Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Epidural steroid injections (ESI) are a commonly utilized treatment for cervical and lumbar radicular pain. All medical procedures and medications carry an inherent level of risk, that must be balanced with the effectiveness of the treatment to determine the risk to benefit ratio for a patient. AREAS COVERED:This article will outline the risks of ESIs and in doing so help shed light on the procedural risks versus the risks of the medication. Additionally, it will help differentiate minor adverse events from significant permanent complications. EXPERT OPINION:Catastrophic complications of ESI such as paralysis and stroke unquestionably warrant the recent increased attention given to the safety of these injections. While a single major complication is unacceptable, the relative rate of these major complications must be put in prospective. The true rate is small enough that it is impossible to calculate. All cases are limited to case reports and not detected in even the largest published cohorts of ESI. Moreover, recent advances in medication selection and technique have further reduced the incidence of these very rare complications. Conversely, the more common adverse events are rather minor, generally transient, and mostly occur at incidences of less than 1%.
journal_name
Expert Opin Drug Safjournal_title
Expert opinion on drug safetyauthors
Schneider B,Zheng P,Mattie R,Kennedy DJdoi
10.1080/14740338.2016.1184246subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-08-01 00:00:00pages
1031-9issue
8eissn
1474-0338issn
1744-764Xjournal_volume
15pub_type
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:Nephrotoxicity is generally considered as the most clinically significant adverse reaction of amphotericin B, and has been reported in up to 80% of amphotericin B recipients during the first 2 weeks of treatment. Numerous experimental and clinical investigations have been performed over the past 4 decades,...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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doi:10.1517/14740338.2012.721775
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abstract:BACKGROUND:This meta-analysis has been conducted to determine the risk of elevated transaminases associated with immune checkpoint inhibitors use in patients with cancer. METHODS:Studies eligible for our analysis included randomized Phase II and III trials of patients with cancer on ipilimumab, nivolumab, pembrolizuma...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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abstract::Black cohosh (Actaea racemosa/Cimicifuga racemosa) is a North American perennial plant that has been used for traditional medicinal purposes by the native Indian population. Its modern day application is the treatment of menopausal symptoms. Unlike conventional non-herbal medications, herbal preparations have not been...
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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abstract:BACKGROUND:Ximelagatran, the first oral agent in the new class of direct thrombin inhibitors, was withdrawn from the market due to increased rates of liver enzyme elevations in long-term treatments. Despite intensive pre clinical investigations the cellular mechanisms behind the observed hepatic effects remain unknown....
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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abstract:INTRODUCTION:Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), the most frequent medical complication of pregnancy, is associated with several adverse outcomes over the short- and long-term for both mother and offspring. Standard treatment for GDM consists of insulin injections. Oral hypoglycemic agents (OHAs), on the other hand, a...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.521740
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The widespread application of protocols using gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH) agonists or antagonists in assisted reproduction treatment has led to an increasing number of pregnancies exposed to these drugs. This issue has raised scepticism as to the safety of these medications, concerning both pregnant women an...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.3.1.39
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740338.2011.532485
更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Stroke is a common cause for morbidity and mortality, causing substantial economic costs. Because thrombosis plays a key role in the pathogenesis of ischaemic stroke, heparins, platelet inhibitors and anticoagulants have been used in stroke management. There were high hopes that patients might benefit from the use of ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14740330903150157
更新日期:2009-09-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2005-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Clozapine was first introduced as an antipsychotic in the 1970's but a cluster of deaths, later linked to the drug's risk of agranulocytosis, led to its withdrawal in most countries. However, work in the 1980's established its unique efficacy in treatment resistant schizophrenia (TRS), which constitutes as...
journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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journal_title:Expert opinion on drug safety
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2004-09-01 00:00:00