Abstract：
BACKGROUND:In persistently unsafe environments, the cumulative exposure to violence predicts not only the development of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), but also of increased aggression and violent outbursts. Substance use disorders interact with these developments, as drug consumption may blunt symptoms and also reduce the threshold for violent acts. Investigating the interplay between these variables and the possible cumulative effect of drug abuse on the attraction to cruelty is a crucial step in understanding the cycle of violence and developing intervention programs that address this cycle in violence-troubled communities such as low-income urban areas in South Africa. METHODS:Young males at risk (N=290) were recruited through a reintegration center for offenders in Cape Town. We assessed types of traumatic events experienced, PTSD symptom severity, appetitive aggression, committed offenses and patterns of drug abuse prior to the perpetration of violence. RESULTS:Path-analyses confirmed a positive relationship between exposure to traumatic events and PTSD symptom severity, appetitive aggression, the number of committed offenses and drug abuse prior to violence. PTSD symptoms were positively associated with the propensity toward aggression. Furthermore, more severe drug abuse was related to higher attraction to violence and more committed offenses. CONCLUSIONS:We conclude that like exposure to violence, drug abuse may play a key role in the attraction to aggression and criminal acts. Measures of violence prevention and psychotherapeutic interventions for trauma-related suffering may not be effective without enduring drug abuse rehabilitation.
journal_name
Addict Behavjournal_title
Addictive behaviorsauthors
Sommer J,Hinsberger M,Elbert T,Holtzhausen L,Kaminer D,Seedat S,Madikane S,Weierstall Rdoi
10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.08.008subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2017-01-01 00:00:00pages
29-34eissn
0306-4603issn
1873-6327pii
S0306-4603(16)30279-9journal_volume
64pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Most smoking cessation treatments are predicated on the assumption that the course of smoking reduction is psychologically homogeneous. The present study tested an alternative model incorporating three distinct stages: initial decision, initial control, and maintenance. Three measures (perceived health locus of contro...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4603(83)90021-7
更新日期：1983-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to investigate factors related to initiation of cannabis consumption among adolescents. A questionnaire was administered to 2043 14-15-year-olds from Barcelona who were followed-up and re-interviewed after 15 months. A bivariate analysis was performed to identify the factors associated with consumptio...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
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abstract：:Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is highly prevalent in substance use disorder (SUD) populations. Because resources for extensive and thorough diagnostic assessment are often limited, reliable screening instruments for PTSD are needed. The aim of the current study was to test two short PTSD measures for diagnostic...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.10.011
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined perceived risks and prevalence of alcohol, tobacco, and illicit drug use among ethnic groups of Whites, Blacks, and Hispanics; compared the extent to which drug use varied among different ethnic groups; explored whether or not there were any age and gender differences in drug use among the ethnic g...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4603(99)00070-2
更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study assessed the relationships between alcohol use and smoking cessation in a general population sample (N = 2115) of adults living in a county in north Florida. Nearly half of the sample had ever smoked. Of these, 44% had successfully quit; 34% had tried unsuccessfully to quit; 21% reported never having tried ...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/0306-4603(90)90063-4
更新日期：1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Previous research has not compared implicit affective responses to smoking-related stimuli in occasional (i.e., those who smoke less than one cigarette per day) and daily smokers (i.e., those who smoke at least once per day). In addition to assessing their motivations for smoking, implicit affective responses were mea...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.10.006
更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Craving is being considered for inclusion in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) DSM-5. However, little is known of its genetic underpinnings - specifically, whether genetic influences on craving are distinct from those influencing DSM-IV alcohol dependence. METHOD:Analyses were conducted in a sam...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2012.03.021
更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:When symptomatic individuals selectively attend to emotionally relevant stimuli, the ability to shift attention away from such material is impaired. Subjects may, however, seek to avoid further processing of these stimuli, which would facilitate attentional shifts. This was examined in a group of abstinent alcoholics'...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4603(96)00051-2
更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:People with mental illness suffer disproportionately high health burdens of smoking. Communicating to these smokers that electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) are a less harmful alternative to combusted cigarettes might help them reduce their health risks by encouraging complete switching to e-cigarettes. How...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.11.025
更新日期：2019-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The present study examined the longitudinal association among drinking problems, drinking to cope, and degree of intimate partner violence (IPV). Two competing models were tested; the first model posited that drinking to cope leads to greater drinking problems and this subsequently leads to more violence i...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.10.006
更新日期：2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined the role of action orientation in health behavior change. Eighty-six binge drinking college students completed measures of alcohol use, alcohol-related consequences (e.g., driving drunk), motivation to change drinking, and action orientation. Alcohol use and consequences were reassessed 1 mo...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4603(01)00186-1
更新日期：2002-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Arousal-based theories of gambling suggest that excitement gained from gambling reinforces further gambling behavior. However, recent theories of emotion conceptualize mood as comprising both arousal and valence dimensions. Thus, excitement comprises arousal with positive valence. We examined self-reported changes in ...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.03.030
更新日期：2004-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:In recent years the consumption of alcohol mixed with energy drinks (AmED) has become popular in young adults in North America. There have been few studies into the drinking patterns and risk behaviors that accompany this new form of alcoholic beverage consumption and more information is required to support h...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.07.003
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Smoking is a major contributor to the disparity in life expectancy between those with and without a mental health condition. Previous work has found associations between individual conditions such as depression and current smoking, cigarette consumption and dependence, but did not compare a range of specific mental di...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.10.011
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study examined plasma arginine vasopressin (AVP) levels in 18 smokers (10 men, 8 women) and in 22 non-smokers (12 men, 10 women). Non-smokers came to the laboratory once, whereas smokers came twice: while smoking freely and following 24-hr abstinence. Plasma was collected for AVP assessment; salivary cotin...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.06.015
更新日期：2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Electronic cigarettes (e-cigarettes) have gained popularity rapidly in the Western world but data in the East are scarce. We examined the awareness and ever use of e-cigarettes, and reasons for e-cigarette use in a probability sample of adults in Hong Kong. METHODS:Cross-sectional data were collected in 2...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2015.08.008
更新日期：2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Exposure to interpersonal victimization during childhood and adolescence is prevalent and has been found to be associated with negative physical and mental health outcomes. The present study examined the relations between childhood violence exposure and mental health on subsequent exposure to new physical assault in y...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.03.008
更新日期：2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVES:Drugged driving [DD] is a public health concern, particularly among emerging adults who have the highest rates of drug use. Understanding involvement with DD could inform prevention efforts for this population. We evaluated the prevalence of, motives for, and correlates of past-year DD among emerging adults ...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2017.11.002
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The present study sought to apply the theory of planned behavior (TPB) to the prediction of binge drinking intentions and behavior among undergraduate students and to test whether habit strength explains additional variance in binge drinking behavior. Undergraduate students (N=137) completed measures of the TPB (i.e.,...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2011.01.025
更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study reports the prevalence of cannabis use disorders (CUD) and other cannabis-related problems in a large cohort (n=1253) of first-year college students, 17 to 20 years old, at one large public university in the mid-Atlantic region of the U.S. Interviewers assessed past-year cannabis use, other drug use, and ca...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2007.10.001
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Individuals may compensate for workplace smoking bans by smoking more before or after work, or escaping bans to smoke, but no studies have conducted a detailed, quantitative analysis of such compensatory behaviors using real-time data. METHODS:124 daily smokers documented smoking occasions over 3weeks usi...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.01.006
更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Experiences of childhood sexual abuse (CSA) and childhood physical abuse (CPA) are associated with poor mental health outcomes including substance use in subsequent years. Marijuana use motives (i.e., coping with negative affect, enhancing positive affect, or improving social interactions) may influence pr...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2019.01.040
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Little is known about the influence of online peer interactions on health behavior change. This study examined the relationship between exposure to peer sentiment about nicotine replacement therapy (NRT) in an online social network for smoking cessation and NRT use. METHODS:Participants were 3297 current sm...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.06.022
更新日期：2018-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:While depression, anxiety, and negative affect are associated with smoking and smoking cessation outcomes in healthy individuals, these associations have not been established in smokers with chronic diseases such as diabetes mellitus, a condition which greatly increases cardiovascular disease risk. Other psychosocial ...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4603(00)00077-0
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The cross-sectional study assessed the associations among smoking status, number of cigarettes smoked per day, and psychiatric symptoms in 88 chronic schizophrenic outpatients with a stable psychic condition. Among the 49 smokers, the number of cigarettes smoked per day was associated with the severity of cognitive sy...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/s0306-4603(97)00028-2
更新日期：1998-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:Research has shown that African Americans gain more than average weight after smoking cessation. However, African Americans have been underrepresented in post-cessation weight gain research. The current study examined 1) the pattern of weight gain and 2) the association between smoking status and weight ga...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2018.02.002
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Anxiety sensitivity (AS)--fear of anxiety-related experiences--has been implicated in smoking motivation and maintenance. In a cross-sectional design, we examined AS facets (physical, cognitive, and social concerns) in relation to tobacco use, abstinence-related problems, and cognitions in 473 treatment-seeking smoker...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2016.01.005
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A combination of sustained release (SR) naltrexone (32 mg/day) and bupropion SR (360 mg/day) plus behavioral counseling was evaluated for the treatment of smoking cessation and mitigation of nicotine withdrawal and weight gain. Thirty overweight or obese nicotine-dependent subjects were enrolled in a 24-week, open-lab...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2009.10.017
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:At any point in time, a patient's return to drug use can be seen either as a temporary event or as a return to persistent use. There is no formal standard for distinguishing persistent drug use from an occasional relapse. This lack of standardization persists although the consequences of either interpretation can be l...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2004.02.027
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There is a lack of understanding of what contributes to attitudes toward individuals with an opioid addiction and preferences for policies that support them. METHODS:This study aimed to investigate stigmatization of an opioid addiction and support for publicly funded drug treatment. A randomized, between-su...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.addbeh.2020.106784
更新日期：2021-04-01 00:00:00
