Low-normal thyroid function and the pathogenesis of common cardio-metabolic disorders.

Abstract:

BACKGROUND:Subclinical hypothyroidism may adversely affect the development of cardiovascular disease (CVD). Less is known about the role of low-normal thyroid function, that is higher thyroid-stimulating hormone and/or lower free thyroxine levels within the euthyroid reference range, in the development of cardio-metabolic disorders. This review is focused on the relationship of low-normal thyroid function with CVD, plasma lipids and lipoprotein function, as well as with metabolic syndrome (MetS), chronic kidney disease (CKD) and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD). MATERIALS AND METHODS:This narrative review, which includes results from previously published systematic reviews and meta-analyses, is based on clinical and basic research papers, obtained via MEDLINE and PubMed up to November 2014. RESULTS:Low-normal thyroid function could adversely affect the development of (subclinical) atherosclerotic manifestations. It is likely that low-normal thyroid function relates to modest increases in plasma total cholesterol, LDL cholesterol and triglycerides, and may convey pro-atherogenic changes in lipoprotein metabolism and in HDL function. Most available data support the concept that low-normal thyroid function is associated with MetS, insulin resistance and CKD, but not with high blood pressure. Inconsistent effects of low-normal thyroid function on NAFLD have been reported so far. CONCLUSIONS:Observational studies suggest that low-normal thyroid function may be implicated in the pathogenesis of CVD. Low-normal thyroid function could also play a role in the development of MetS, insulin resistance and CKD, but the relationship with NAFLD is uncertain. The extent to which low-normal thyroid function prospectively predicts cardio-metabolic disorders has been insufficiently established so far.

journal_name

Eur J Clin Invest

authors

van Tienhoven-Wind LJ,Dullaart RP

doi

10.1111/eci.12423

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-05-01 00:00:00

pages

494-503

issue

5

eissn

0014-2972

issn

1365-2362

journal_volume

45

pub_type

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