Abstract:
:Seroconversion to hepatitis A virus was studied in a sub sample of 802 Israeli military recruits (611 men and 191 women) who were taking part in a randomised controlled trial of pre-exposure immune serum globulin (ISG) for the prevention of viral hepatitis. On intake into the service 35% of the men and 47% of the women were negative to hepatitis. A virus antibody (anti-HAV). After three years 7 of 71 men (9.9%) who had not received pre-exposure ISG had become positive to anti-HAV compared to 2 of 83 (2.4%) who had received it; the statistical significance of this difference was p = 0.052. At two years 2 of 30 women (6.7%) who had not received ISG had converted compared to 1 of 43 (2.3%) who had received ISG (p = 0.37). Pooling the sexes gave conversion rates of 8.9% in those not immunised and 2.4% in those immunised (p = 0.029). The sex adjusted odds ratio was 4.0 (95% confidence limits 1.3-19.0). The morbidity rates for clinical non B hepatitis over the three year period among 12 835 men were 7.2 per 1000 in those not immunised and 3.6 per 1000 in those immunised (p = 0.004). Point estimates of the ratio of clinical hepatitis to seroconversion in men ranged from 0.25 to 0.30. It is concluded that pre-exposure administration of ISG effectively prevented clinical expression of viral hepatitis, apparently reduced seroconversion, and did not induce passive-active immunisation.
journal_name
J Epidemiol Community Healthjournal_title
Journal of epidemiology and community healthauthors
Kark JD,Bar-Shany S,Shor S,Merlinski L,Nili Edoi
10.1136/jech.39.2.117subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1985-06-01 00:00:00pages
117-22issue
2eissn
0143-005Xissn
1470-2738journal_volume
39pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract:BACKGROUND:The aims of this study are to generalise the concept of gap length between partners and to estimate the duration of four types of measures for heterosexual partnerships, called status lengths: (1) time spent as single before becoming monogamous (S-M, positive gap), (2) duration of concurrency before monogamy...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.085936
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To assess the representativeness of survey participants by systematically comparing volunteers in a national health and sexuality survey with the Australian population in terms of self reported health status (including the SF-36) and a wide range of demographic characteristics. DESIGN:A cross sectional...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.56.10.748
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Limited research has shown a possible association between exposure to physical or sexual abuse prior to age 18 and the risk of developing hypertension as an adult. The factors mediating this relationship are unknown. METHODS:Questionnaire data from 68 505 female participants in the Nurses' Health Study II w...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.095109
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity implies costs not only for the individual but also for society. The authors explore the opinions of stakeholders on the potential of taxes or subsidies, as measures for tackling obesity in Europe. METHODS:Structured interviews were conducted using Multicriteria Mapping, a computer-based, decision-su...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.079228
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To examine the association between socioeconomic status (SES) and risk of frailty, and to assess whether behavioural and clinical factors (BCF) mediate this association. METHODS:Cohort of 1857 non-institutionalised individuals aged ≥ 60 years recruited in 2008-2010 and followed through 2012. Education, occu...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206406
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dangerous distortion of priorities seems to be currently apparent in the dominant approaches to major public health problems, including cardiovascular disease, diabetes, obesity, cancer and some infectious diseases. Relevant examples suggest an apparently inappropriate tendency to prioritise technocratic, partial so...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2014-203884
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Two competing hypotheses, cumulative advantage/disadvantage and age-as-leveller, have been proposed to explain the contradictory findings on socioeconomic differences in health over the lifespan. To test these hypotheses, this investigation examined the influence of educational attainment and material condit...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-206548
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::In industrialised countries, mortality and morbidity are dominated by age related chronic degenerative diseases. The health and health care needs of future populations will be heavily determined by these conditions of old age. Two opposite scenarios of future morbidity exist: morbidity might decrease ("compress"), bec...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.52.10.619
更新日期:1998-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Financial strain is associated with earlier disability and mortality, but causal links are underexplored, partly because it is unethical to randomise people to financial stress. This study leverages naturally occurring random variation in days since monthly Social Security payment arrival among older adults ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213807
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To examine the difficulties of developing and maintaining outcome evaluation designs in long term, community based health promotion programmes. DESIGN:Semistructured interviews of health promotion managers. SETTING:Wales and two reference health regions in England. PARTICIPANTS:Nine health promotion ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.47.2.127
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Integrating research and action represents a goal and key principles of community-based participatory research (CBPR), but there has been little effort to synthesise the literature to evaluate whether such integration is occurring. OBJECTIVES:(1) To examine the extent to which CBPR integrates action to ef...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.2007.067645
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This study contributes robust evidence on the association between mental health and local crime rates by showing how changing exposure to small area-level crime relates to self-reported and administrative data on mental health. METHODS:The study sample comprised 112 251 adults aged 16-60 years, drawn from t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-213837
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With the exception of key 'proven successes' in global health, the current regime of global health governance can be understood as transnational and national actors pursuing their own interests under a rational actor model of international cooperation, which fails to provide sufficient justification for an o...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2009.101097
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the relative importance of perceived health and health related lifestyle in adolescence in the production of educational differences. DESIGN:A longitudinal study: survey data from 1981 and 1985 linked with Educational Registry data from 1993. SETTING:The whole of Finland. PARTICIPANTS:A represent...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.52.12.794
更新日期:1998-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::England was the first European country to pursue a systematic policy to reduce socio-economic inequalities in health. This paper assesses whether this strategy has worked, and what lessons can be learnt. A review of documents was conducted, as well as an analysis of entry-points chosen, specific policies chosen, imple...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 历史文章,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2010.128280
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A population based programme to educate women in breast self-examination (BSE) was organised as part of the UK Trial of Early Detection of Breast Cancer. Women who responded to an invitation to a meeting were educated in groups and were not routinely screened. Open access clinics offered x ray and clinical examination...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.40.1.67
更新日期:1986-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the relative admission rates of Asian and non-Asian patients to intensive therapy units (ITUs) in Coventry and to explore the implications of these rates for the transplantation of organs to Asian people. DESIGN:Examination of 1991 census data and a retrospective review of ITU admissions books. ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.50.4.447
更新日期:1996-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Previous studies have implicated air pollution in increased mortality and morbidity, especially in the elderly population and children. More recently, associations with mortality in infants and with some reproductive outcomes have also been reported. The aim of this study is to explore the association betwee...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.58.1.11
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVES:To assess the incidence of seroconversion and seroreversion in IgG antibodies to Helicobacter pylori within a 11 year observation period using these events as markers for acquisition and loss of the infection, respectively. DESIGN:Population based prospective cohort study. SETTING:Northern part of Co...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.54.6.444
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cross sectional data from a survey of 2512 men aged 45-49 years were used to examine the confounding effects of heart rate, employment, and ischaemic heart disease (IHD) on the relation between cereal fibre intake and blood pressure. Daily cereal fibre intake (g/day) was associated with systolic pressure (r = -0.053, ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.40.4.330
更新日期:1986-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Road traffic deaths (RTDs) remain the 9th most common cause of mortality in South Korea despite their decreasing trends in high-income countries. In 2010 and 2011, the Korean government deregulated the process for obtaining a driving licence, and there has been significant concern that such deregulation of t...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech-2015-207000
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2020-214401
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:(1) To assess the association between birth weight and coronary heart disease (CHD) risk in a cohort of post-menopausal women, (2) to determine the combined effects of birth weight and adult body mass index on CHD, (3) to assess the role of insulin resistance as a mediating factor in the associations. DESIG...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.58.2.120
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:To examine the effect of deprivation, crowding, maternal smoking, and breast feeding on morbidity from wheeze and diarrhoea in the first six months after birth. DESIGN:A geographically located population survey using maternal responses on self completion questionnaires. SETTING:The three health distri...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.52.7.451
更新日期:1998-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the protective effect of storing firearms locked or unloaded, or both, on the risk of suicide by firearms among people with relatively low intention to die. DESIGN AND SETTING:Cross sectional survey. The 1993 National Mortality Followback Survey of 22 957 deaths in the United States, representing...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.017343
更新日期:2004-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:As the worldwide population has aged, the number of surgical procedures performed on older patients has increased. It is not known whether this increase has been proportional to growth in the elderly population. The aim of this study was to assess the population-adjusted incidence of acute and elective gener...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2019-212283
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To estimate the loss of life expectancy attributable to tobacco taxation (via financial hardship and flow-on health effect) in New Zealand. DESIGN:Data were used on the gradients in life expectancy and smoking by neighbourhood socioeconomic deprivation and survey data on tobacco expenditure. Three estimates ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2003.011528
更新日期:2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:STUDY OBJECTIVE:The aim was to examine disease concurrence, using diabetes mellitus as an ullustrative example. DESIGN:The study involved a general practice morbidity survey, conducted over 12 months in 1981-82. All patients who consulted their general practitioners with a diagnosis of diabetes mellitus (type 1 or typ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.45.1.73
更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:While various measures of common mental disorders (CMD) have been found to be associated with mortality, a comparison of how different measures predict mortality may improve our understanding of the association. This paper compares how the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the 30-item General ...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech-2012-201927
更新日期:2013-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The Home Office has recently published estimates which, for the first time, provide a "robust national estimate" of the number of problematic drug users in England. The 2004/05 and 2005/06 estimates are the highest estimates ever produced for England and coincide with the highest ever government annual expen...
journal_title:Journal of epidemiology and community health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jech.2008.076844
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00