For calculating osmolality, the simplest formula is the best.

abstract：:Small group learning may be defined as a group of learners demonstrating three common characteristics; active participation, a specific task and reflection. This article provides an overview of small group learning and teaching, describes the characteristics of this form of small group work, benefits, problems, potent...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Jones RW

更新日期：2007-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Industrial Revolution saw the creation of many new jobs, but probably none more curious than that of zookeeper. The London Zoological Gardens, established for members in 1828, was opened to the general public in 1847. In 1852 the "Head Keeper in the Serpent Room", Edward Horatio Girling, spent a night farewelling ...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Ball C

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The role of disseminated intravascular coagulation (DIC) has not been extensively studied in patients with sepsis. A prospective study was performed in a single university hospital. The incidences of DIC at day 1 (<24 hours post-sepsis diagnosis) and day 3 (48 to 72 hours) were investigated among patients with sepsis....

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Park JY,Park S,Park SY,Sim YS,Kim JH,Hwang YI,Jang SH,Jung KS

更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Trained anaesthetic assistants are considered essential for the safe conduct of anaesthesia. Data from 5837 AIMS (Anaesthetic Incident Monitoring Study) reports were evaluated for issues concerning anaesthetic assistants in the generation and resolution of anaesthetic incidents. "Inadequate assistance" as a contributi...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Kluger MT,Bukofzer M,Bullock M

更新日期：1999-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The air-Q Intubating Laryngeal Airway (ILA) is a newly introduced extraglottic airway device. In this pilot study, we evaluated its use as a routine airway device during positive pressure ventilation. Ease of endotracheal intubation through the device was also assessed. Fifty-nine ASA I and II patients undergoing elec...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Bakker EJ,Valkenburg M,Galvin EM

更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The use of summary answers to a question as an aid to introducing and guiding a tutorial is described using as an example a question about the physiological changes associated with pyrexia. It illustrates a method that involves all the students and develops a logical comprehensive answer that can also be helpful to st...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Brown TC

更新日期：1976-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Retro-orbital tumour was the cause of headache and neuropathic facial pain in a 31-year-old pregnant woman. The diagnosis had been overlooked as a result of a long history of migraine. There was exacerbation of the pain throughout the pregnancy, particularly in the third trimester. Pharmacological agents commonly used...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Roberts LJ,Goucke CR

更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Methaemoglobinaemia is an uncommon problem which can significantly impact on oxygen carriage and may necessitate intensive care management. The occurrence of symptomatic methaemoglobinaemia over a three-month period in four patients with haematological malignancies on dapsone for Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia prophy...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Subramaniam A,Corallo C,Nagappan R

更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Transthoracic echocardiography is often used to screen patients prior to non-cardiac surgery to detect conditions associated with perioperative haemodynamic compromise and to stratify risk. However, anaesthetists' use of echocardiography is quite variable. A consortium led by the American College of Cardiology Foundat...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Faris JG,Hartley K,Fuller CM,Langston RB,Royse CF,Veltman MG

更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hypertension after cardiac surgery is common and requires accurate control by carefully regulated infusions of drugs such as sodium nitroprusside. A microprocessor-based controller has been designed to close the loop between the blood pressure response and the infusion rate of a hypotensive drug. This system has been ...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Rosenfeldt FL,Chang V,Grigg M,Parker S,Cearns R,Rabinov M,Xu WG

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Acute lung injury/acute respiratory distress syndrome (ALI / ARDS) is the most serious pulmonary complication after lung resection. This study investigated the incidence and outcome of patients with ALI / ARDS who required mechanical ventilation within one week of undergoing pneumonectomy for primary lung cancer and a...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Jeon K,Yoon JW,Suh GY,Kim J,Kim K,Yang M,Kim H,Kwon OJ,Shim YM

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To assess the efficacy and safety of ultra rapid (15 minute) infusion of iron polymaltose to iron deficient patients during general anaesthesia, we performed a prospective, interventional non-randomised study on 99 adult patients with iron deficiency with or without anaemia presenting for surgery under general anaesth...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Browning RM,Alakeson N,O'Loughlin EJ

更新日期：2017-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The theoretical performance of the Hudson Multivent mask is considered. A method is described of determining the flow-weighted mean inspired oxygen concentration produced by the mask. Using this method, it was found that the inspired oxygen concentration was predictable only at the 24% setting using the recommended fl...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Woolner DF,Larkin J

更新日期：1980-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Patients admitted to an Intensive Care Unit (ICU) frequently have underlying cardiac dysfunction. Early interventions are sometimes difficult to initiate because of diagnostic uncertainty as to whether cardiac failure is present As B-type natriuretic peptide (BNP) has been shown to be increased in cardiac dysfunction,...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： McLean AS,Tang B,Nalos M,Huang SJ,Stewart DE

更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A retrospective study in coronary artery bypass graft patients was undertaken to assess the effect of gentamicin and a bypass prime with a high calcium on the incidence of renal failure. Patients who received both Haemaccel (polygeline, Hoechst Marion Roussel) (calcium concentration 6.25 mmol/l) in the bypass prime an...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Schneider M,Valentine S,Clarke GM,Newman MA,Peacock J

更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We report a case of rupture of the left main bronchus in a female patient with oesophageal carcinoma, who had received thoracic radiotherapy preoperatively. Endotracheal intubation was achieved with a left-sided double-lumen tube. After almost three hours of intubation and one and half hours of one-lung ventilation, b...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Jha RR,Mishra S,Bhatnagar S

更新日期：2004-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A postal survey of anaesthetists practising in New Zealand assessed practices with regard to the preparation of pre-drawn syringes of emergency drugs in theatre, and attitudes towards the drawing up of drugs by non-medically qualified assistants. Opinion and practice varied widely; a quarter of respondents routinely d...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Ducat CM,Merry AF,Webster CS

更新日期：2000-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The sub-Tenon's technique uses blunt dissection and a blunt probe to inject local anaesthetic into the posterior sub-Tenon's space. This avoids the potentially catastrophic complications which result from passing a sharp needle blindly into the orbit and retrobulbar space. The anatomy of Tenon's capsule and the block ...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Guise PA

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to review and describe indications for intraaortic balloon counterpulsation (IABP) use and identify the impact these have on outcomes at an Australian cardiothoracic tertiary referral hospital. A secondary aim was comparison of the Australian practice with a large multinational IABP data regi...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Lewis PA,Mullany DV,Townsend S,Johnson J,Wood L,Courtney M,Joseph D,Walters DL

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Colloid infusions can cause metabolic acidosis. Mechanisms and relative severity with different colloids are incompletely understood. We compared haemodilution acid-base effects of 4% albumin, 3.5% polygeline, 4% succinylated gelatin (all weak acid colloids, strong ion difference 12 mEq/l, 17.6 mEq/l and 34 mEq/l resp...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Morgan TJ,Vellaichamy M,Cowley DM,Weier SL,Venkatesh B,Jones MA

更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Sevoflurane is a newly available volatile anaesthetic agent which is suitable for inhalational induction of anaesthesia. Due to concerns about obstructing the upper airway as anaesthesia deepens, its use has until now been avoided in patients with upper airway obstruction. We used its smooth induction and recovery pro...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Watters MP,McKenzie JM

更新日期：1997-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organic insecticide poisoning continues to be a major health problem not only in the developing communities but also in the Western population. The insecticides commonly used are the organophosphates, organocarbamates, organochlorides and pyrethroids. Patients with organic insecticide poisoning present with a spectrum...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Peter JV,Cherian AM

更新日期：2000-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In order to achieve the maximum therapeutic benefit in the treatment of malignancies, doses of chemotherapeutic agents are pushed to the point of severe marrow toxicity. This aggressive therapy can lead to iatrogenic complications including haemorrhage and sepsis due to the depletion of platelets and granulocytes. Pri...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Tobias JD,Schleien C

更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We reviewed the clinical characteristics, required intervention and short- and long-term outcomes in obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) patients requiring intensive care. A retrospective, single-centre, observational cohort study was undertaken in a multidisciplinary teaching medical and surgical intensive care unit. Adul...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Hang LW,Chen W,Liang SJ,Lin YC,Tu CY,Chen HJ,Chiu KL

更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:One-lung ventilation can be achieved with a double-lumen tube or a bronchial blocker. However, the larger outer diameters of double-lumen or Univent tubes may prevent their passage through an area of subglottic stenosiss. We present five cases of subglottic stenosis in which a Fogarty catheter was used as a bronchial ...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Park HP,Bahk JH,Park JH,Oh YS

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The current trend to treat hypotension in critically ill patients is to place a greater emphasis on inotropic support and less on fluid resuscitation in order to limit the potential harm from fluid overload. This combination may trigger left ventricular outflow tract obstruction (LVOTO) in susceptible patients. Althou...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Evans JS,Huang SJ,McLean AS,Nalos M

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Self-assessment and audit in anaesthesia require a systematic approach to postoperative data collection. The increasing prevalence of mobile internet technology offers a new data collection method for anaesthetists. In this paper, a system for mobile internet data collection is described and the preliminary experience...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Belavy D

更新日期：2014-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Prone positioning to improve oxygenation in acute lung injury was first reported over 20 years ago. Although this and several subsequent studies have shown that prone positioning improved oxygenation in the majority of patients, it has failed to become common practice in intensive care units. This paper reviews the me...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Tobin A,Kelly W

更新日期：1999-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Eighty-two patients presenting for major abdominal surgery were divided into five groups, and received intravenous ketamine, muscle relaxation and controlled ventilation with oxygen-enriched air. For maintenance of anaesthesia patients were given a single intravenous dose of either droperidol 5 mg, diazepam 5 mg, prom...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Houlton PJ,Downing JW,Brock-Utne JG

更新日期：1978-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Perioperative hypoxaemia is a common but serious problem with well recognised causes. However, an anomalous bronchus causing lobar collapse as a cause is seldom mentioned. A healthy young male patient was anaesthetised for a knee operation. He required re-intubation immediately postoperatively for hypoxia. He was foun...

journal_title：Anaesthesia and intensive care

authors： Critchley LA,Ho AM,Lee SY

更新日期：2007-04-01 00:00:00