Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Convulsive status epilepticus (SE) is one of the most frequent and severe neurological emergencies in both adults and children. A timely administration of appropriate antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) can stop seizures early and markedly improve outcome. AREAS COVERED:The main treatment strategies for SE are reviewed with an emphasis on initial treatments. The established first-line treatment consists of benzodiazepines, most frequently intravenous lorazepam. Benzodiazepines that do not require intravenous administration like intranasal midazolam or intramuscular midazolam are becoming more popular because of easier administration in the field. Other benzodiazepines may also be effective. After treatment with benzodiazepines, treatment with fosphenytoin and phenobarbital is usually recommended. Other intravenously available AEDs, such as valproate and levetiracetam, may be as effective and safe as fosphenytoin and phenobarbital, have a faster infusion time and better pharmacokinetic profile. The rationale behind the need for an early treatment of SE is discussed. The real-time delays of AED administration in clinical practice are described. EXPERT OPINION:There is limited evidence to support what the best initial benzodiazepine or the best non-benzodiazepine AED is. Recent and developing multicenter trials are evaluating the best treatment options and will likely modify the recommended treatment choices in SE in the near future. Additionally, more research is needed to understand how different treatment options modify prognosis in SE. Timely implementation of care protocols to minimize treatment delays is crucial.
journal_name
Expert Opin Pharmacotherjournal_title
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapyauthors
Sánchez Fernández I,Loddenkemper Tdoi
10.1517/14656566.2015.997212subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-03-01 00:00:00pages
487-500issue
4eissn
1465-6566issn
1744-7666journal_volume
16pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute pulmonary embolism (PE) is a life-threatening condition that has been treated with anticoagulation for almost 50 years. OBJECTIVES:To review the current treatment options for PE and discuss recently published new features. METHODS:We reviewed literature involving the treatment strategies for venous t...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560902911470
更新日期:2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Human respiratory syncytial virus (hRSV) is the primary viral cause of respiratory diseases, leading to bronchiolitis and pneumonia in vulnerable populations. The only current treatment against this virus is palliative, and no efficient and specific vaccine against this pathogen is available. AREAS COVERE...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1806821
更新日期:2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The study investigated the efficacy and tolerability of teneligliptin co-administered to patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) who were inadequately controlled by stable metformin monotherapy ≥ 1000 mg/day. METHODS:A total of 447 patients from 55 European centers who completed a 14-day screening and ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1190334
更新日期:2016-07-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ziconotide is an N-type calcium channel antagonist to treat chronic pain that is delivered intrathecally. It is the only intrathecal, FDA-approved, non-opioid analgesic and is recommended as first-line therapy. Despite these advantages, a small therapeutic window limits ziconotide's clinical utility, with ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.784269
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Radioiodine [RAI]-resistant advanced and progressive differentiated thyroid cancer [DTC], although rare, constitutes a real challenge as its prognosis is poor and available therapeutic options, until now, have been limited. Discovery of a crucial role of distinct tyrosine kinases in DTC pathogenesis opened...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1206078
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to assess the effect of aliskiren and amlopidine on ankle-foot volume (AFV) and pretibial subcutaneous tissue pressure (PSTP). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS:After 4-week placebo, 120 outpatients with grade 1 - 2 hypertension were randomized to amlodipine 10 mg or aliskiren 300 mg or t...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.580276
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) is a common hematologic malignancy with a highly variable clinical course. Frontline treatments include cytotoxic chemotherapies, immunotherapies, and small molecule inhibitors. Clinical and molecular factors guide treatment initiation and selection. Over the last decade,...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1524874
更新日期:2018-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Hypertension is a major independent risk factor for kidney disease and for faster renal function loss. Choice of antihypertensive strategies with highest nephroprotective effect is crucial to prevent or reverse progression to end stage renal disease (ESRD). AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:The pres...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2010.521742
更新日期:2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) has infected millions of people worldwide and has contributed to over 650,000 deaths. This review synthesizes the literature on COVID-19 pharmacotherapy to inform practice and policymaking. A...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1792884
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Currently available small case reports clearly propose that existing regulatory procedures to approve generic versions only require essential bioequivalence, have limitations and fail to meet stricter scientific and clinical demands. AREAS COVERED IN THIS REVIEW:Data indicate that paroxetine me...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560903451708
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alprazolam-XR is an extended-release formulation of alprazolam designed to deliver sustained therapeutic concentrations for 24 h after once-daily dosing. Plasma concentrations gradually decline as the time for the next dose approaches, but still remain above therapeutic minimum levels. The anti-panic efficacy of alpra...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14656566.5.7.1599
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neonatal herpes is a potentially devastating consequence of perinatal transmission of the herpes simplex virus (HSV), with significant morbidity and mortality. Treatment options are available, but must begin early in disease with manifestations that are often protean. Thus, preventive measures need to be optimised. An...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.4.10.1809
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: The increasing prevalence of comorbid depression and diabetes exerts a heavy burden on global health. Co-occurrence of depression and diabetes is common, affecting 14% to 35.8% of patients with diabetes, leading to a higher mortality and morbidity rate, more micro- and macro-vascular diseases and more co...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1622090
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pegaptanib sodium, the first aptamer therapeutic approved for use and the first antiangiogenic agent used to treat ocular neovascular disease, acts by inhibiting the 165 isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor believed primarily responsible for pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular permeabi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.3.499
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orlistat (Xenical, Hoffmann-La Roche) is a powerful inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase and as such, reduces fat absorption. Unlike other weight-reducing drugs it is minimally absorbed and has no effects in the CNS. Orlistat is indicated for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2 or 28 kg/m2 in th...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.1.4.841
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although effective anti-neoplastic agents, anthracyclines are limited by their well recognized and pervasive cardiotoxic effects. The incidence of late progressive cardiovascular disease in long-term survivors of cancer is established and may contribute to heart failure and death. To maximize the benefits of these dru...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.8.1039
更新日期:2007-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy with an incidence of 2 - 3/100,000/year. Young adults are most often affected. Due to the development of highly active multi-agent chemotherapy protocols and the optimization of radiotherapy (RT) fields and doses, HL has become one of the malignancies with the...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.909411
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Multiple myeloma is a disease predominately affecting older adults. Pivotal to treating older adults is understanding their physiologic differences compared to younger subjects and how the complexity of therapies has an impact upon this patient population. AREAS COVERED:Herein, the authors address the eff...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2019.1577822
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Miconazole nitrate is a time-honored antifungal of the imidazole class. OBJECTIVE:To revisit the various aspects of action of the drug in a dermatologic setting. METHOD:Review of the current peer-reviewed publications. RESULTS/CONCLUSION:Miconazole essentially inhibits 14alpha-demethylase, an enzyme requi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.11.1927
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peglyated liposomal doxorubicin was developed to maintain or enhance the demonstrated antineoplastic effects of doxorubicin, while improving the toxicity profile associated with this important cytotoxic agent. Accumulating clinical data have confirmed the activity of pegylated liposomal doxorubicin in cancers of the b...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.11.1469
更新日期:2006-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:5-Aminolaevulinic acid (ALA) is the naturally occurring metabolic precursor of an endogenously formed photosensitiser, protoporphyrin IX. It is used topically to treat benign and malignant skin disorders by a process called photodynamic therapy (PDT). Recently, data are emerging on its systemic use in the tr...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.5.851
更新日期:2008-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::This editorial considers the use of the first selective oral renin inhibitor, aliskiren, in reducing angiotensin (Ang) II reactivation or aldosterone (ALDO) escape during renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS) inhibition. RAAS blockade with angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEIs) and/or angiotensin recep...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 社论,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.5.529
更新日期:2007-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Following more than 20 years of Interferon (IFN)-based treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the understanding of viral life cycle led to the development of new antiviral drugs directly targeting HCV replication steps. Daclatasvir (DCV) is a potent inhibitor of non-structural NS5A HCV protein with pangeno...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1109631
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cervical dystonia (CD) manifests clinically through involuntary spasms of neck muscles, producing abnormal head and neck movements and postures, which is often associated with pain. CD is the most common form of focal dystonia presenting to movement disorders clinics. Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin (BTX) has be...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2.12.1985
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) can spontaneously improve during pregnancy. However, a considerable proportion of patients can experience a flare and high disease activity has been associated with an increased risk of adverse pregnancy outcome. Thus, the treatment of RA in pregnant women should be selected takin...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2016.1197204
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Male breast cancer is an uncommon condition. It often occurs in settings in which there is an imbalance between androgens and oestrogens. Genetics plays an important role, as many cases are associated with mutations in BRCA2 or other genes. Male breast cancer occurs at an older age than female breast cancer and is fre...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560903200634
更新日期:2009-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:EGFR-targeted drugs have been successfully approved in many countries and have demonstrated higher efficacy and lower toxicity than chemotherapy in molecularly defined subgroups of patients. Significant advances in clinical trials and studies focusing on targeted therapies have rapidly developed in Asia. ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1040391
更新日期:2015-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:To assess ocular surface status and tolerability after switching glaucoma patients from dorzolamide/timolol to brinzolamide/timolol fixed combination (FC). METHODS:Six-month, multicenter, open-label, prospective study that switched 72 patients from dorzolamide/timolol to brinzolamide/timolol FC. Intraocular pr...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 临床试验,杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1517/14656566.2011.589384
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Simplified antiretroviral regimens have been developed with the aim of improving treatment adherence and quality of life of HIV-infected patients. The single-class triple-nucleoside reverse transcriptase inhibitor combination has contributed to the improvement of the management of HIV infection, especially in patients...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.7.16.2233
更新日期:2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Brimonidine tartrate is a commonly used eyedrop for short- and long-term lowering of intraocular pressure. Its use has been popularized due to its effects on aqueous suppression and uveoscleral outflow, as well as the suggestion of neuroprotection. Although available with alternative preservative vehicles,...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2018.1544241
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00