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Gender differences in development of mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood: an eight-year follow-up study.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:The transition from adolescence to young adulthood is marked by many changes. Mental well-being plays an important role in how individuals deal with these changes and how they develop their lifestyle. The goal of this study was to examine gender differences in the long-term development of self-esteem and other mental well-being variables from the age of 15 to the age of 23. METHODS:A baseline measurement was performed in a nationwide sample of 385 Icelandic adolescents aged 15, and a follow-up measurement was conducted eight years later, when participants had reached the age of 23. Standardized questionnaires were used to measure self-reports of self-esteem, life satisfaction, body image, anxiety, depression and somatic complaints. RESULTS:Women improved their self-esteem significantly more than men from the age of 15 to 23 (p=0.004). Women were more satisfied with their life than men at the age of 23 (p=0.009). Men had a better body image, less anxiety, less depression and fewer somatic complaints than women, independent of age. Across gender, anxiety declined and somatic complaints became fewer (p<0.05). CONCLUSIONS These findings suggest that gender differences in mental well-being factors, favouring men, found in adolescents, are not as long-lasting as previously thought. Women improve their mental well-being from adolescence to young adulthood while men's mental well-being does not change.

journal_name

Scand J Public Health

journal_title

Scandinavian journal of public health

authors

Gestsdottir S,Arnarsson A,Magnusson K,Arngrimsson SA,Sveinsson T,Johannsson E

doi

10.1177/1403494815569864

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-05-01 00:00:00

pages

269-75

issue

3

eissn

1403-4948

issn

1651-1905

pii

1403494815569864

journal_volume

43

pub_type

杂志文章

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