies, mild ventricular dilatations, and porencephalies. CT has detected tumors in 8 to 10% of the patients regardless of age or type of seizure involved. New concepts of antiepileptic drug therapy have developed from the recognition of pharmacological properties peculiar to each agent. Determination of serum antiepileptic drug levels has to be utilized to reduce the problem of pharmacokinetic variability from one patient to another and in the same patient at different times, so that dosage can be individualized to achieve maximum therapeutic effects with least toxicity. Review of the literature on pregnancy in epileptic women shows that a third to half experienced more seizures during gestation. Reduced serum levels of most antiepileptic drugs have recently been observed during gestation. Infants of epileptic women taking antiepileptic drugs have a two to three times greater risk for congenital anomalies than infants of nonepileptic women. However, with the exception of oxazolidinediones, evidence to date has not proved the teratogenicity of antiepileptic drugs. The role of genetic factors and the effect of seizures during pregnancy have not been determined. Modest progress has been made in epilepsy rehabilitation, but serious problems still remain. The unemployment rate of persons with epilepsy is twice the national average. Half of those who are successfully employed did not disclose their disorder at the time of employment. Several prognostic indicators have been reported, but the validity of many of these indicators is questionable. For example, does shorter life expectancy apply to all subgroups, or does it vary according to seizure type and cause? The life expectancy, treatment response, and probability of remission in epileptic persons must be reevaluated after consistent applications of current methods of epilepsy management.
journal_name
Ann Neuroljournal_title
Annals of neurologyauthors
So EL,Penry JKdoi
10.1002/ana.410090103subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1981-01-01 00:00:00pages
3-16issue
1eissn
0364-5134issn
1531-8249journal_volume
9pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Measurement of conduction velocity along the H reflex arc was used to study sensorimotor peripheral nerve function in diabetic patients during short- and long-term improvement of hyperglycemia. In ten type I diabetics a slight (p less than 0.05) conduction increase occurred after 6 hours of normal glycemia induced by ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410160204
更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dinucleotide repeat polymorphism in a tau intron was identified and used in a case-control study to analyze the genetic association of tau with several neurodegenerative diseases with tau pathology. Subjects with the homozygous tau AO alleles were excessively represented in the progressive supranuclear palsy (PSP) g...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410410222
更新日期:1997-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The subtype IV of Machado-Joseph disease (MJD), characterized by parkinsonism variably combined with ataxia, distal atrophy, and sensory loss, has been all but ignored in recent reports of MJD, including those describing the molecular biologic substrate of the disease. We have demonstrated expansion of the CAG trinucl...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410380422
更新日期:1995-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Molecular genetics has had a powerful impact on clinical neurology. Definitions of disease are changing from clinical criteria to DNA analysis, resolving questions about the nature of clinically similar but not identical diseases. Genetic counseling is more reliable. Concepts of mendelian inheritance are being tested ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/ana.410320213
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::During passive extension of the elbow, the triceps muscle normally shows a burst of electromyographic activity. This shortening reaction (SR) is known to be exaggerated in extrapyramidal disease states, but the effects of cerebellar disease are unknown. The SR was measured in both arms of a patient with hemiataxia, th...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410110307
更新日期:1982-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Free and bound levels of anti-myelin basic protein (anti-MBP) antibodies were measured by radioimmunoassay in the cerebrospinal fluid of 20 patients with acute idiopathic optic neuritis, 133 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) divided into three clinical subgroups, and 76 normal control subjects. Patients with idiop...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410230314
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria are cellular organelles crucial for energy supply and calcium homeostasis in neuronal cells, and their dysfunction causes seizure activity in some rare human epilepsies. To directly test whether mitochondrial respiratory chain enzymes are abnormal in the most common form of chronic epilepsy, temporal lobe...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the associations of blood biomarkers of carbohydrate, lipid, and apolipoprotein metabolisms with the future risk of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). METHODS:In the Apolipoprotein-related MOrtality RISk study, we enrolled 636,132 men and women during 1985-1996 in Stockholm, Sweden, with measurem...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.24936
更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The full anticonvulsant effect of the ketogenic diet (KD) can require weeks to develop in rats, suggesting that altered gene expression is involved. The KD typically is used in pediatric epilepsies, but is effective also in adolescents and adults. Our goal was to use microarray and complementary technologies ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.20899
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) are important for the treatment of epilepsy, psychiatric diseases, and pain syndromes. Small studies have suggested that AED treatment reduces serum levels of folate and vitamin B12. METHODS:This prospective monocenter study aimed at testing the hypothesis that AED treatment is ass...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.22229
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::MK-801 and ketamine are noncompetitive N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA) receptor blockers that decrease brain injury in animal models of focal and global ischemia. Recent reports, however, suggested that MK-801 itself can damage neurons. Here we show that MK-801 (0.1 to 5.0 mg/kg) and ketamine (40 to 100 mg/kg) typically i...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410300609
更新日期:1991-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The tyrosine kinase receptor RON and its ligand, macrophage stimulating protein (MSP), exert inhibitory effects on systemic innate immunity, but their CNS expression and impact on human neuroinflammatory diseases are unknown were RON and MSP present in human brain perivascular macrophages and microglia, but RON mRNA a...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.20502
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::A prospective study was made of changes in the electroencephalogram after the use of metrizamide for myelography and posterior fossa cisternography in 61 patients (62 studies). The EEG changed in 21 patients (34%); 3 of these had had previously abnormal records, and the abnormalities were accentuated on the second rec...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410060308
更新日期:1979-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The pharmacokinetics of levodopa (L-dopa) in plasma and in cisternal and lumbar cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) were studied in Rhesus monkeys that were given 2- to 3-hour intravenous infusions of L-dopa. Steady-state L-dopa concentrations in cisternal CSF correlated well with plasma levels, and yielded a CSF:plasma ratio o...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410270507
更新日期:1990-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::We examined the phenotypic variation and clinical genetics in nine families with generalized epilepsy with febrile seizures plus (GEFS+). This genetic epilepsy syndrome with heterogeneous phenotypes was hitherto described in only one family. We obtained genealogical information on 799 individuals and conducted detaile...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/1531-8249(199901)45:1<75::aid-art13>3.0.co
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to determine the role of high-resolution T2-weighted fast multiplanar inversion-recovery (FMPIR) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging in detecting and delineating microscopic focal cortical dysplasia (FCD). We performed MR scans with FMPIR on 42 patients with suspected neocortical epilepsy. Te...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410440508
更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The risk for symptomatic intracerebral hemorrhage (sICH) associated with thrombolytic treatment has not been evaluated in large studies using diffusion-weighted imaging (DWI). Here, we investigated the relation between pretreatment DWI lesion size and the risk for sICH after thrombolysis. METHODS:In this ret...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1002/ana.21222
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We describe the first non-Ashkenazi patient with adult polyglucosan body disease and decreased glycogen-branching enzyme (GBE) activity in leukocytes. Gene analysis revealed compound heterozygosity for two novel missense mutations Arg515His and Arg524Gln in the GBE gene. Both missense mutations are predicted to impair...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Transient high-frequency oscillations (HFOs; 150-600Hz) in local field potentials generated by human hippocampal and parahippocampal areas have been related to both physiological and pathological processes. The cellular basis and effects of normal and abnormal forms of HFOs have been controversial. This lack ...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.24324
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We assessed nigrostriatal dopaminergic function in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients undergoing a double-blind, placebo-controlled surgical trial of embryonic dopamine cell implantation. Forty PD patients underwent positron emission tomography (PET) imaging with [18F]fluorodopa (FDOPA) prior to randomization to transp...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1002/ana.1075
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Apolipoprotein E has been implicated in modifying neurological outcome after traumatic brain injury, although the mechanisms by which this occurs remain poorly defined. To investigate the role of endogenous apolipoprotein E following acute brain injury, noninvasive magnetic resonance imaging was performed on anestheti...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.10098
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Patterns of brain dysgenesis that resemble those in the Zellweger syndrome were demonstrated in a boy with an isolated defect of the peroxisomal bifunctional enzyme. There was bilateral centrosylvian pachygyria and polymicrogyria, diffuse hemispheric hypomyelination with heterotopic neurons, Purkinje cell heterotopias...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410390218
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Nemaline myopathy (NM) is one of the most common congenital nondystrophic myopathies and is characterized by muscle weakness, often from birth. Mutations in ACTA1 are a frequent cause of NM (ie, NEM3). ACTA1 encodes alpha-actin 1, the main constituent of the sarcomeric thin filament. The mechanisms by which m...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.25144
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Deletions of CACNA1A, encoding the α1 subunit of CaV 2.1 channels, cause epilepsy with ataxia in humans. Whereas the deletion of Cacna1a in γ-aminobutyric acidergic (GABAergic) interneurons (INs) derived from the medial ganglionic eminence (MGE) impairs cortical inhibition and causes generalized seizures in N...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.25301
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although the basal ganglia have been implicated in the development of movement disorders since the 1940s, the exact role played by these structures has remained elusive. The development of the 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine-monkey model of parkinsonism, and the recent resurgence of surgical therapy for t...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::To elucidate immunopathogenetic roles of aquaporin-4 antibodies in the cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) of neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders (NMOSD), we analyzed aquaporin-4 antibody titers, cellular and inflammatory markers in the CSF collected from 11 aquaporin-4 antibody seropositive patients. The CSF aquaporin-4 an...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.24208
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Angelman syndrome (AS) results from lack of genetic contribution from maternal chromosome 15q11-13. This region encompasses three GABAA receptor subunit genes (beta3, alpha5, and gamma3). The characteristic phenotype of AS is severe mental retardation, ataxic gait, tremulousness, and jerky movements. We studied the mo...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.410400109
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Chronic seizures in women can have adverse effects on reproductive function, such as polycystic ovarian syndrome, but it has been difficult to dissociate the effects of epilepsy from the role of antiepileptic drugs. To distinguish the effects of chronic seizures from medication, we used the laboratory rat, be...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.21518
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term Charcot-Wilbrand syndrome (CWS) denotes dream loss following focal brain damage. We report the first case of CWS, in whom neuropsychological functions, extension of the underlying lesion, and sleep architecture changes were assessed. A 73-year-old woman reported a total dream loss after acute, bilateral occip...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.20246
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:Determine the probability of attaining complete remission in children with nonsyndromic epilepsy (NSE) over the course of ≥10 years from initial diagnosis; identify early predictors of complete remission; and assess the risk of relapse after achieving complete remission. METHODS:In a prospective community-ba...
journal_title:Annals of neurology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/ana.22461
更新日期:2011-10-01 00:00:00