Abstract:
PURPOSE OF REVIEW:Exacerbations of asthma in children are most frequently precipitated by respiratory infections with a seasonal pattern. However, management takes little account of the underlying infective or other precipitant abnormality. RECENT FINDINGS:Interactions between environmental triggers, the airway microbiome and innate immune responses are key determinants of exacerbations. Elevated innate cytokines interleukin (IL)-33 and IL-25, and abnormal molecular responses in the interferon pathway are associated with rhinoviral infections. Exacerbations caused by fungal allergens also induce IL-33, highlighting this as an attractive therapeutic target. An equal contribution of bacterial and viral infection during exacerbations, particularly in preschool children, has become increasingly apparent, but some organisms may be protective. Investigation of mechanisms underlying infection-related exacerbations especially in preschool children is needed.Progressive loss of lung function from exacerbations is most pronounced in children aged 6-11 years, and low FEV1 is now recognized as a key predictor for the development of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and premature death. Although prevention of exacerbations is critical, suboptimal patient education, prescription and adherence to maintenance therapy, and a lack of predictive biomarkers, remain key unaddressed issues in children. SUMMARY:Precipitants and predictors of exacerbations, together with the child's age and clinical phenotype, need to be used to achieve individualized management in preference to the current uniform approach for all.
journal_name
Curr Opin Pulm Medjournal_title
Current opinion in pulmonary medicineauthors
Cook J,Saglani Sdoi
10.1097/MCP.0000000000000223subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2016-01-01 00:00:00pages
25-31issue
1eissn
1070-5287issn
1531-6971journal_volume
22pub_type
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/01.mcp.0000181475.85187.ed
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abstract::Although asthma is considered to be an inflammatory disease of the airways, neural mechanisms remain very important. Neural control of airways is far more complex than has been previously recognized. In addition to the classic neural pathways, the nonadrenergic, noncholinergic pathway has been described in the airways...
journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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更新日期:2011-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1097/00063198-200209000-00007
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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doi:10.1097/MCP.0b013e3283560809
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:Current opinion in pulmonary medicine
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