Abstract:
:This paper investigates the medical law and ethics (MEL) learning needs of Foundation doctors (FYs) by means of a national survey developed in association with key stakeholders including the General Medical Council and Health Education England. Four hundred sevnty-nine doctors completed the survey. The average self-reported level of preparation in MEL was 63%. When asked to rate how confident they felt in approaching three cases of increasing ethical complexity, more FYs were fully confident in the more complex cases than in the more standard case. There was no apparent relationship with confidence and reported teaching at medical school. The less confident doctors were no more likely to ask for further teaching on the topic than the confident doctors. This suggests that FYs can be vulnerable when facing ethical decisions by being underprepared, not recognising their lack of ability to make a reasoned decision or by being overconfident. Educators need to be aware of this and provide practical MEL training based on trainee experiences and real-world ethics and challenge learners' views. Given the complexities of many ethical decisions, preparedness should not be seen as the ability to make a difficult decision but rather a recognition that such cases are difficult, that doubt is permissible and the solution may well be beyond the relatively inexperienced doctor. Educators and supervisors should therefore be ensuring that this is clear to their trainees. This necessitates an environment in which questions can be asked and uncertainty raised with the expectation of a supportive response.
journal_name
J Med Ethicsjournal_title
Journal of medical ethicsauthors
Corfield L,Williams RA,Lavelle C,Latcham N,Talash K,Machin Ldoi
10.1136/medethics-2019-105961subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-04-10 00:00:00eissn
0306-6800issn
1473-4257pii
medethics-2019-105961pub_type
杂志文章abstract:OBJECTIVES:To study the attitudes of health care staff in four postcommunist countries towards taking gifts from their clients--and their confessed experience of actually taking such gifts. DESIGN:Survey questionnaire administered to officials including health care staff, supplemented by focus-group discussions with t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.5.305
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most moral dilemmas in medicine are analysed using the four principles with some consideration of consequentialism but these frameworks have limitations. It is not always clear how to judge which consequences are best. When principles conflict it is not always easy to decide which should dominate. They also do not tak...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.29.5.297
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This point of view compares the issue of informed patient consent primarily as it operates in Australia and the United Kingdom. It affords an overview, also, of the applicable law in the United States and Canada. It particularly focuses on the legal test to be applied to patient consent as established in the Bolam cas...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.21.1.5
更新日期:1995-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study investigated Finnish physicians' experiences of decisions concerning living wills and do not resuscitate (DNR) orders and also their views on the role of patients and family members in these decisions. DESIGN:A questionnaire was sent to 800 physicians representing the following specialties: gener...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.001081
更新日期:2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Antimicrobial therapy is a cornerstone of therapy in critically ill patients; however, the wide use of antibiotics has resulted in increased antimicrobial resistance and outbreaks of resistant disease. To counter this, many hospitals have instituted antimicrobial stewardship programmes as a way to reduce the inappropr...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-102785
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:To allow patients to reflect about a decision to participate in a clinical trial, guidelines suggest a 24-h delay from when they are informed about the trial to when they give consent. In certain clinical settings, this is likely to hamper recruitment. METHOD:After oral and written information about the tri...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.033456
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Euthanasia and physician-assisted suicide (PAS) by request and/or based on an advance directive are legal in The Netherlands under strict conditions, thus providing options for patients with Huntington's disease (HD) and other neurodegenerative diseases to stay in control and choose their end of life. HD is an inherit...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2011-100369
更新日期:2013-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The difficulties of undertaking good quality effectiveness research in palliative medicine are well documented. Much of the ethical literature in this area focuses on the vulnerability of the palliative care population. It is clear that a wider ethical approach will need to be used to justify research in the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.022632
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Policy instruments based on the working of markets have been introduced to empower consumers of healthcare. However, it is still not easy to become a critical consumer of healthcare. OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study is to analyse the possibilities of the state to strengthen the position of patients with the...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.030536
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Discussing treatment risks has become increasingly important in medical communication. Still, despite regulations, physicians must decide how much and what kind of information to present. OBJECTIVE:To investigate patients' preference for information about a small risk of a complication of colonoscopy, and w...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025031
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:To explore mental health service users' views of existing and proposed compulsory powers. DESIGN:A qualitative study employing in-depth interviews. Participants were asked to respond to hypothetical questions regarding the application of compulsory powers under the Mental Health Act 1983 for people other th...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1136/jme.2003.004861
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The right not to know is underappreciated in policy-making. Despite its articulation in medical law and ethics, policy-makers too easily let other concerns override the right not to know. This observation is triggered by a recent decision of the Dutch government on embryo selection for Huntington's disease. This is a ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2009.031047
更新日期:2010-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The purpose of this article is to investigate the need for ethics support in Dutch healthcare institutions in order to understand why ethics support is often not used in practice and which factors are relevant in this context. METHODS:This study had a mixed methods design integrating quantitative and qualita...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jme.2010.040626
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Although fair distribution of healthcare services for older patients is an important challenge, qualitative research exploring clinicians' considerations in clinical prioritisation within this field is scarce. OBJECTIVES:To explore how clinicians understand their professional role in clinical prioritisation...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.020693
更新日期:2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:This study aimed to determine the ability to successfully contact past paediatric patients and their families to request participation in research, to assess familial views on the use of previously collected archival clinical samples for research purposes, and to highlight the ethical and practical issues in...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2015-103141
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The notion of consent which rose to the forefront in biomedical ethics as an attempt to safeguard patients' autonomy, is relatively new. The notion itself requires qualification, for it precludes neither duress nor ignorance. More seriously, I argue here that consent is redundant except in situations where paternalism...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.26.3.183
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To determine the views of people with multiple sclerosis (MS) and professionals in relation to confidentiality, consent and access to data within a proposed MS register in the UK. DESIGN:Qualitative study using focus groups (10) and interviews (13). SETTING:England and Northern Ireland. PARTICIPANTS:68 peo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2008.025304
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::This paper makes two main claims: first, that the need to protect health professionals' moral integrity is what grounds the right to conscientious objection in health care; and second, that for a given claim of conscientious objection to be acceptable to society, a certain set of criteria should be fulfilled. The impo...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2011.043646
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The increasing availability of DNA-based diagnostic tests has raised issues about whether these should be applied to the population at large in order to identify, treat or prevent a range of diseases. DNA tests raise concerns in the community for several reasons. There is the possibility of stigmatisation and discrimi...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.25.2.209
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::The emergence several years ago of SARS, with its high rate of infection and death among healthcare workers, resurrected a recurring ethical question: do health professionals have a duty to provide care to patients with deadly infectious diseases, even at some substantial risk to themselves and their families? The con...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2007.022038
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical trials of xenotransplantation (XTx) may begin early in the next decade, with kidneys from genetically modified pigs transplanted into adult humans. If successful, transplanting pig hearts into children with advanced heart failure may be the next step. Typically, clinical trials have a specified end date, and ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2019-105668
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Organs available for transplantation are scarce and valuable medical resources and decisions about who is to receive them should not be made more difficult by complicated calculations of desert. Consideration of likely clinical outcome must always take priority when allocating such a precious resource otherwise there ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.24.3.166
更新日期:1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perimortem gamete retrieval has been a possibility for several decades. It involves the surgical extraction of gametes which can then be cryo-preserved and stored for future use. Usually, the request for perimortem gamete retrieval is made by the patient's partner after the patient himself, or herself, has lost the ca...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101727
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::In summary, the discussion by Professors Helmchen and Müller-Oerlinghausen of the morality of clinical trials has emphasized a point that is frequently overlooked. It is an essential to consider those situations in which it might be unethical not to conduct a trial as it is to be concerned about the ways in which tria...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.1.4.174
更新日期:1975-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::David Shaw's response to Hugh McLachlan's criticism of his proposed new perspective on euthanasia is ineffectual, mistaken and unfair. It is false to say that the latter does not present an argument to support his claim that there is a moral difference between killing and letting die. It is not the consequences alone ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2011.044966
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Many research ethics committees (RECs) have been established in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) in response to increased research in these countries. How well these RECs are functioning remains largely unknown. Our objective was to assess the usefulness of a self-assessment tool in obtaining benchmarki...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/medethics-2013-101587
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several religious traditions are widely believed to advocate the use of life-sustaining treatment in all circumstances. Hence, many believe that these faiths would require the use of a feeding tube in patients with advanced dementia who have lost interest in or the capacity to swallow food. This article explores wheth...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.27.1.12
更新日期:2001-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two general ethical problems in psychiatry are thrown into sharp relief by long term care. This article discusses each in turn, in the context of two anonymised case studies from actual clinical practice. First, previous mental health legislation soothed doubts about patients' refusal of consent by incorporating time ...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.23.5.300
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Robert Veatch has proposed a model of the doctor-patient relationship that has as its foundation the sharing of values between the doctor and the patient. This paper uses qualitative research conducted with six doctors involved in the long term, specialised care of HIV positive patients in South Australia to explore t...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.2002.001560
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Downie comments on Sieghart's article, "Professions as the conscience of society" (Journal of Medical Ethics 1985 Sep; 11(3): 117-122). He charges that Sieghart is blurring empirical, conceptual, and moral claims when he contends that the professional relationship is unique in that "altruism is paramount and self-int...
journal_title:Journal of medical ethics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1136/jme.12.2.64
更新日期:1986-06-01 00:00:00