Treatment for benign thyroid nodules with a combination of natural extracts.

Abstract:

:Benign thyroid nodules are among the most common endocrine disorders. Recent advances in diagnostic imaging and pathology have significantly contributed to better risk stratification of thyroid nodules. However, current treatment options, beyond surgical approaches are limited. The following placebo-controlled study presents, to the best of our knowledge, the first results of a non-invasive therapy for benign thyroid nodules. The efficacy and safety of a supplement containing spirulina, curcumin and Boswellia in euthyroid patients with benign thyroid nodules, was assessed by a 3 month, double-blind, placebo-controlled study which was completed by 34 patients. Patients with benign (FNAB documented) single thyroid nodules between 2 and 5 cm were evaluated in a prospective placebo-controlled cross-over trial, across 12 weeks (3 visits with six-week intervals). At each visit, the target thyroid nodule was recorded in two dimensions. In addition, plasma levels of thyroid stimulating hormone, free thyroxine and copper were assessed. The mean initial nodule area at V1 was 4.38±3.14 cm2, at V2 3.87±2.79 cm2, and at V3 3.53±2.84 cm2; P<0.04. Administration of the active substances (n=34) was followed by a mean area decrease of 0.611 cm2±0.933 (SD), while placebo administration (n=29) was followed by a mean decrease of 0.178 cm2±0.515 (SD), (P=0.027). The presented findings suggest that the combination of spirulina-curcumin-Βoswellia is effective in reducing the size of benign thyroid nodules. However, additional studies are needed in order to elucidate the exact mechanisms through which the suggested supplement facilitates a decrease in the size of benign thyroid nodules.

journal_name

Mol Med Rep

authors

Stancioiu F,Mihai D,Papadakis GZ,Tsatsakis A,Spandidos DA,Badiu C

doi

10.3892/mmr.2019.10453

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2019-09-01 00:00:00

pages

2332-2338

issue

3

eissn

1791-2997

issn

1791-3004

journal_volume

20

pub_type

临床试验,杂志文章
  • Establishment of an optimized PCR method using sequence-specific primers for screening multiple gene polymorphisms simultaneously.

    abstract::The present study aimed to explore the factors that affect polymerase chain reaction using sequence-specific primers (PCR-SSP) and to establish an optimized PCR-SSP method for detecting multiple gene polymorphisms simultaneously. The amplification system parameters, including the concentrations of Mg2+, dNTPs, pfu Taq...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2012.1122

    authors: Yang R,Zhang JH,Yuan GY

    更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00

  • Th17 cells are associated with the Th1/Th2‑cell balance during Echinococcus multilocularis infection.

    abstract::The present study investigated the immunopathological effect of Echinococcus multilocularis (Em) using cytokine detection. Expression of the T‑helper (Th) 17‑cytokine, interleukin 17 (IL‑17), was observed using immunohistochemical staining, and levels of cytokines, including IL‑17, transforming growth factor β1 (TGF‑β...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2170

    authors: Ma X,Wang L,Zhao H,Pang N,Zhang F,Jiang T,Liu X,Mamuti W,Wen H,Ding J

    更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00

  • Comparison of the PI3KCA pathway in circulating tumor cells and corresponding tumor tissue of patients with metastatic breast cancer.

    abstract::The aim of the present study was to compare the phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3KCA)-AKT serine/threonine kinase (AKT) pathway in circulating tumor cells (CTCs) and corresponding cancerous tissues. Stemness‑like circulating tumor cells (slCTCs) and CTCs in epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) have been implicated...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6415

    authors: Bredemeier M,Kasimir-Bauer S,Kolberg HC,Herold T,Synoracki S,Hauch S,Edimiris P,Bankfalvi A,Tewes M,Kimmig R,Aktas B

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • Influence of cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 polymorphisms on the outcomes of hepatitis B virus infection.

    abstract::Cytotoxic T lymphocyte-associated antigen 4 (CTLA-4) regulates T-cell activation and Th1/Th2 cytokine production and is involved in the immune response against Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection. To detect the association of the CTLA-4 gene polymorphisms with susceptibility to HBV infection a hospital-based case-contro...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1825

    authors: Chen M,Chang Y,Tang F,Xie QH,Li J,Yang H,He XX,Lin JS

    更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00

  • Effect of TFAM on ATP content in tachypacing primary cultured cardiomyocytes and atrial fibrillation patients.

    abstract::Atrial fibrillation (AF) is one of the most common types of arrhythmia worldwide; although a number of theories have been proposed to explain the mechanisms of AF, the treatment of AF is far from satisfactory. Energy metabolism is associated with the development of AF. Mitochondrial transcription factor A (TFAM) serve...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11593

    authors: Liu Y,Zhao Y,Tang R,Jiang X,Wang Y,Gu T

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Distinct roles of two alternative splice variants of matrilin-2 in protein oligomerization and proteolysis.

    abstract::Matrilin-2 (matn2) contains a unique domain, between the second von Willebrand factor A (vWFA) domain and the C-terminal coiled-coil domain, with no sequence homology with other family members. Complementary DNA (cDNA) sequence analysis of matn2 expression in both mice and humans re...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2012.1056

    authors: Li L,Zhang L,Shao Y,Wang G,Gong R,Wang Z,Peng J,Wang S,Genochio D,Zhao B,Luo J

    更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00

  • Angiopoietin-like protein 4 improves glucose tolerance and insulin resistance but induces liver steatosis in high-fat-diet mice.

    abstract::Angiopoietin-like protein 4 (Angptl4) is a secreted protein predominantly expressed in liver and adipose tissues, and has been identified as an adipokine. Angptl4 is the target gene of peroxisome proliferator‑activated receptors, which are widely used as lipid‑lowering and anti‑diabetic drugs, and previous studies hav...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5637

    authors: Wang Y,Liu LM,Wei L,Ye WW,Meng XY,Chen F,Xiao Q,Chen JY,Zhou Y

    更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00

  • An outbreak of HCV genotype 6a and 2a infection in South China: Confirmation of iatrogenic transmission by phylogenetic analysis of the NS5B region.

    abstract::An outbreak of hepatitis C virus (HCV) infections, for which the risk factor was unknown, was previously identified in North Guangdong, China. In the present study, a total of 736 local residents were surveyed regarding their lifetime risk factors for HCV infection. Serum anti‑HCV antibodies and HCV RNA were examined ...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5737

    authors: Shao X,Luo Q,Cai Q,Zhang F,Zhu J,Liu Y,Zhao Z,Gao Z,Zhang X

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • Overexpression of CCDC34 in colorectal cancer and its involvement in tumor growth, apoptosis and invasion.

    abstract::It has been previously reported that increased expression of coiled‑coil domain containing 34 (CCDC34), a member of the CCDCs family, may promote the proliferation and invasion of bladder cancer cells. However, its role in colorectal cancer (CRC) remains unclear. The present study investigated CCDC34 expression in CRC...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7860

    authors: Geng W,Liang W,Fan Y,Ye Z,Zhang L

    更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00

  • Alterations in the expression of Hs1-associated protein X-1 in the rat retina after optic nerve crush.

    abstract::HS-1-associated protein X-1 (Hax-1) has been suggested to be expressed in various rodent and human tissues. Accumulating evidence has demonstrated that Hax‑1 exerts an anti‑apoptotic effect in neurological diseases. Furthermore, it has also been reported that Hax‑1 interacts with various apoptosis‑associated proteins,...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5824

    authors: Cui L,He WJ,Xu F,Jiang L,Lv ML,Huang H,Xu JP,Wu Y,Zhong HB,Zhang SY,Chen LF,Shen CL,Yao G,Li L,Li M,Zeng SM

    更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00

  • MicroRNA-22 is downregulated in clear cell renal cell carcinoma, and inhibits cell growth, migration and invasion by targeting PTEN.

    abstract::MicroRNA (miR)-22 has previously been reported to be frequently downregulated in certain types of cancer. The present study examined the expression and effects of miR-22 in renal cell carcinoma (RCC). The results indicated that miR‑22 was downregulated in tumor tissue from patients with RCC. In addition, lower miR‑22 ...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5101

    authors: Fan W,Huang J,Xiao H,Liang Z

    更新日期:2016-06-01 00:00:00

  • Knockdown of yes-associated protein inhibits proliferation and downregulates large tumor suppressor 1 expression in MHCC97H human hepatocellular carcinoma cells.

    abstract::The pathogenesis of hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is thought to involve the interaction of numerous genes. Identification of these genes and proteins which regulate liver carcinogenesis is critical for the exploration of novel targeted therapies. Yes‑associated protein (YAP) and large tumor suppressor 1 (LATS1) are a...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.3257

    authors: Wang C,Zhu ZM,Liu CL,He XJ,Zhang HY,Dong JH

    更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00

  • Acetylpuerarin increases cell viability and reduces apoptosis in rat hippocampal neurons following oxygen‑glucose deprivation/reperfusion.

    abstract::The effects of acetylpuerarin treatment following oxygen-glucose deprivation/reperfusion (OGD/R) were examined in rat hippocampal neurons in vitro and compared with the effects of acetylpuerarin in normoxic cells to confirm acetylpuerarin's potential neuroprotective effects, including apoptosis inhibition. Wistar rat ...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2013.1671

    authors: Liu DM,Wang ZH,Liu L,Zhang XM,Lou FL

    更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00

  • p75 neurotrophin receptor: A potential surface marker of tongue squamous cell carcinoma stem cells.

    abstract::The present study detected p75 neurotrophin receptor (p75NTR) expression in tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) cell lines, in order to define the biological properties of p75NTR+ cells and to confirm the use of p75NTR+ as a surface marker for TSCC stem cells. p75NTR+ cells were separated from Tca‑8113 and CAL‑27 TS...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6291

    authors: Tong D,Sun J,Huang P,Li M,Zhang F

    更新日期:2017-05-01 00:00:00

  • Overexpression of TG2 enhances the differentiation of ectomesenchymal stem cells into neuron‑like cells and promotes functional recovery in adult rats following spinal cord injury.

    abstract::Ectomesenchymal stem cells (EMSCs) represent a type of adult stem cells derived from the cranial neural crest. These cells are capable of self‑renewal and have the potential for multidirectional differentiation. Tissue transglutaminase type 2 (TG2) is a ubiquitously expressed member of the transglutaminase family of C...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2019.10502

    authors: Shi W,Que Y,Lv D,Bi S,Xu Z,Wang D,Zhang Z

    更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00

  • Quercetin enhances adriamycin cytotoxicity through induction of apoptosis and regulation of mitogen-activated protein kinase/extracellular signal-regulated kinase/c-Jun N-terminal kinase signaling in multidrug-resistant leukemia K562 cells.

    abstract::Multidrug resistance (MDR) has become a significant challenge in chemotherapeutic treatment of cancer. Quercetin, a naturally occurring flavonoid, has been found to possess anti-proliferative, anti-inflammatory and immunoregulatory bioactivities. The present study was performed to examine the effect of quercetin on hu...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2734

    authors: Chen FY,Cao LF,Wan HX,Zhang MY,Cai JY,Shen LJ,Zhong JH,Zhong H

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • MicroRNA-106a confers cisplatin resistance in non-small cell lung cancer A549 cells by targeting adenosine triphosphatase-binding cassette A1.

    abstract::MicroRNAs (miRNAs) have been discovered to have pivotal roles in regulating the drug resistance of various types of human cancer, including cisplatin (DDP) resistance in non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Fewer studies have explored the roles of miR-106a in NSCLC-cell resistance to DDP and its precise molecular mecha...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2688

    authors: Ma Y,Li X,Cheng S,Wei W,Li Y

    更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00

  • Cathepsin B aggravated doxorubicin‑induced myocardial injury via NF‑κB signalling.

    abstract::Myocyte apoptosis and oxidative stress key critical roles in the process of doxorubicin (DOX)‑induced cardiotoxicity. However, how apoptosis and oxidative stress arise in DOX‑induced heart injury remains largely unknown. Cathepsin B (CTSB) is a typical lysosomal cysteine protease that is associated with apoptosis, inf...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2020.11583

    authors: Liu C,Cai Z,Hu T,Yao Q,Zhang L

    更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00

  • Immunogenicity of Cpn0425 and its localization in cells infected with Chlamydophila pneumoniae.

    abstract::The present study aimed to determine the intracellular localization of Cpn0425 in Chlamydophila pneumoniae-infected cells. The recombinant plasmid pGEX-6p/Cpn0425 was transformed into E.coli Bl21 cells to express the fusion protein. Following purification with glutathione S-transfer...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2012.1083

    authors: Liu L,You X,Chen L,Zeng Y,Tang S,Yu M,Wu Y,Xhen X

    更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00

  • Inhibition of BTK protects lungs from trauma-hemorrhagic shock-induced injury in rats.

    abstract::The present study aimed to investigate the role of Bruton's tyrosine kinase (BTK) in the pathogenesis of lung injury induced by trauma‑hemorrhagic shock (THS), and to examine the pulmonary protective effects of BTK inhibition. Male Sprague‑Dawley rats were divided into four groups (n=12/group): i) A Sham group, which ...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6553

    authors: Liu X,Zhang J,Han W,Wang Y,Liu Y,Zhang Y,Zhou D,Xiang L

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Hepatitis C virus p7 induces mitochondrial depolarization of isolated liver mitochondria.

    abstract::Hepatitis C virus (HCV)‑encoded protein p7 is a viroporin that acts as an ion channel and is indispensable for HCV particle production. Although the main target of HCV p7 is the endoplasmic reticulum, it also targets mitochondria. HCV‑infected cells show mitochondrial depolarization and ATP depletion; however, the fun...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7809

    authors: You DG,Lee HR,Kim WK,Kim HJ,Lee GY,Yoo YD

    更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00

  • Synergistic neuroprotective effect of microglial‑conditioned media treated with geniposide and ginsenoside Rg1 on hypoxia injured neurons.

    abstract::The synergistic mechanism underlying the effects of multi‑component combined drug use for complex diseases remains to be fully elucidated. Microglial activation following ischemia can either affect neural survival or cause neuronal injury. The aim of the present study was to determine the synergistic effect of genipos...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2015.4094

    authors: Wang J,Hou J,Lei H,Fu J,Pan Y,Liu J

    更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of differentially expressed genes between lung adenocarcinoma and lung squamous cell carcinoma by gene expression profiling.

    abstract::The present study aimed to identify the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between lung adenocarcinoma and normal lung tissues, and between lung squamous cell carcinoma and normal lung tissues, with the purpose of identifying potential biomarkers for the treatment of lung cancer. The gene expression profile (GSE604...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5420

    authors: Lu C,Chen H,Shan Z,Yang L

    更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00

  • Flow control effect of necrostatin-1 on cell death of the NRK-52E renal tubular epithelial cell line.

    abstract::Apoptosis and necroptosis occur in renal tubular epithelial cell (RTEC) death in acute kidney injury (AKI), and may be regulated by several methods. The present study identified a protective effect of necrostatin‑1 (Nec‑1) on RTECs via a flow-control-like effect. The results established a hypoxic‑ischemic injury model...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6556

    authors: Luo J,Tao Y,Liang X,Chen Y,Zhang L,Jiang F,Liu S,Ye Z,Li Z,Shi W

    更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00

  • Ephrin type‑A receptor 2 regulates sensitivity to paclitaxel in nasopharyngeal carcinoma via the phosphoinositide 3‑kinase/Akt signalling pathway.

    abstract::Ephrin type‑A receptor 2 (EphA2) is a receptor tyrosine kinase that is associated with cancer cell metastasis. There has been little investigation into its impact on the regulation of sensitivity to paclitaxel in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC). In the present study, upregulation of EphA2 expression enhanced the surviv...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2014.2799

    authors: Wang Y,Liu Y,Li G,Su Z,Ren S,Tan P,Zhang X,Qiu Y,Tian Y

    更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00

  • STRA6 as a possible candidate gene for pathogenesis of osteoporosis from RNA‑seq analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells.

    abstract::To identify novel candidate genes associated with osteoporosis, RNA‑sequence analysis of human mesenchymal stem cells (hMSCs) from patients with osteoporosis (G3) and osteopenia (G2), and healthy controls (G1) was performed. Differentially expressed genes (DEGs) from among the three groups were identified. DEGs were s...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.7072

    authors: Song I,Choi YJ,Jin Y,Kim JW,Koh JT,Ji HM,Jeong SY,Won YY,Kim W,Chung YS

    更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00

  • BMP‑7 suppresses excessive scar formation by activating the BMP‑7/Smad1/5/8 signaling pathway.

    abstract::Scarring is the inevitable consequence of wound repair, which may cause significant physical and mental pain to patients when excessive. Bone morphogenetic protein‑7 (BMP‑7) has been proved to inhibit TGF‑β‑induced fibrosis in various tissues including dermal papilla cells. However, the effect of BMP‑7 on hypertrophic...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6779

    authors: Guo J,Lin Q,Shao Y,Rong L,Zhang D

    更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00

  • Profiling lethal factor interacting proteins from human stomach using T7 phage display screening.

    abstract::The anthrax lethal factor (LF) is a zinc dependent metalloproteinase that cleaves the majority of mitogen-activated protein kinase kinases and a member of NOD-like receptor proteins, inducing cell apoptosis. Despite efforts to fully understand the Bacillus anthracis toxin components, the gastrointestinal (GI) anthrax ...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5031

    authors: Cardona-Correa A,Rios-Velazquez C

    更新日期:2016-05-01 00:00:00

  • IQGAP1‑siRNA inhibits proliferation and metastasis of U251 and U373 glioma cell lines.

    abstract::IQ motif containing GTPase activating protein 1 (IQGAP1) is a scaffold protein, which is aberrantly expressed in several tumor types and is closely associated with the development, metastasis and prognosis of cancer. Several studies have demonstrated that IQGAP1 has broad prospects in the basic and clinical research o...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2017.6257

    authors: Diao B,Liu Y,Zhang Y,Yu J,Xie J,Xu GZ

    更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00

  • Identification of key genes induced by platelet-rich plasma in human dermal papilla cells using bioinformatics methods.

    abstract::Dermal papilla cells (DPCs) are located at the base of hair follicles, and are known to induce hair follicle regeneration. Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) functions in hair follicle regeneration. To investigate the influence of PRP on DPCs, the present study analyzed RNA‑seq data of human hair dermal papilla cells (HHDPCs)...

    journal_title:Molecular medicine reports

    pub_type: 杂志文章

    doi:10.3892/mmr.2016.5988

    authors: Shen H,Cheng H,Chen H,Zhang J

    更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00