Abstract：
:Chewing rhythms are set by a putative central pattern generator whose output is influenced by sensory feedback. In this study we assessed how an altered feedback imposed by changing the hardness of a gum bolus modifies the timing of chewing, the maximal gape, and the activity in the masseter muscle on the chewing side. Ten adult subjects with no orofacial dysfunction chewed a standard piece of soft or hard gum for at least 3 min in random order. Vertical jaw movements were recorded with a kinesiograph and activity of the masseter muscle was recorded and integrated from surface EMG electrodes. The subjects sat in a dental chair and viewed a video lecture to distract their attention from chewing; they were instructed to chew on the right molars. Cycle-by-cycle analysis showed that 9 of the 10 subjects chewed the hard gum more slowly than the soft with no significant change in gape. The increases in cycle duration were due to changes in the duration of the opening and occlusal phases. The duration of closing was not significantly changed even though the duration and level of masseter activity were both significantly increased. We conclude that gum hardness by altering proprioceptive feedback modifies the output of the masticatory central pattern generator in such a way that the temporal aspects of chewing and the output of the masseteric motor pool are affected.
journal_name
Exp Neuroljournal_title
Experimental neurologyauthors
Plesh O,Bishop B,McCall Wdoi
10.1016/0014-4886(86)90292-xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-06-01 00:00:00pages
502-12issue
3eissn
0014-4886issn
1090-2430journal_volume
92pub_type
临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验abstract：:For the past 15 years, patients with Parkinson's disease have participated in clinical trials evaluating the efficacy of intrastriatal dopamine transplants. Principally, two donor tissues have been employed, the chromaffin cells of the adrenal medulla and fetal ventral mesencephalon. The clinical response following ea...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/exnr.1996.6386
更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Synemin (Syn) is an intermediate filament (IF) protein. To gain insight into a morphogenetic role of Syn, we have studied its expression patterns in the developing human retina and lens and compared it with those of other IF proteins. In addition, we have tested Syn expression in fetuses (23 and 28 weeks) affected by ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0014-4886(03)00240-1
更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Although zinc is essential for the activity of numerous biological systems, and zinc deficiency has been associated with various pathologies, this metal can also exert direct neurotoxic action. In primary cultures of rat cerebellar granule neurons, a brief, 15- to 30-min exposure to zinc (100-500 microM) resulted in c...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1997.6510
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Hemiparkinson-hemiatrophy syndrome (HP-HA) is associated with skeletal hemiatrophy and the later development of parkinsonism. It is generally assumed that this phenotype is due to the combination of dysfunction of the basal ganglia (e.g., substantia nigra compacta and/or other related structures), causing parkinsonism...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.2002.8005
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have used retrograde labeling with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) and a wheat germ agglutinin conjugate of HRP (WGA:HRP) to investigate the projections of the nucleus postglomerulosus (nPg) both in normal goldfish and in animals which had undergone retinal removal. In normal animals, our evidence indicates that nPg p...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90089-1
更新日期：1988-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Prostaglandin and thromboxane levels increase in mammalian brain during seizures, but whether a metabolite of arachidonic acid has a role in induction, or is merely a by-product, of seizures is still not clear. It has been shown that nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs block arachidonic acid metabolism through inhibi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90080-x
更新日期：1987-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of sinusoidal magnetic field stimulation on regeneration of the rat sciatic nerve was studied. Rats were exposed, after crush lesioning of the nerve, between a pair of Helmholtz coils to a 50 Hz magnetic field of 0.2 mT or 0.4 mT, respectively. Regeneration of the sciatic nerve was measured by the "pinch te...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90132-v
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In cats anesthetized with nitrous oxide and halothane, ion-selecting microelectrodes were used to monitor changes in the concentration of potassium [K+]0 and calcium [Ca2+]0 in the extracellular compartment of the cerebral cortex during as long as 4 h of continuous stimulation of the cortical surface. At stimulus char...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(83)90220-0
更新日期：1983-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Globoid cell leukodystrophy (GLD, Krabbe Disease) is a lysosomal storage disease, resulting from the genetic deficiency of galactosylceramidase (GALC). This disease is marked by accumulation of the cytotoxic lipid psychosine (Psy). Psychosine is known to induce oxidative stress in cultured cells, and this stress can b...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2012.07.013
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A neurochemical target at which cannabinoids interact to have global effects on behavior is brain noradrenergic circuitry. Acute and repeated administration of a cannabinoid receptor synthetic agonist is capable of increasing multiple indices of noradrenergic activity. This includes cannabinoid-induced 1) increases in...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.03.010
更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Substantial residual neurological function may persist after spinal cord injury (SCI) with survival of as few as 5-10% of the original number of axons. A detailed understanding of the relationships among the severity of injury, the number and origin of surviving axons at the injury site, and the extent of neurological...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(95)90027-6
更新日期：1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Destruction of the entorhinal cortex (EC) triggers a number of cellular and molecular responses in the denervated hippocampus and dentate gyrus. The signals that trigger these changes are not known but could include physiological events that occur during the production of the injury or during the early postlesion peri...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1996.0082
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diffuse and neuritic plaques are sites of accumulation of beta-amyloid peptides (A beta) in the brains of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients. Although amyloid fibrils are formed from A beta, the contribution of other plaque-associated proteins and peptides to the pathogenesis of AD amyloidosis is unknown. To pursue thi...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1994.1209
更新日期：1994-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Diffuse axonal injury is thought to be the basis of the functional impairments stemming from mild traumatic brain injury. To examine how axons are damaged by traumatic events, such as motor vehicle accidents, falls, sports activities, or explosive blasts, we have taken advantage of the spinal cord with its extensive w...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2015.04.023
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two neutral alpha-glucosidase isoenzymes were isolated from the muscle of Japanese quails with late-onset acid maltase deficiency. One isoenzyme is predominantly expressed in embryonic muscle and the other in adult muscle. The time of switching from one to the other of these two neutral alpha-glucosidases was the same...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(88)90117-3
更新日期：1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We have analyzed a mouse model of Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease 2E (CMT2E) harboring a heterozygous p.Asn98Ser (p.N98S) Nefl mutation, whose human counterpart results in a severe, early-onset neuropathy. Behavioral, electrophysiological, and pathological analyses were done on separate cohorts of NeflN98S/+ mutant mice a...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.06.010
更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitotoxic mechanisms may play a critical role in the pathophysiology of several neurological and psychiatric diseases. Excitatory amino acid receptor antagonists are therefore of great therapeutic interest, but untoward side effects often prevent their clinical use. Targeting the glycine coagonist site of the (NMDA)...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1999.7284
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Because vitamin D hormone deficiency (VDHdef) can worsen severity and outcome for ischemic stroke, we examined the role of VDH in maintaining blood-brain-barrier (BBB integrity) in a rat model of stroke. In most types of stroke, the BBB is markedly compromised, potentially leading to a cascade of injury processes and ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2018.11.005
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The subchronic 1-methyl-4-phenyl-1,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridin (MPTP) paradigm is one of the most widely used in vivo models of Parkinson's disease (PD). However, particularly in the mouse model it has remained difficult to reliably detect behavioural correlates for PD. In the present study we apply a novel murine motor t...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.01.030
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuregulins have been shown to play an important role in the development of the central nervous system, but their function in adult tissues is still unclear. We investigated the expression of the neuregulin receptors erbB3 and erbB4 in the adult rat brain by in situ hybridization histochemistry. Areas with considerabl...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/exnr.1999.7163
更新日期：1999-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dopaminergic (DAergic) hypofunction in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) has been implicated in the negative and cognitive symptoms of schizophrenia and is regulated by serotonergic (5-HTergic) neurons in the dorsal raphe nucleus (DRN). The lateral habenula (LHb) is a key element in controlling DRN 5-HT neurons. We ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2019.05.005
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Human recombinant activated factor-VII (rFVIIa) has been used successfully in the treatment of spontaneous intracerebral hemorrhage. In addition, there is increasing interest in its use to treat uncontrolled bleeding of other origins, including trauma. The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety and potential eff...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2007.12.019
更新日期：2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fetal spinal cord from embryonic day 14 (E14/FSC) has been used for numerous transplantation studies of injured spinal cord. E14/FSC consists primarily of neuronal (NRP)- and glial (GRP)-restricted precursors. Therefore, we reasoned that comparing the fate of E14/FSC with defined populations of lineage-restricted prec...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2005.02.020
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Green tea polyphenol is known to act as a buffer, reducing biological responses to oxidative stress. Several effects of polyphenol have been reported, such as protection of tissue from ischemia, antineoplasmic and anti-inflammatory effects, and suppression of arteriosclerosis. In this study, we investigated whether pe...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/S0014-4886(03)00344-3
更新日期：2003-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An in vivo assay was developed for long-term analyses of Schwann cells at the single cell level. Schwann cells were isolated from sciatic nerves and labeled with the fluorescent gold label Fluoro-Gold. Cells were then transplanted into severed sciatic nerves of young adult rats. Gold-labeled Schwann cells, identified ...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90092-q
更新日期：1991-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We assessed whether the protective action of progesterone on traumatic brain injury (TBI) could be influenced by the consumption of omega-3 fatty acids during early life. Pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats were fed on omega-3 adequate or deficient diet from 3rd day of pregnancy and their female offspring were kept on the sa...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.12.004
更新日期：2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effects of sex differences and hormonal factors on the locomotor alterations following intrastriatal injections of quinolinic acid (QA) and the ability of fetal striatal transplants to reverse those effects were examined. Male, female, or ovariectomized female rats received bilateral injections of 150 nmol QA or v...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(91)90105-l
更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The role of 5-HT2 and opioid receptors in pudendal inhibition of bladder activity induced by intravesical infusion of saline or 0.25% acetic acid (AA) was investigated in anesthetized cats using methysergide (a 5-HT2 receptor antagonist) and naloxone (an opioid receptor antagonist). AA irritated the bladder and signif...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2013.05.006
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The dendritic organization of the phrenic nucleus as a whole was studied after injections of the B-subunit of cholera toxin conjugated to horseradish peroxidase were made into the diaphragm of adult rats. Transverse, sagittal, and horizontal sections through the phrenic nucleus (C3-C5) were incubated according to a mo...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0014-4886(87)90224-x
更新日期：1987-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Peripheral inflammation induces sensitization of nociceptive spinal cord neurons. Both spinal tumor necrosis factor (TNF) and neuronal membrane insertion of Ca2+ permeable AMPA receptor (AMPAr) contribute to spinal sensitization and resultant pain behavior, molecular mechanisms connecting these two events have not bee...
journal_title：Experimental neurology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.expneurol.2017.04.004
更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00
