Unique hip and stifle extensor muscle patterns in the Eurasian lynx, Lynx lynx (Carnivora: Felidae).

Abstract:

:The Eurasian lynx (Lynx lynx) is a medium-sized felid, with a tendency to hunt for prey larger than itself. We studied the lynx hindlimb musculoskeletal anatomy in order to determine possible anatomical adaptations to hunting large prey. In our previous work, we had found characters of both large and small felids in the lynx forelimb. The crouched limbs, typical of all felids, increase the energy demands for the antigravity muscles during locomotion. As a powerful pounce is required for the smaller felid to bring down large prey, strong hindquarters may be needed. We hypothesized that the muscle attachments are more mechanically advantageous and muscles heavier in the lynx as compared to other felids to compensate for the energy requirements. In support of this, we found unique patterns in the hindlimb musculature of the lynx. Insertion of the m. gluteus medius was large with a short moment arm around the hip joint, providing mechanical disadvantage, but rapid movement. The musculus vastus medialis was relatively heavier than in other felids emphasizing the role of the m. quadriceps femoris as a powerful stifle extensor. The extensor muscles support the crouched hind limbs, which is crucial when tackling large prey, and they are also responsible for the swift powerful pounce brought by extending the hindlimbs. However, we cannot rule out the possibility the characters are shared with other Lynx spp. or they are adaptations to other aspects of the locomotor strategy in the Eurasian lynx.

journal_name

J Morphol

journal_title

Journal of morphology

authors

Viranta S,Holmala K,Laakkonen J

doi

10.1002/jmor.21328

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2021-01-25 00:00:00

eissn

0362-2525

issn

1097-4687

pub_type

杂志文章
  • The caudal neurosecretory system and its afferent synapses in the goldfish, Carassius auratus: morphology, immunohistochemistry, and fine structure.

    abstract::Morphological features of the goldfish caudal neurosecretory system were investigated by means of immunohistochemical localization of urotensins I and II (UI and UII) and electron microscopic examination of the caudal neurosecretory neurons, the urophysis, and the synaptic neuropil. The aim of the work is to provide a...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199801)235:1<59::AID-JMOR5

    authors: Cioni C,De Vito L,Greco A,Pepe A

    更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00

  • Light and electron microscopic study of the hindgut of the ant (Formica nigricans, hymenoptera): I. Structure of the ileum.

    abstract::The study of the ileum of the ant Formica nigricans by light and electron microscopy revealed the existence of three differentiated regions: proximal, middle, and distal ileum. The middle region constitutes most of the length of the organ. Its wall is made up by a folded simple epithelium lined by a cuticle, which is ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199912)242:3<189::AID-JMOR

    authors: Villaro AC,Garayoa M,Lezaun MJ,Sesma P

    更新日期:1999-12-01 00:00:00

  • Intercellular bridges and the fusome in the germ cells of the Cecropia moth.

    abstract::Intercellular bridge development was compared in Ceropia by transmission electron microscopy in the germ cells of males and females. Bridge formation begins in the fourth instar, and the spindle remnants in newly formed bridges are replaced at this time by an amorphous material known as the fusome. In the four- and ei...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051660104

    authors: Mandelbaum I

    更新日期:1980-10-01 00:00:00

  • An examination of surface epithelium structures of the embryo across the genus Poeciliopsis (Poeciliidae).

    abstract::In viviparous, teleost fish, with postfertilization maternal nutrient provisioning, embryonic structures that facilitate maternal-fetal nutrient transfer are predicted to be present. For the family Poeciliidae, only a handful of morphological studies have explored these embryonic specializations. Here, we present a co...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20745

    authors: Panhuis TM,Fris M,Tuhela L,Kwan L

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Volume and morphology changes of a bdelloid rotifer species (Macrotrachela quadricornifera) during anhydrobiosis.

    abstract::Following a study on the changes occurring in a bdelloid species (Macrotrachela quadricornifera, Rotifera, Bdelloidea) when entering anhydrobiosis, we investigated the changes in morphology, including weight and volume during the transition from the active hydrated to the dormant anhydrobiotic state by scanning electr...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10579

    authors: Ricci C,Caprioli M,Fontaneto D,Melone G

    更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00

  • Ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis in the larval anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L.

    abstract::The ultrastructure of the adenohypophysis (AH) in the larval anadromous sea lamprey, Petromyzon marinus L., was examined. The AH is subdivided into three regions, the pro-, meso-, and meta-AH. Cells of the nasopharyngeal stalk extend directly beneath the pro- and meso-AH to form the ventral surface of the gland. Some ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051760306

    authors: Wright GM

    更新日期:1983-06-01 00:00:00

  • The head and neck muscles of the Philippine colugo (Dermoptera: Cynocephalus volans), with a comparison to tree-shrews, primates, and other mammals.

    abstract::The colugos, or flying lemurs (Dermoptera), are arboreal gliding mammals that are commonly grouped with tree-shrews (Scandentia) and Primates in the superorder Euarchonta. However, little is known about the head and neck muscles of these gliding mammals. This raises difficulties for the discussion of not only the func...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10666

    authors: Diogo R

    更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00

  • Spermiogenesis in Odontophrynus cultripes (Amphibia, Anura, Leptodactylidae): Ultrastructural and cytochemical studies of proteins using E-PTA.

    abstract::Spermiogenesis in the South American leptodactylid frog Odontophrynus cultripes was analyzed ultrastructurally. The spermatids undergo morphological modification while still enclosed in microtubule-rich processes of Sertoli cells. Electron-dense plates resembling junctional structures appear in regions at which the sp...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1052070307

    authors: Báo SN,Dalton GC,de Oliveira SF

    更新日期:1991-03-01 00:00:00

  • Hypoxia-induced developmental plasticity of larval growth, gill and labyrinth organ morphometrics in two anabantoid fish: The facultative air-breather Siamese fighting fish (Betta splendens) and the obligate air-breather the blue gourami (Trichopodus tric

    abstract::Larval and juvenile air breathing fish may experience nocturnal and/or seasonal aquatic hypoxia. Yet, whether hypoxia induces respiratory developmental plasticity in larval air breathing fish is uncertain. This study predicted that larvae of two closely related anabantid fish-the facultative air breather the Siamese f...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20931

    authors: Mendez-Sanchez JF,Burggren WW

    更新日期:2019-02-01 00:00:00

  • Postembryonic ontogeny of the spadefoot toad, Scaphiopus intermontanus (Anura: Pelobatidae): skeletal morphology.

    abstract::Postembryonic skeletal ontogeny of the pelobatid frog Scaphiopus intermontanus is described based on a developmental series of cleared-and-stained, whole-mount specimens. The focus is on laboratory-reared individuals fed a herbivorous diet as larvae. Although there is variation in the timing of ossification of individ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199811)238:2<179::AID-JMOR

    authors: Hall JA,Larsen JH Jr

    更新日期:1998-11-01 00:00:00

  • Fine structure of the gnathosoma of archegozetes longisetosus [corrected] aoki (acari: oribatida, trhypochthoniidae).

    abstract::Oribatida are one of the main groups of Acari comprising mostly important decomposers in soils. Most species are particle feeders, an exceptional mode of nutrition in Arachnida. Hence, their feeding organs, the gnathosoma, are of special functional interest. We studied nearly all components using scanning and transmis...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10971

    authors: Alberti G,Heethoff M,Norton RA,Schmelzle S,Seniczak A,Seniczak S

    更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00

  • Does the morphology of the ear of the Chinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis) show "Subterranean" characteristics?

    abstract::In spite of the growing interest in rodents with subterranean activity in general and the spalacids (Spalacidae) in particular, little is known about the biology of most members of this clade, such as the Chinese bamboo rat (Rhizomys sinensis). Here, we analyzed the ear morphology of R. sinensis with respect to hearin...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20519

    authors: Pleštilová L,Hrouzková E,Burda H,Šumbera R

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • Embryological staging of the Zebra Finch, Taeniopygia guttata.

    abstract::Zebra Finches (Taeniopygia guttata) are the most commonly used laboratory songbird species, yet their embryological development has been poorly characterized. Most studies to date apply Hamburger and Hamilton stages derived from chicken development; however, significant differences in development between precocial and...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20165

    authors: Murray JR,Varian-Ramos CW,Welch ZS,Saha MS

    更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00

  • Ultrastructural and quantitative dynamics of the granulosa of ovarian follicles of the lizard Gerrhonotus coeruleus (family Anguidae).

    abstract::The progression of ovarian follicular development in the Northern Alligator Lizard has been documented ultrastructurally and by enumeration of cells, with a focus on changes in the granulosa component of the follicle. The pattern of cellular differentiation of the granulosa entails, as in other lizards, the transforma...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051920205

    authors: Klosterman LL

    更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00

  • Forebrain projections of the pigeon olfactory bulb.

    abstract::The olfactory system of the pigeon (Columba livia) was examined. Our electrophysiological and experimental neuroanatomical (Fink-Heimer technique) data showed that axons from the olfactory bulb terminated in both sides of the forebrain. The cortex prepiriformis (olfactory cortex), the hyperstriatum ventrale and the lo...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051580105

    authors: Rieke GK,Wenzel BM

    更新日期:1978-10-01 00:00:00

  • Functional morphology of jaw trabeculation in the lesser electric ray Narcine brasiliensis, with comments on the evolution of structural support in the Batoidea.

    abstract::The design of minimum-weight structures that retain their integrity under dynamic loading regimes has long challenged engineers. One solution to this problem found in both human and biological design is the optimization of weight and strength by hollowing a structure and replacing its inner core with supportive struts...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10302

    authors: Dean MN,Huber DR,Nance HA

    更新日期:2006-10-01 00:00:00

  • Comparative study of dentition among species of Poecilia (Pisces).

    abstract::Many studies in the genus Poecilia have focused on reproductive and genetic characteristics of Poecilia formosa, the Amazon molly, and its sympatric species P. latipinna and P. mexicana. The research literature of Poecilia dentition has been limited to general tooth morphology. Essentially absent are comparative analy...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/(SICI)1097-4687(199903)239:3<271::AID-JMOR

    authors: Lewis SR,Rasch EM,Hossler FE,Kalbfleisch JH,Monaco PJ

    更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00

  • Basic fibroblast growth factor, neurofilament, and glial fibrillary acidic protein immunoreactivities in the myenteric plexus of the rat esophagus and colon.

    abstract::The enteric nervous system consists of a number of interconnected networks of neuronal cell bodies and fibers as well as satellite cells, the enteric glia. Basic fibroblast growth factor (bFGF) is a mitogen for a variety of mesodermal and neuroectodermal-derived cells and its presence has been described in many tissue...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10252

    authors: Chadi G,Gomide VC,Rodrigues de Souza R,Scabello RT,Maurício da Silva C

    更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00

  • Morphology of the cloaca in the estuarine crocodile, Crocodylus porosus, and its plastic response to salinity.

    abstract::The cloacal complex of Crocodylus porosus is composed of three chambers (proctodaeum, urodaeum, and coprodaeum) separated by tight, muscular sphincters. The proctodaeum is proximal to the cloacal vent and houses the genitalia. The urodaeum is the largest chamber, is capable of storing large quantities of urine, and is...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/1097-4687(200008)245:2<168::AID-JMOR7>3.0.

    authors: Kuchel LJ,Franklin CE

    更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00

  • Lymph drainage of the mammary glands in female cats.

    abstract::The mammary gland is a common site of neoplasms in the female cat. All the malignant tumors metastasize to a lesser or a greater extent through the lymphatic system. However, the anatomical knowledge of this system is not sufficiently well known in cats to develop a reasoned model for the extirpation of these glands i...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.10403

    authors: Raharison F,Sautet J

    更新日期:2006-03-01 00:00:00

  • Morphology and ultrastructure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus.

    abstract::The three-dimensional structure of the organ of Bellonci in the marine amphipod Gammarus setosus and the relationship between its sensory cells and concretion are described using light, transmission, and scanning electron microscopy, with chemical treatment for cell lysis, calcium chelation, glycogen staining, and lan...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051810109

    authors: Steele VJ

    更新日期:1984-07-01 00:00:00

  • Morphology of the dorsal vessel in the abdomen of the blood-feeding insect Rhodnius prolixus.

    abstract::The dorsal vessel (DV) in the abdomen of the blood-feeding insect Rhodnius prolixus was divided functionally into two regions, the heart, into which haemolymph entered the DV through four pairs of ostia located in abdominal segment VII, and the aorta, along which the haemolymph was propelled from abdominal segment VI ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1052040103

    authors: Chiang RG,Chiang JA,Davey KG

    更新日期:1990-04-01 00:00:00

  • Ectocranial suture fusion in primates: pattern and phylogeny.

    abstract::Patterns of ectocranial suture fusion among Primates are subject to species-specific variation. In this study, we used Guttman Scaling to compare modal progression of ectocranial suture fusion among Hominidae (Homo, Pan, Gorilla, and Pongo), Hylobates, and Cercopithecidae (Macaca and Papio) groups. Our hypothesis is t...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20218

    authors: Cray J Jr,Cooper GM,Mooney MP,Siegel MI

    更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00

  • Naturally occurring diblastodermic eggs in the annual fish Cynolebias: Implications for developmental regulation and determination.

    abstract::Annual fish development differs from that of other teleosts because a phase of blastomere dispersion-reaggregation spatially and temporally separates epiboly from embryogenesis. The fate of dispersed blastomeres was assessed in diblastodermic eggs of the annual fishes Cynolebias whitei and C. nigripinnis. In typical t...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1052150309

    authors: Carter CA,Wourms JP

    更新日期:1993-03-01 00:00:00

  • Developmental architecture of the nervous system in Themiste lageniformis (Sipuncula): New evidence from confocal laser scanning microscopy and gene expression.

    abstract::Sipuncula is a clade of unsegmented marine worms that are currently placed among the basal radiation of conspicuously segmented Annelida. Their new location provides a unique opportunity to reinvestigate the evolution and development of segmented body plans. Neural segmentation is clearly evident during ganglionic ven...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.21054

    authors: Carrillo-Baltodano AM,Boyle MJ,Rice ME,Meyer NP

    更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00

  • Hemoglobin-containing cells of Neodasys (Gastrotricha, Chaetonotida). I. Morphology and ultrastructure.

    abstract::The overall anatomy of Neodasys as well as data for hemoglobin-containing cells are described. Hemoglobin-containing cells are shown to be mesodermal specializations constituting approximately 14% of the animal's total body volume (4.87 ± 104 μl). These globular cells (10-14 μm) are situated in two longitudinal rows, ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051750106

    authors: Ruppert EE,Travis PB

    更新日期:1983-01-01 00:00:00

  • Alterations of endocrine pancreas B cells in a sahelian reptile (Varanus exanthematicus) during starvation.

    abstract::During the long starvation period (November to June) of the lizard (Varanus exanthematicus), pancreatic B cells undergo profound modification. The degeneration of beta granules observed in electron microscopy appears correlated with the diminution of the immunoreactive insulin-like content of the pancreas. The analogy...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051800302

    authors: Godet R,Mattei X,Dupé-Godet M

    更新日期:1984-06-01 00:00:00

  • Heterochrony in mandible development of larval shrimp (Decapoda: Caridea)--a comparative morphological SEM study of two carideans.

    abstract::Mandible development in the larval stages I-V of two palaemonid shrimp species, Palaemon elegans and Macrobrachium amazonicum, was analyzed using scanning electron microscopy, light microscopy, and confocal laser scanning microscopy. In contrast to the zoea I of P. elegans, first-stage larvae of M. amazonicum are nonf...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.20299

    authors: Batel A,Melzer RR,Anger K,Geiselbrecht H

    更新日期:2014-11-01 00:00:00

  • Cellular and ultrastructural features of the adult and the embryonic eye in the marine gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta.

    abstract::Light and electron microscopic techniques show that the eye of the marine prosobranch gastropod, Ilyanassa obsoleta, is composed of an optic cavity, lens, cornea, retina, and neuropile, and is surrounded by a connective tissue capsule. The adult retina is a columnar epithelium containing three morphologically distinct...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051810207

    authors: Gibsonm BL

    更新日期:1984-08-01 00:00:00

  • Comparative morphology, functions, and homologies of the coxal glands in oribatid mites (Arachnida: Acari).

    abstract::1. Forty-eight species of oribatids in 37 families representing most of the superfamilies were collected from various environments (littoral, salt marsh, litter, sod, and freshwater) and sectioned. 2. The coxal gland is composed of a sacculus and a labyrinth in all stages of all oribatid species. Muscles, originating ...

    journal_title:Journal of morphology

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.1002/jmor.1051390404

    authors: Woodring JP

    更新日期:1973-04-01 00:00:00