Abstract:
BACKGROUND:Type A personality was introduced in the 1950s and was defined as an action-emotion complex characterized by excessive competitive drive, intense striving for achievement, easily provoked hostility, aggressiveness, impatience, and exaggerated sense of time urgency. Despite many positive findings earlier, almost 50 years of studies have not yielded conclusive results regarding Type A as a risk factor for negative health outcomes and early death. This may partly be due to methodological weaknesses such as small and selected samples, short follow-up times, and varying ways to assess Type A across studies. PURPOSE:We re-examined the association between the Type A concept with cardiovascular (CVD) and non-cardiovascular (non-CVD) mortality by using a long follow-up (on average 20.6 years) of a large population-based sample of elderly males (N = 2,682), by applying multiple Type A measures at baseline, and looking separately at early and later follow-up years. METHOD:The study sample were the participants of the Kuopio Ischemic Heart Disease Risk Factor Study, (KIHD), which includes a randomly selected representative sample of Eastern Finnish men, aged 42-60 years at baseline in the 1980s. They were followed up until the end of 2011 through linkage with the National Death Registry. Four self-administered scales, Bortner Short Rating Scale, Framingham Type A Behavior Pattern Scale, Jenkins Activity Survey, and Finnish Type A Scale, were used for Type A assessment at the start of follow-up. RESULTS:Type A measures were inconsistently associated with cardiovascular mortality, and most associations were non-significant. Some scales suggested slightly decreased, rather than increased, risk of CVD death during the follow-up. Associations with non-cardiovascular deaths were even weaker. CONCLUSION:Our findings further suggest that there is no evidence to support the Type A as a risk factor for CVD and non-CVD mortality.
journal_name
Int J Behav Medjournal_title
International journal of behavioral medicineauthors
Šmigelskas K,Žemaitienė N,Julkunen J,Kauhanen Jdoi
10.1007/s12529-014-9435-1subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2015-04-01 00:00:00pages
161-9issue
2eissn
1070-5503issn
1532-7558journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章abstract:PURPOSE:The present study aimed to evaluate the cross-cultural validation and psychometric properties of the Persian version of the Chronic Illness Anticipated Stigma Scale (CIASS) among the patients with chronic illness in Iran. METHOD:Following standard procedures, the questionnaire was administered to a total sampl...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-017-9645-4
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::This article examines the association between three dimensions of perceived parenting--warmth, strictness, and expectation--and adult cognitive and socioeconomic achievement outcomes. Structural equation models (N = 7,035) were used to examine simultaneously the influence of parenting on adult achievement while contro...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1304_7
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adolescent smoking has been associated with general parenting style, although potential differences between fathers and mothers were seldom investigated, especially in non-Western populations. PURPOSE:The aim of this study is to investigate associations between Hong Kong adolescents' smoking and their perce...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-014-9436-0
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Recently, several studies reported elevated cholesterol levels in panic disorder, agoraphobia, and general anxiety disorder, but the clinical relevance is still unsettled. All studies so far have disregarded the possible influence of dietary and physical exercise factors. In this study, 30 patients with different anxi...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0601_3
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Diet is a major determinant of obesity; however, findings from the studies examining how dieting to lose weight affects weight gain have been inconclusive. PURPOSE:Our aim was to examine the longitudinal association of frequency of dieting for weight loss with (a) obesity status and (b) body mass index (BMI...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-015-9463-5
更新日期:2015-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:This study investigated the role of anxiety sensitivity, resilience, pain catastrophizing, depression, pain fear-avoidance beliefs, and pain intensity in patients with acute back pain-related disability. METHOD:Two hundred and thirty-two patients with acute back pain completed questionnaires on anxiety sensiti...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9600-9
更新日期:2017-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Human papillomavirus (HPV) is a common sexually transmitted infection (STI) known to cause cervical cancer and genital warts. However, making the genital warts aspect explicit may reduce HPV vaccination intention and behaviour due to perceived stigma associated with STIs. PURPOSE:This study investigated the...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9182-5
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::We welcome the commentaries by Hagger et al.and Stephens and consider their observations to be timely and constructive. Hagger et al. raise concerns regarding the sustainability of behaviour change once incentives have been removed and their influence on intrinsic motivation. We concur that questions regarding both of...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9313-2
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Durability, dissemination and institutionalization o f tobacco control activities are reported, based on the Working Well worksite cancer control intervention study (n = 83 worksites). Tobacco control activities increased significantly in intervention worksites as a result of research-supported activities but were not...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0504_7
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There are 2.3 million children living with HIV worldwide, almost 90 % of whom live in sub-Saharan Africa. Access to antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV treatment has dramatically increased in resource-limited settings in recent years and allows more HIV-infected children to survive into adolescence and adul...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-012-9283-9
更新日期:2014-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Whether handicap due to tinnitus-sound(s) in the ears and/or in the head in the absence of an external auditory source-is best conceived as dimensional or categorical remains an unanswered empirical question. PURPOSE:The objective was to investigate whether tinnitus severity was best conceptualized as quali...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9375-1
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:Previous research has demonstrated that physical activity and muscle strengthening activities are independently and inversely associated with metabolic syndrome. Despite a number of studies examining the individual associations, only a few studies have examined the joint associations, and to our knowledge, no p...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-016-9570-y
更新日期:2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Planning and executive functions (EFs; inhibition, updating, shifting) are self-regulatory variables that help people to become and stay physically active. The aim of this study was to examine how and for whom a planning intervention affects physical activity (PA) behavior in the short term. Therefore, the m...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09864-x
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Depression is a leading cause of disability worldwide and can worsen the course of a variety of medical illnesses. There is a clear need to develop more potent treatments for this debilitating disorder and prevent its return. We are developing a promising psychotherapy that integrates components of current, empiricall...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1202_9
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Adherence to highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) remains crucial in successfully treating HIV. While active substance use and depression are both associated with each other and with HAART nonadherence, little is known about their interaction. An understanding of the interaction of substance use and ...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-014-9429-z
更新日期:2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In China, men who have sex with men (MSM) shoulder a disproportionate HIV burden. Early initiation and adherence to HIV antiretroviral therapy (ART) will be critical to reversing the HIV epidemic in China, but ART usage remains suboptimal among MSM diagnosed with HIV. One understudied but potentially importa...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09883-8
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::This is the first study to report on physical activity levels of young people in Barbados. The Self-Administered Physical Activity Checklist was administered to 1,579 children aged 8 to 18 years. The majority of youth (69%) reported at least 60 min of physical activity on the previous school day. Boys and younger stud...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0904_05
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Population screening reduces mortality from colorectal cancer, yet factors associated with uptake of screening are incompletely understood. PURPOSE:The purpose of the study was to determine demographic and psychosocial factors associated with participation in faecal occult blood test (FOBT)-based colorectal...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-010-9101-1
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most research on work-home conflict focuses solely on women. This study compares men and women's perceptions of the extent to which paid work interferes with family life, and examines associations between work-home conflict and health. Data were collected from 2,176 full-time white-collar employees of a British bank. ...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1103_1
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In the last three decades, people's living standards have significantly increased along with the rapid growth of the national economy of China. However, the prevalence of unhealthy behaviors and unfavorable lifestyles (e.g., smoking, excessive use of alcohol, physical inactivity, and unhealthy diets) also st...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9187-0
更新日期:2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cortisol within the normal range has been associated with reduced bone density in the elderly, but little is known about this relationship in healthy young women. PURPOSE:The purpose of this study is to assess whether 24-h urinary free cortisol excretion (UFC) is related to bone density in 132 healthy, non-...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-009-9064-2
更新日期:2010-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The psychological factors underlying physical inactivity in vulnerable cardiac adult populations remain understudied. Anxiety sensitivity, a cognitive vulnerability defined as fear of the physical, cognitive, and social consequences of anxiety, may be an important modifiable determinant of physical inactivit...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-020-09881-w
更新日期:2020-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::An expanding body of research using the transtheoretical model with both self-change and treatment programs suggests that differences in readiness for smoking cessation are important predictors of successful abstinence. Understanding the cognitive processes underlying these differences may hold tremendous potential fo...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0502_5
更新日期:1998-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study investigated the relation of gender role self-concept (G-SC) to cardiovascular and emotional reactions to an ecologically relevant stressor in a sample of graduating male and female university students. Thirty-seven men and 37 women completed the Personal Attribute Questionnaire and worked on four tasks des...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm1201_1
更新日期:2005-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Obesity has become a problem in the USA and identifying modifiable factors at the individual level may help to address this public health concern. A burgeoning literature has suggested that sleep and stress may be associated with obesity; however, little is know about whether these two factors moderate each ...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-013-9293-2
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:PURPOSE:We describe the emergence of recent public health challenges in China, particularly those regarding lifestyle-related non-communicable diseases (NCDs). We also summarize some recent examples of behavioral medicine research and practice in relation to the prevention and control of NCDs in China. Finally, we desc...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-014-9393-7
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:There have been few empirical studies to explain the individual differences in and the underlying mechanism behind the Job Demand-Control (DC) Model. PURPOSE:This study examined the lagged effects of active coping on stress responses (i.e., psychological distress and physical complaints) in the context of t...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/BF03003073
更新日期:2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A large number of studies have provided clear evidence for a link between the risk of coronary heart disease and psychological risk factors. Much less attention has been given to the potential protective effect of psychological resources. PURPOSE:The major aim of this study was to investigate the independen...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-014-9387-5
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The influence of academic examination stress on eating behavior and lipid profiles and the moderating effect of dietary restraint, trait anxiety, and social support availability was assessed in university students. One hundred and seventy-nine students were divided into exam-stress groups (51 women, 64 men) and contro...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1207/s15327558ijbm0204_2
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Little is known on the level of physical inactivity and its behavioral and cultural correlates among East Asian college students. PURPOSE:The aim of this study is to examine and compare the level and behavioral and cultural correlates of physical inactivity among college students in Taiwan, Hong Kong, South...
journal_title:International journal of behavioral medicine
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1007/s12529-011-9167-4
更新日期:2012-09-01 00:00:00