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Differentiating maximal and submaximal voluntary strength measures for the purposes of medico-legal assessments and para sport classification: A systematic review.

Abstract：

:Measurement of maximum voluntary muscle contractions are effort-dependent - valid measurement requires maximal voluntary effort (MVE) from participants. Submaximal efforts (SMEs) yield invalid and potentially misleading results. This is particularly problematic in medico-legal and Para sport assessments where low strength scores may confer a personal advantage. Therefore, objective methods for accurately differentiating MVE and SME are required. This systematic review aimed to identify, appraise and synthesise evidence from scientific studies evaluating the validity of objective methods for differentiating MVE from SME during maximal voluntary contractions. Four electronic databases were searched for original research articles published in English and secondary references appraised for relevance yielding 25 studies for review. Methods were categorised based on eight distinct underlying theories. For isokinetic strength assessment, methods based on two theories - Strength-measure Ratios and Inter-Trial Strength Consistency - correctly classified 100% MVE and > 92% SME. Consequently, research evaluating the relative suitability of these methods for translation into practice is warranted. During isometric strength assessments, methods based on Deceptive Visual Feedback and Force-length properties warrant further investigation. Both methods yielded statistically significant differences between MVE and SME, with minimal overlap in values, but their sensitivity and specificity have not been evaluated. Highlights The most promising methods for translation into practice were Strength-measure Ratios, and Inter-trial Force Consistency for isokinetic strength measures, and ratios between force outputs produced in multiple joint positions, and Deceptive Visual Feedback for isometric strength measures. All methods or measures must be analysed using sensitivity and specificity analyses to determine detection power, this must also be conducted in males and females separately to allow assessment for potential strength bias. All methods or measures must be validated in a representative sample of the population they are intended for use in prior to translation into practice.

journal_name

Eur J Sport Sci

journal_title

European journal of sport science

authors

Paix EL,Tweedy SM,Connick MJ,Beckman EM

doi

10.1080/17461391.2020.1834623

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2020-11-04 00:00:00

pages

1-33

eissn

1746-1391

issn

1536-7290

pub_type

杂志文章

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Differentiating maximal and submaximal voluntary strength measures for the purposes of medico-legal assessments and para sport classification: A systematic review.