Abstract:
:The biodegradation of tert-butylphenyl diphenyl phosphate (BPDP) was examined in microcosms containing sediment and water from five different ecosystems as part of our studies to elucidate the environmental fate of phosphate ester flame retardants. Biodegradation of [14C]BPDP was monitored in the environmental microcosms by measuring the evolution of 14CO2. Over 37% of BPDP was mineralized after 8 weeks in microcosms from an ecosystem which had chronic exposure to agricultural chemicals. In contrast, only 1.7% of BPDP was degraded to 14CO2 in samples collected from a noncontaminated site. The exposure concentration of BPDP affected the percentage which was degraded to 14CO2 in microcosms from the two most active ecosystems. Mineralization was highest at a concentration of 0.1 mg of BPDP and was inhibited with 10- and 100-fold higher concentrations of BPDP in these microcosms. Indigenous heterotrophic and BPDP-utilizing microbial populations and phosphoesterase enzyme activities were highest in sediments which had the highest biodegradation of BPDP. We observed adaptive increases in both microbial populations and phosphoesterase enzymes in some sediments acclimated to BPDP. Chemical analyses of the residues in the microcosms indicated undegraded BPDP and minor amounts of phenol, tert-butylphenol, diphenyl phosphate, and triphenyl phosphate as biodegradation products. These data suggest that the microbial degradation of BPDP results from at least three catabolic processes and is highest when low concentrations of BPDP are exposed to sediment microorganisms of eutrophic ecosystems which have high phosphotri- and diesterase activities and previous exposure to anthropogenic chemicals.
journal_name
Appl Environ Microbioljournal_title
Applied and environmental microbiologyauthors
Heitkamp MA,Freeman JP,Cerniglia CEdoi
10.1128/AEM.51.2.316-322.1986subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1986-02-01 00:00:00pages
316-22issue
2eissn
0099-2240issn
1098-5336journal_volume
51pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Current models suggest that (i) filamentous bacteria are protected against predation by nanoflagellates, (ii) prey size is positively correlated with prey-predator contact probability, and (iii) contact probability is mainly responsible for size-selective predation by interception-feeding flagellates. We used five str...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.70.1.332-339.2004
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::A dot blot hybridization procedure with 32P-labeled whole chromosomal DNA of the type strains as probes was developed as a rapid and simple method for identification of intestinal Bacteroides species. Bacterial cells were fixed onto membrane filters by slight suction, treated with 0.5 N NaOH, and hybridized with these...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.5.1158-1162.1988
更新日期:1988-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Analysis of electron spin resonance spectra of 5-doxyl stearic acid in aqueous suspensions of Clostridium acetobutylicum ATCC 824 and the butanol-tolerant SA-2 derivative during a small-scale fermentation at three different butanol challenge levels indicated that the SA-2 strain is able to respond to the physical flui...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.55.10.2729-2731.1989
更新日期:1989-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Comparative genomics have revealed massive horizontal gene transfer (HGT) between Mycoplasma species sharing common ruminant hosts. Further results pointed toward an integrative conjugative element (ICE) as an important contributor of HGT in the small-ruminant-pathogen Mycoplasma agalactiae. To estimate the prevalence...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.03723-14
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02140-06
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abstract::Acid-adapted strains of Escherichia coli K-12 W3110 were obtained by serial culture in medium buffered at pH 4.6 (M. M. Harden, A. He, K. Creamer, M. W. Clark, I. Hamdallah, K. A. Martinez, R. L. Kresslein, S. P. Bush, and J. L. Slonczewski, Appl Environ Microbiol 81:1932-1941, 2015, https://doi.org/10.1128/AEM.03494-...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00442-17
更新日期:2017-05-31 00:00:00
abstract::Laboratory-grown strains of chemoautotrophic Thiomicrospira sp. strain L-12 and Thiobacillus neapolitanus produced cell carbon that was 24.6 to 25.1 ppt (24.6 to 25.1 mg/g) lower in C isotope abundance than the ambient source of carbon dioxide and bicarbonate. This degree of C isotope depletion was comparable to that ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.8.1940-1943.1987
更新日期:1987-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Bacillus cereus endospores germinate in response to particular nutrients. Spores are able to sense these nutrients in the environment by receptors encoded by the gerA family of operons. Analysis of the Bacillus cereus ATCC 14579 genome revealed seven gerA family homologues. Using a transposon Tn917-based insertional m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.71.2.774-781.2005
更新日期:2005-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Plasmid constructs pNW1 through pNW6 containing a controllable xylE gene (for catechol 2,3-dioxygenase) were introduced into Streptomyces lividans strains to provide a selectable marker system. xylE functions in S. lividans under the control of bacteriophage lambda promoters lambda pL and lambda pR. Thermoregulated ex...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.57.11.3322-3330.1991
更新日期:1991-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seven Azospirillum strains induced more deformation of root hairs of wheat than did strains of Rhizobium leguminosarum, Azotobacter chroococcum, or Escherichia coli. Azospirillum sp. strain Sp245 caused the most deformation. Strain Sp245 (isolated from surface sterile roots of wheat) and strain Sp7 (isolated from the ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.48.6.1208-1213.1984
更新日期:1984-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Salmonella typhimurium accumulates glutamate in response to osmotic stress. Cells in aerobic exponential growth have an intracellular pool of approximately 125 nmol of glutamate mg of protein-1. When cells were grown in minimal medium with 500 mM NaCl, KCl, or sucrose, 290 to 430 nmol of glutamate was found to accumul...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.60.7.2568-2574.1994
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::A PCR-based method and a reverse transcriptase PCR (RT-PCR)-based method were developed for the detection of pathogenic bacteria in organic waste, using Salmonella spp., Listeria monocytogenes, Yersinia enterocolitica, and Staphylococcus aureus as model organisms. In seeded organic waste samples, detection limits of l...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.69.8.4618-4627.2003
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The N-chloramine compound 3-chloro-4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazolidinone (agent I) has been compared with calcium hypochlorite as to its efficacy as a bactericide for the treatment of water. The study included concentration, contact time, pH, temperature, and water quality as controlled variables. The species of bacteria teste...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.49.3.637-643.1985
更新日期:1985-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Several Bacillus and Paenibacillus species were isolated from Fe and Mn oxide minerals precipitating at a deep subsurface oxic-anoxic interface at Henderson Molybdenum Mine, Empire, CO. The isolates were investigated for their Mn(II)-oxidizing potential and interrogated for possession of the mnxG gene, a gene that cod...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.00540-08
更新日期:2008-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01749-13
更新日期:2013-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A method was developed to follow bacterial nitrate reduction in freshwater sediments by using common high-performance liquid chromatographic equipment. The low detection limit (14 pmol) of the method enabled us to study concentration profiles and reaction kinetics under natural conditions. Significant nitrate concentr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.2.217-223.1987
更新日期:1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Phomenoic acid and phomenolactone, previously isolated from the fungus Phoma lingam (Tode) Desm., have shown moderate antifungal and antibacterial properties in vitro. To rationalize the production of phomenoic acid, a kinetic study of its biosynthesis in the mycelium was performed. Phomenoic acid and phomenolactone a...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.53.5.966-968.1987
更新日期:1987-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::An extracellular protein with strong absorption at 406 nm was purified from cell-free culture fluid of latex-grown Xanthomonas sp. strain 35Y. This protein was identical to the gene product of a recently characterized gene cloned from Xanthomonas sp., as revealed by determination of m/z values and sequencing of select...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.70.12.7388-7395.2004
更新日期:2004-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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更新日期:2006-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
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doi:10.1128/AEM.71.12.8836-8845.2005
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two different Cd(2+) uptake systems were identified in Lactobacillus plantarum. One is a high-affinity, high-velocity Mn(2+) uptake system which also takes up Cd(2+) and is induced by Mn(2+) starvation. The calculated K(m) and V(max) are 0.26 microM and 3.6 micromol g of dry cell(-1) min(-1), respectively. Unlike Mn(2...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.65.11.4741-4745.1999
更新日期:1999-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Lactase (beta-d-galactosidase) was produced by Candida pseudotropicalis grown in deproteinized whey. Maximum enzyme production in 2% whey was obtained by supplementation with 0.15% yeast extract, 0.1% (NH(4))(2)SO(4), and 0.05% KH(2)PO(4) (wt/vol). Highest enzyme values (4.35 U/mg of cells and 68 U/ml) were obtained w...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.37.6.1201-1205.1979
更新日期:1979-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of CO2 availability on cell size, shape, and aggregation in continuous cultures of Candida utilis was studied in minimal medium with glucose or ethanol as the sole carbon and energy source. Enrichment with CO2 was achieved (i) by using the substrate with more C atoms, (ii) by using pure oxygen and thus decr...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.40.5.855-861.1980
更新日期:1980-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Saccharomyces cerevisiae normally cannot assimilate mannitol, a promising brown macroalgal carbon source for bioethanol production. The molecular basis of this inability remains unknown. We found that cells capable of assimilating mannitol arose spontaneously from wild-type S. cerevisiae during prolonged culture in ma...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.02906-14
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Isolated rumen bacteria were examined for growth and, where appropriate, for their ability to degrade cellulose in the presence of the hydroxycinnamic acids trans-p-coumaric acid and trans-ferulic acid and the hydroxybenzoic acids vanillic acid and 4-hydroxybenzoic acid. Ferulic and p-coumaric acids proved to be the m...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.44.3.597-603.1982
更新日期:1982-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cyanobacterial blooms are potential health hazards in water supply reservoirs. This paper reports analyses of a cyanobacterial bloom by use of PCR-based methods for direct detection and identification of strains present and determination of their toxigenicity. Serial samples from Malpas Dam, in the New England region ...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/aem.68.12.6070-6076.2002
更新日期:2002-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::A total of 25 marine caulobacters were isolated from littoral marine sources. Several aspects of their physiology and morphology were examined, as well as their suitability for genetic manipulation in laboratory cultivation. Caulobacters were readily isolated from all sources, including samples from areas containing p...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.54.3.809-817.1988
更新日期:1988-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Many insects are associated with heritable symbionts that mediate ecological interactions, including host protection against natural enemies. The cowpea aphid, Aphis craccivora, is a polyphagous pest that harbors Hamiltonella defensa, which defends against parasitic wasps. Despite this protective benefit, this symbion...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.01775-14
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The key enzymes and pathways involved in polyhydroxyalkanoate (PHA) biosynthesis in haloarchaea have been identified in recent years, but the haloarchaeal enzymes for PHA degradation remain unknown. In this study, a patatin-like PHA depolymerase, PhaZh1, was determined to be located on the PHA granules in the haloarch...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.04269-14
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Two isolates of enterohemorrhagic Escherichia coli (EHEC) O104:H4 were isolated in France in 2004 and 2009. Both were characterized and compared to the strain which caused the German outbreak in 2011 and to other O104:H4 strains. This suggests that different O104:H4 EHEC strains were present several years prior to the...
journal_title:Applied and environmental microbiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1128/AEM.06524-11
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00