Abstract:
:Background Modern antiviral treatments have high cure rates against the hepatitis C virus however, the high cost associated with branded medicines and diagnostic tests, have resulted in poor access for many low-income patients residing in low-and-middle-income countries. Objective This study aimed to evaluate the role of a patient assistance programme and generic medicines in improving access to treatment of low-income hepatitis C patients in a low-and-middle-income country. Setting A major teaching public hospital in Islamabad, Pakistan. Methods Hepatitis C patients who presented and enrolled for the patient assistance programme during 12 months (1st July 2015 and 30th June 2016) were included. Demography, prescription characteristics, the total costs of Hepatitis C treatment, medicine cost supported by the programme, out-of-pocket cost borne by the patient and average cost effectiveness ratio per sustained virologic response were calculated and compared for different generic and branded regimens. Main outcome measure cost contribution of patient assistance programme. Results A total of 349 patients initiated the treatment through the programme and of those 334 (95.7%) completed the prescribed treatment. There were 294 (88.02%) patients who achieved sustained virologic response. Patient assistance programme contributed medicines cost averaging 60.28-86.26% of the total cost of treatment ($1634.6) per patient. The mean (SE) cost per patient for generic option (Sofosbuvir/Ribavirin) was the lowest [$658.36 (22.3) per patient, average cost effectiveness ratio = $720.1/SVR] than branded option (Sovaldi/Ribavirin) [$2218.66 (37.6) per patient, average cost effectiveness ratio = $2361.8/SVR] of the three available treatment regimens. From patients' perspectives, the mean (SE) out-of-pocket cost was $296.9 (6.7) which primarily included diagnostic cost (69.9%) of the total cost. Conclusions Patient assistance programme, combined with generic brands of newer hepatitis C treatment offered a significant reduction in cost and widens access to hepatitis C treatment in low-and middle-income countries. However, substantial out-of-pocket costs of the treatment presents an important barrier for service access. There is a scope to widen such financial assistance programme to offer other costs attributed to patients, specifically for diagnosis, to widen service use in low-and-middle-income countries.
journal_name
Int J Clin Pharmjournal_title
International journal of clinical pharmacyauthors
Ali S,Ur-Rehman T,Ali M,Haque S,Rasheed F,Lougher E,Nawaz MS,Paudyal Vdoi
10.1007/s11096-020-01202-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-11-28 00:00:00eissn
2210-7703issn
2210-7711pii
10.1007/s11096-020-01202-1pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Smoking cessation represents one of the best means of preventing smoking-related complications. In recent years, a majority of hospitals have implemented smoke-free policies, making support for smoker patients a necessary and indispensable task. The clinical pharmacist is well-positioned to provide this kind...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9927-8
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:With increasing deregulation of prescription-only medicines and drive for self-care, pharmacists have greater scope to manage more conditions. This brings added responsibility to be competent healthcare professionals who deliver high quality evidence-based patient care. OBJECTIVE:This study sought to establ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9586-y
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background The treatment of heart failure patients is very complex and includes lifestyle modification as well as different pharmacological therapies. Polypharmacy is very common in such patients and they are at increased risk of potential drug-drug interactions and associated effects such as poor adherence, complianc...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00918-z
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:To audit patients' allergy documentation in a large rural hospital an to make recommendations about accurate drug allergies in hospital settings. SETTING:A 257 bed large hospital and fully integrated health service in Australia, providing a range of services including; medicine, surgery, aged ca...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9525-y
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Population-based studies investigating indications for antidepressant prescribing mostly rely on diagnoses from general practitioners. However, diagnostic codes might be incomplete and drugs may be prescribed 'off-label' for indications not investigated in clinical trials. Objective We aimed to study indica...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0371-9
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Off-label prescribing is prevalent in healthcare. There is a lack of understanding of pharmacists' attitudes toward the practice of off-label prescribing, especially those that are prescribed for other indications than approved ones (termed as indication-based off-label prescribing). Objective Explore hospi...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-017-0567-7
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background There is a lack of data on the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medications (PIMs) in community-dwelling older adults in China. Objective To assess the prevalence of potentially inappropriate medication in community dwelling older adults in China and to investigate risk factors associated with the us...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-00980-y
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the situation regarding spontaneous adverse drug reaction reporting in the Czech Republic during a 5-year period (2005-2009). SETTING:Descriptive study was conducted using the data from the Czech State Institute for Drug Control pharmacovigilance database. METHODS:The dat...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9527-9
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:For patients accessing specialist palliative care day services, medication is prescribed routinely to manage acute symptoms, treat long-term conditions or prevent adverse events associated with these conditions. As such, the pharmacotherapeutic burden for these patients is high and polypharmacy is common. Co...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9932-y
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The article Knowledge of cardiovascular disease risk factors and practice of primary prevention of cardiovascular disease by Community Pharmacists in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 已发布勘误
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00903-6
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Medication errors are the most common types of medical errors that occur in health care organisations; however, these errors are largely underreported. Objective This study assessed knowledge on medication error reporting, perceived barriers to reporting medication errors, motivations for reporting medicati...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01041-0
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Possessing correct therapeutic information on oral contraceptives is an important prerequisite for the provision of sound advice to women who are using these products. OBJECTIVES:This study examines Egyptian pharmacists' knowledge of pharmacotherapeutic aspects of oral contraceptives as well as interest in ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0264-y
更新日期:2016-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Computerised physician order entry (CPOE) and the integration of a pharmacist in clinical wards have been shown to prevent drug related problems (DRPs). OBJECTIVES:The primary objective was to make an inventory of the DRPs and resident pharmacist on-ward interventions (PIs) identified in a geriatric acute c...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-013-9821-9
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Atrial fibrillation (AF) is a risk factor for stroke in older people. Oral anticoagulants can reduce stroke risk but they are commonly under prescribed in the elderly, often due to concerns regarding the risk of bleeding. Prescribing in aged care residents may also be further complicated by associated geria...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01025-0
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Both clinical pharmacists and computerized physician order entry systems with clinical decision support (CPOE/CDSS) can reduce drug-related problems (DRPs). However, the contribution of a clinical pharmacist in addition to CPOE/CDSS has not been established in a prospective study. OBJECTIVE:To determine whi...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-013-9798-4
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Patients at risk of falling are regularly prescribed medicines which increase falls risk. Medication review is a widely advocated risk reduction strategy. OBJECTIVE:The objectives of this descriptive study were to determine the number and types of falls risk medicines suitable for intervention, and to devel...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9980-3
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Recommendations on drug dose adjustment in patients with renal impairment may vary between the references. It is often unknown which approach the dosing schemes were based on and what drug exposure is likely to be achieved. OBJECTIVE:To develop a simple method to evaluate recommended dosing schemes for pati...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0141-0
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Ocular allergies frequently present in pharmacy practices. However, research into the actual management of ocular allergy in pharmacies is lacking. OBJECTIVE:To determine and quantify history and symptom questioning of a patient with presumed allergic conjunctivitis and management strategies employed by pha...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-012-9742-z
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Medication dispensing is a core function of community pharmacies, and errors that occur during the dispensing process are a major concern for pharmacy profession. However, to date there has been no national study of medication dispensing errors in Jordan. Objective The study aimed to investigate the inciden...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01126-w
更新日期:2020-08-17 00:00:00
abstract::Background Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are among the most commonly used pharmaceutical agents worldwide. NSAIDs are considered nephrotoxic and should therefore be used with caution or be avoided completely in high risk patients, such as chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Objective This study aim...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0298-1
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Sequential antimicrobial therapy is an important part of antimicrobial stewardship and intends to improve the timeliness of switch to oral antimicrobials. The aim of this study was to assess the impact of the introduction of guidelines and criteria for switching to oral antimicrobials. SETTING:The study was...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-010-9475-9
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Tyrosine kinase inhibitors have been demonstrated to improve the survival of patients with chronic myeloid leukaemia. However, medication adherence is vital for patients on chronic treatment. Objective The objective of the current study was to evaluate response to treatment, adherence by patients to tyrosin...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-01070-9
更新日期:2020-06-11 00:00:00
abstract::It is widely acknowledged that patients-particularly those late in life-are frequently exposed to the harms of medication. To minimize these harms, several frameworks have been developed by which prescribing can be optimized. In the context of diminishing life expectancy, these frameworks can be used to reduce medicat...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0148-6
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background The inclusion of pharmacist in health care system is essential to ensure optimal patient care. However, with the passage of time, pharmacist's role has transcended from dispensing, compounding and counting of pills, to more sophisticated clinical duties. Objective To evaluate doctors' experience, perception...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-020-00991-9
更新日期:2020-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Setting Fifteen community pharmacies in the UK. Objective Proof of concept study to test the use of community pharmacies for active case finding of patients with coeliac disease. Methods Customers accessing over-the counter and prescription medicines indicated in the treatment of possible symptoms of coeliac disease o...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-016-0368-4
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background Antipsychotic polypharmacy ("polypharmacy") is the concurrent prescribing of more than one antipsychotic. It is widely practised, as reported in the literature, and is known to increase the risk of adverse outcomes for patients. Objective To quantify the prevalence and magnitude of polypharmacy in patients ...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00930-3
更新日期:2019-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Standard of care therapy (SOCT) for the treatment of methicillin susceptible staphylococcal aureus (MSSA) infections requires multiple daily infusions. Despite questionable efficacy due to high protein binding, ceftriaxone (CTX) is frequently used for treatment of MSSA at Hines VA Hospital. OBJECTIVE:The ob...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-014-9999-5
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There has been little research which specifically examines medicine use among South Asian (SA) and Middle Eastern (ME) groups, although evidence suggests that medicine-related needs may be poorly met for these groups. OBJECTIVE:To describe medicine-related problems (MRPs) experienced by SA and ME patients f...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-015-0103-6
更新日期:2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Background After radical cystectomy, delayed return of bowel function is relatively common. Although studies investigating on the best modality for delivering nutritional support to this patient group are limited, parenteral nutrition was standard of care in those patients at the urological ward of the University Hosp...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-019-00800-y
更新日期:2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In September 2007, the FDA issued an alert recommending that ceftriaxone and calcium-containing solutions should not be administered to any patient within 48 h of each other. Due to the widespread use of ceftriaxone, significant concern was expressed by the greater healthcare community about the warning, whic...
journal_title:International journal of clinical pharmacy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s11096-011-9503-4
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00