Abstract:
:The state of etiolation is generally defined by the presence of non-green plastids (etioplasts) in plant tissues that would normally contain chloroplasts. In the commonly used dark-grown seedling system, etiolation is coupled with a type of growth called skotomorphogenesis. Upon illumination, de-etiolation occurs, marked by the transition from etioplast to chloroplast, and, at the seedling level, a switch to photomorphogenic growth. Etiolation and de-etiolation systems are therefore important for understanding both the acquisition of photosynthetic capacity during chloroplast biogenesis and plant responses to light-the most relevant signal in the life and growth of the organism. In this review, we discuss recent discoveries (within the past 2-3 years) in the field of etiolation and de-etiolation, with a particular focus on post-transcriptional processes and ultrastructural changes. We further discuss ambiguities in definitions of the term 'etiolation', and benefits and biases of common etiolation/de-etiolation systems. Finally, we raise several open questions and future research possibilities.
journal_name
J Exp Botjournal_title
Journal of experimental botanyauthors
Armarego-Marriott T,Sandoval-Ibañez O,Kowalewska Łdoi
10.1093/jxb/erz496subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2020-02-19 00:00:00pages
1215-1225issue
4eissn
0022-0957issn
1460-2431pii
5680819journal_volume
71pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) is a widespread phenomenon in flowering plants caused by mitochondrial (mt) genes. CMS genes typically encode novel proteins that interfere with mt functions and can be silenced by nuclear fertility-restorer genes. Although the molecular basis of CMS is well established in a number of ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx057
更新日期:2017-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are plant metabolic and signaling molecules involved in responses to various external stresses, but the existence of ROS receptors and how plants respond to ROS remain largely unknown. Here we report that the plasma membrane-localized phospholipase D δ (PLDδ) protein is crucial for sensin...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa359
更新日期:2020-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::PaHB1 (for Picea abies Homeobox1), an evolutionarily conserved HD-GL2 homeobox gene, specifically expressed in the protoderm during somatic embryogenesis in the gymnosperm Norway spruce has been reported previously. An additional HD-GL2 gene designated PaHB2 is reported here. During somatic embryogenesis, the PaHB2 ge...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erg145
更新日期:2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gametophytic self-incompatibility (GSI) is controlled by a complex S locus containing the pistil determinant S-RNase and pollen determinant SFB/SLF. Tight linkage of the pistil and pollen determinants is necessary to guarantee the self-incompatibility (SI) function. However, multiple probable pollen determinants of ap...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers176
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Drought-stressed plants display reduced stomatal conductance, which results in increased leaf temperature by limiting transpiration. In this study, thermal imaging was used to quantify the differences in canopy temperature under drought in a rice diversity panel consisting of 293 indica accessions. The population was ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz527
更新日期:2020-02-19 00:00:00
abstract::The protein encoded by the Arabidopsis At3g55360 gene was selected as a candidate for the enoyl reductase of the microsomal elongase system based on its homology to the Tsc13p protein of S. cerevisiae. The studies presented here demonstrate that heterologous expression of At3g55360 functionally complements the tempera...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erh061
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Root climbers such as English ivy (Hedera helix) rely on specialized adventitious roots for attachment, enabling the plants to climb on a wide range of natural and artificial substrates. Despite their importance for the climbing habit, the biomechanical properties of these specialized adventitious roots compared with ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/err260
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The plant-specific NAC transcription factors have attracted particular attention because of their involvement in stress responses, senescence, and nutrient remobilization. The HvNAC005 gene of barley encodes a protein belonging to subgroup NAC-a6 of the NAC family. This study shows that HvNAC005 is associated with dev...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw286
更新日期:2016-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent work has made progress in relating the size of stomata to stomatal functioning and, in particular, the speed of opening and closing and its implications. Calculations of the influence of stomatal size on the potential rate of osmolarity increase, assuming size-independent ion influx rate per unit area of guard ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru032
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Insect egg deposition activates plant defence, but very little is known about signalling events that control this response. In Arabidopsis thaliana, oviposition by Pieris brassicae triggers salicylic acid (SA) accumulation and induces the expression of defence genes. This is similar to the recognition of pathogen-asso...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers362
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intact coconuts were germinated in situ and compared with excised zygotic embryos germinated in vitro. The growth of the embryonic tissue and their fatty acid compositions were measured. Haustoria, plumules and radicles of coconuts germinated in situ grew continuously and proportionately throughout the 120 d experimen...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jexbot/52.358.933
更新日期:2001-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The garden pea has been a model for the genetics of flowering for several decades and numerous flowering loci have been identified, but until recently little was known about the molecular nature of these loci. This paper presents an update on recent work on the molecular genetics of flowering in pea, outlining progres...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp120
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The phenomenal increase in agricultural yields that we have witnessed in the last century has slowed down as we approach the limits of selective breeding and optimization of cultivation techniques. To support the yield increase required to feed an ever-growing population, we will have to identify new ways to boost the...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erz029
更新日期:2019-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Cell wall apposition (CWA) formation is one of the first lines of defence used by plants to halt invading fungi such as powdery mildew. Lignin is a complex polymer of hydroxylated and methoxylated phenylpropane units (monolignols) and lignification renders the cell wall more resistant to pathogen attack. The role of m...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern290
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leaf angle (LA) is a critical agronomic trait in maize, with more upright leaves allowing higher planting density, leading to more efficient light capture and higher yields. A few genes responsible for variation in LA have been identified by map-based cloning. In this study, we cloned maize ZmIBH1-1, which encodes a b...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa052
更新日期:2020-05-30 00:00:00
abstract::Polycomb group (PcG) proteins are evolutionarily conserved chromatin modifiers that regulate developmental pathways in plants. PcGs form nuclear multi-subunit Polycomb Repressive Complexes (PRCs). The PRC2 complex mediates gene repression via methylation of lysine 27 on histone H3, which consequently leads to chromati...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erw373
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salinity does not only stress plants but also challenges human life and the economy by posing severe constraints upon agriculture. To understand salt adaptation strategies of plants, it is central to extend agricultural production to salt-affected soils. Despite high impact and intensive research, it has been difficul...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/eru159
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Auxin is an important regulator of many aspects of plant growth and development. During reproductive development, auxin specifies the site of flower initiation and subsequently regulates organ growth and patterning as well as later events that determine reproductive success. Underlying auxin action in plant tissues is...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/err127
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate carboxylase/oxygenase (RuBisCO) is the key enzyme in the fixation of CO(2) in the Calvin cycle of plants. Many genome projects have revealed that bacteria, including Bacillus subtilis, possess genes for proteins that are similar to the large subunit of RuBisCO. These RuBisCO homologues are ca...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern104
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Improving photosynthesis is considered a promising way to increase crop yield to feed a growing population. Realizing this goal requires non-destructive techniques to quantify photosynthetic variation among crop cultivars. Despite existing remote sensing-based approaches, it remains a question whether solar-induced fl...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/eraa537
更新日期:2020-12-19 00:00:00
abstract::Small signalling peptides have emerged as important cell to cell messengers in plant development and stress responses. However, only a few of the predicted peptides have been functionally characterized. Here, we present functional characterization of two members of the IDA-LIKE (IDL) peptide family in Arabidopsis thal...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/erx168
更新日期:2017-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascades are involved in various processes from plant growth and development to biotic and abiotic stress responses. MAPK kinases (MAPKKs), which link MAPKs and MAPKK kinases (MAPKKKs), play crucial roles in MAPK cascades to mediate a variety of stress responses in plants. Howev...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers086
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Capsella is a small genus within the mustard family (Brassicaceae). Its three species, however, show many evolutionary trends also observed in other Brassicaceae (including Arabidopsis) and far beyond, including transitions from a diploid, self-incompatible, obligatory outcrossing species with comparatively large and ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erl158
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A cDNA clone encoding a 64-amino acid type 3 metallothionein protein, designated GhMT3a, was isolated from cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) by cDNA library screening. Northern blot analysis indicated that mRNA accumulation of GhMT3a was up-regulated not only by high salinity, drought, and low temperature stresses, but also...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ern291
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Linking our understanding of biological processes at different scales is a major conceptual challenge in biology and aggravated by differences in research methods. Modelling can be a useful approach to consolidating our understanding across traditional research domains. The laboratory model species Arabidopsis is very...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ery394
更新日期:2019-04-29 00:00:00
abstract::alpha4-Fucosylation represents a final step of protein N- glycosylation. alpha4-fucosylated N-glycans are thought to be involved in cell-to-cell communication and recognition in primates and plants. Nevertheless, in the plant life cycle, the function of alpha4-fucosylation remains largely unknown. To gain an insight i...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jexbot/53.373.1429
更新日期:2002-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plant growth and development are ensured through networks of complex regulatory schemes. Genetic approaches have been invaluable in dissecting these regulatory pathways. This study reports the isolation of a semi-dominant dwarf mutant designated abnormal shoot1-1 dominant (abs1-1D) through an Arabidopsis T-DNA activat...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ers227
更新日期:2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::The floral repressor APETALA2 (AP2) in Arabidopsis regulates flowering through the age pathway. The AP2 ortholog in the alpine perennial Arabis alpina, PERPETUAL FLOWERING 2 (PEP2), was previously reported to control flowering through the vernalization pathway via enhancing the expression of another floral repressor P...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/ery423
更新日期:2019-02-05 00:00:00
abstract::The nature and effect of the stresses on root growth in crops subject to drying is reviewed. Drought is a complex stress, impacting on plant growth in a number of interacting ways. In response, there are a number of ways in which the growing plant is able to adapt to or alleviate these stresses. It is suggested that t...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1093/jxb/erp200
更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present study abscisic acid-induced stomatal closing, and malate effects on stomatal apertures were analysed in the presence of guard cell ion channel regulators. A recent study has suggested that abscisic acid (ABA) activation of protein kinases and/or inhibition of protein phosphatases may be central to activ...
journal_title:Journal of experimental botany
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1093/jxb/48.Special_Issue.539
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00