Abstract：
:In injury and disease, microglia and astrocytes - two major non-neuronal cell types in the central nervous system (CNS) - undergo morphological, transcriptional, and functional changes, which can underlie pathogenesis and dysfunction of the CNS. Microglia, the brain's tissue resident parenchymal macrophages, are described as becoming "activated" as they deftly change their production of different inflammatory mediators, alter the surveillance behavior of their cellular protrusions, and differentially influence the function of astrocytes. For their part, astrocytes - the most abundant glial cell type - are said to become "reactive", which implies (perhaps inappropriately) causality for the changes astrocytes undergo. Reactive astrocytes variably undergo process hypertrophy, decrease their normal homeostatic functions such as facilitating synapse formation, and in some cases act to form a tissue scar in response to insult. But what do these terms "activation" and "reactivity" mean, anyway? And how do these changed microglia and astrocytes contribute to neurodegenerative disease (ND)? Here, we describe our current understanding of the role of activated and reactive microglia and astrocytes in ND, as well as our current understanding about what these states are and might mean. We survey the earliest description of these cells by histopathologists, their transcriptomic identities, and finally our mechanistic understanding of their functions in ND.
journal_name
Neurobiol Disjournal_title
Neurobiology of diseaseauthors
Bennett ML,Viaene ANdoi
10.1016/j.nbd.2020.105172subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2021-01-01 00:00:00pages
105172eissn
0969-9961issn
1095-953Xpii
S0969-9961(20)30447-2journal_volume
148pub_type
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1006/nbdi.1999.0266
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2012.04.011
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
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更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1006/nbdi.2001.0392
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2009.06.006
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2008.03.011
更新日期：2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2013.04.002
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2008.09.010
更新日期：2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2016.11.013
更新日期：2017-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2009-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2003.11.019
更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2005.06.002
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2010.03.013
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2006.11.002
更新日期：2007-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
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更新日期：2019-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2006.05.001
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Neurobiology of disease
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.nbd.2012.06.023
更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
