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Rhythmic 3-4Hz discharge is insufficient to produce cortical BOLD fMRI decreases in generalized seizures.

Abstract：

:Absence seizures are transient episodes of impaired consciousness accompanied by 3-4 Hz spike-wave discharge on electroencephalography (EEG). Human functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) studies have demonstrated widespread cortical decreases in the blood oxygen-level dependent (BOLD) signal that may play an important role in the pathophysiology of these seizures. Animal models could provide an opportunity to investigate the fundamental mechanisms of these changes, however they have so far failed to consistently replicate the cortical fMRI decreases observed in human patients. This may be due to important differences between human seizures and animal models, including a lack of cortical development in rodents or differences in the frequencies of rodent (7-8 Hz) and human (3-4 Hz) spike-wave discharges. To examine the possible contributions of these differences, we developed a ferret model that exhibits 3-4 Hz spike-wave seizures in the presence of a sulcated cortex. Measurements of BOLD fMRI and simultaneous EEG demonstrated cortical fMRI increases during and following spike-wave seizures in ferrets. However unlike human patients, significant fMRI decreases were not observed. The lack of fMRI decreases was consistent across seizures of different durations, discharge frequencies, and anesthetic regimes, and using fMRI analysis models similar to human patients. In contrast, generalized tonic-clonic seizures under the same conditions elicited sustained postictal fMRI decreases, verifying that the lack of fMRI decreases with spike-wave was not due to technical factors. These findings demonstrate that 3-4 Hz spike-wave discharge in a sulcated animal model does not necessarily produce fMRI decreases, leaving the mechanism for this phenomenon open for further investigation.

journal_name

Neuroimage

journal_title

NeuroImage

authors

Youngblood MW,Chen WC,Mishra AM,Enamandram S,Sanganahalli BG,Motelow JE,Bai HX,Frohlich F,Gribizis A,Lighten A,Hyder F,Blumenfeld H

doi

10.1016/j.neuroimage.2014.12.066

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2015-04-01 00:00:00

pages

368-77

eissn

1053-8119

issn

1095-9572

pii

S1053-8119(14)01071-4

journal_volume

109

pub_type

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Rhythmic 3-4Hz discharge is insufficient to produce cortical BOLD fMRI decreases in generalized seizures.