Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) have an increased risk of hyperkalemia that increases both short-term and long-term mortality. Historically, managing hyperkalemia has relied upon dietary modifications, augmentation of urinary potassium excretion and enhanced enteral potassium elimination. This review discusses current treatments and their limitations and summarizes the evidence supporting novel agents for potassium lowering in patients with CKD. RECENT FINDINGS:The introduction of two novel ion exchange resins represents the first new pharmacologic therapies for hyperkalemia in the last 50 years. Patiromer, which was recently approved for use in the United States, has been shown to be well tolerated and effective for decreasing serum potassium in patients with CKD when taken for up to a year. Sodium zirconium cyclosilicate for which approval is pending has also shown promise in treating both acute and chronic hyperkalemia in patients with CKD. Both medications have been well tolerated with minimal adverse events in relatively short-term follow-up. SUMMARY:Novel ion exchange resins have the potential to provide new strategies for safely and effectively managing hyperkalemia in the CKD population. This may decrease morbidity and mortality associated with hyperkalemia and allow more broad use of medications whose use is otherwise limited by hyperkalemia.
journal_name
Curr Opin Nephrol Hypertensjournal_title
Current opinion in nephrology and hypertensionauthors
Cowan AC,Gharib EG,Weir MAdoi
10.1097/MNH.0000000000000320subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-05-01 00:00:00pages
235-239issue
3eissn
1062-4821issn
1473-6543journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Proteinuria (protein excretion > 300 mg/d) is an independent risk factor for the development of cardiovascular disease and renal failure. The finding of persistent proteinuria in otherwise asymptomatic patients often precedes the development of arterial hypertension and renal failure. When proteinuria is accompanied b...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199311000-00017
更新日期:1993-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The present review considers the role that bisphosphonates might have in patients with renal failure. Although bisphosphonates are widely used to reduce fracture risk in patients with osteoporosis, few studies have documented their effect in patients with renal osteodystrophy. The pathogenesis of bone loss after renal...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200109000-00006
更新日期:2001-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To discuss if there will still be a role for the originator ESAs after the already available biosimilars and the approval of HIF stabilizers in the near future. RECENT FINDINGS:Current treatment with erythropoiesis-simulating agents (ESAs) is effective and generally well tolerated, but requires paren...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000432
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system is an important modulator of renal salt excretion and arterial pressure. An important body of evidence now supports that angiotensin II (AngII) modulates the function of the renal sodium-chloride cotransporter (NCC), independently of aldosterone. Here we summar...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32835571a4
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Skin autofluorescence (SAF) is a measure of the accumulation of advanced glycation end-products (AGEs) proposed to act as a marker of 'cumulative metabolic stress'. This article discusses mechanisms of AGE formation and reviews published literature on SAF as a biomarker and risk factor across the spec...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000549
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:This article will review briefly the emerging new concepts in the diagnosis and treatment of myocardial fibrosis in patients with hypertensive heart disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Although hypertensive heart disease is characterized clinically by development of left-ventricular hypertrophy in the absence o...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000174143.30045.bd
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Acid-base (H and HCO3) transport in the kidney is crucial for maintaining blood pH, cellular pH and excreting metabolic acid. HCO3 transport in the kidney is mediated by HCO3 transporter proteins which occur in two gene families in humans, vertebrates and invertebrates (SLC4 and SLC26). Since SLC26 tr...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000168333.01831.2c
更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The vasculature wall is an active, integrated organ composed of endothelial cells and vascular smooth muscle cells, as well as other cell types depending on the specific vascular segment (e.g. fibroblasts in many vascular regions). The vascular wall is not static; the vascular components (cells and extracellular matri...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199701000-00016
更新日期:1997-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Connective tissue growth factor (CCN2) has recently received much attention as a possible key determinant of progressive renal fibrosis. However, the mechanism(s) by which this growth factor functions is not known. The purpose of this review is to summarize and discuss the recent findings regarding th...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200401000-00008
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) endure compromised health-related quality of life (HRQOL). Although the link between HRQOL and increased mortality in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) is well documented, less is known about the relationship between CKD and HRQOL. This article rev...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e328335f939
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:To summarize the latest information on body composition among patients with chronic kidney disease and its association with outcomes. RECENT FINDINGS:Obesity is increasing among patients with end-stage renal disease and is more prevalent when direct measures of adiposity are used rather than BMI. Hig...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000120
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Sirtuins are a family of nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide+-dependent enzymes catalyzing target protein deacetylation to modulate cellular metabolism, response to oxidative stress and inflammation, senescence, autophagy and apoptosis. In this review, we provide an overview of recent studies regarding ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000660
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Tests have become available that not only give an index of iron stores and availability but also provide an integrated assessment of the efficacy of its utilization. This has allowed the revision of previously accepted criteria of iron deficiency as well as the most appropriate strategies for iron administration. By o...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200011000-00013
更新日期:2000-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In light of the recent changes to the kidney allocation system (KAS) and the observed increase in the rate of transplantation of the highly sensitized kidney transplant candidate, the evaluation and care of this population is a timely topic. RECENT FINDINGS:In its first year, the new KAS has already ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000172
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:With the aging population of kidney transplant candidates, a history of malignancy is an increasingly prevalent finding. Tumors can constitute a contraindication for transplantation or can lead to a delay of acceptance to the waiting-list. Current waiting time guidelines mainly refer to early data col...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000652
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Ischemia reperfusion injury (IRI) is an inevitable complication in solid organ transplantation. Limiting this injury can increase patient and graft survival and can decrease complications associated with transplantation. We provide an extensive literature review analyzing the available evidence for is...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000367
更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::It is well known that hyperparathyroidism begins early in renal failure and progresses, probably not linearly, throughout the natural course of renal diseases and dialysis therapy. Recent progress in basic medical science has improved our understanding of the mechanisms by which the classically known stimuli for parat...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199607000-00007
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Epigenetic modifications are reversible changes to a cell's DNA or histones that alter gene expression but not DNA sequence. The present review will explore epigenomic profiling and bioinformatics techniques for the study of kidney development and disease. RECENT FINDINGS:Reversible DNA and histone m...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000602
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Arterial calcification in chronic kidney disease (CKD) is associated with increased cardiovascular risk. The mechanisms responsible for arterial calcification include alterations of mineral metabolism and expression of mineral-regulating proteins. RECENT FINDINGS:Arterial calcification is similar to ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000168336.67499.c0
更新日期:2005-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Structural biology is one of the most informative disciplines available to biochemical research. It unites technologies that can reveal high-resolution (often atomic) details of the inner workings of biochemical systems. These insights are crucial for an understanding of basic life processes, such as ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-200307000-00012
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Recent data have highlighted the shortcomings of the usual blood pressure hypothesis in posthoc analyses of randomized controlled trials led in populations at high cardiovascular risk and have emphasized the importance of an increased visit-to-visit variability of blood pressure in predicting cardiova...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e32835b489f
更新日期:2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:In advanced chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients with progressive uremia, dialysis has traditionally been the dominant treatment paradigm. However, there is increasing interest in conservative and preservative management of kidney function as alternative patient-centered treatment approaches in this ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000670
更新日期:2021-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:We aim to review the biological properties of novel molecules that are members of a kidney-bone axis involved in the regulation of phosphate homeostasis. In addition, we describe how an improved knowledge of the mechanisms leading to changes in renal phosphate handling may lead to the development of n...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282fd6e5b
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recent advances in the genetics of hypertension include studies on localizations of many loci involved in blood pressure regulation in the rat, elucidation of the molecular mechanisms underlying monogenetic forms of hypertension, and studies of candidate genes in primary hypertension. Evidence that the angiotensinogen...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199403000-00011
更新日期:1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The discovery of the importance of proteins localized to cilia and basal bodies has provided novel insights into the pathogenesis of various human disorders including cystic kidney disease. The physiological role of cilium-generated signaling in most tissues including the kidney has remained elusive, ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1097/01.mnh.0000222690.53970.ca
更新日期:2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Iron deficiency anaemia (IDA) is common and associated with fatigue, reduced quality of life and poorer clinical outcomes. Treatment with oral iron is often inadequate and international guidelines recommend intravenous (i.v.) iron as the preferred option for the treatment of IDA in certain clinical si...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0000000000000263
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE OF REVIEW:The imbalances in the activities of various components of the neurohormonal system that maintain renal homeostasis may have important implications in pathophysiology. This review aims to examine the evidence for disparities between angiotensin II and nitric oxide in acute and chronic kidney diseases. ...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/MNH.0b013e3282f29a8b
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The parathyroid normally has very few cells in mitosis but it retains the potential to proliferate. In-vivo studies in rats have demonstrated that hypocalcaemia and high serum phosphate both lead to an increase in the number of proliferating cells, which is relevant to the increased parathyroid cell proliferation in c...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199707000-00004
更新日期:1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic renal disease evolves to end-stage renal failure through events, including enhanced intraglomerular pressure and plasma protein ultrafiltration, mediated at least in part by angiotensin II. Angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors reduce intracapillary pressure and ameliorate glomerular size-selective function...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199709000-00014
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The target hematocrit to be achieved when treating anemia in hemodialysis patients with erythropoietin is controversial. Current evidence-based recommendations suggest a target hematocrit range of 33% to 36%. Small studies suggest that normalization of hematocrit with erythropoietin may benefit hemodialysis patients i...
journal_title:Current opinion in nephrology and hypertension
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00041552-199909000-00007
更新日期:1999-09-01 00:00:00