Abstract：
INTRODUCTION:Low socio-economic status (SES) is strongly related to smoking, but studies examining the association of SES with nicotine dependence (ND) are scarce. The aim of this study was to examine the associations of SES and marital status with smoking, multiple measures of ND, and cotinine as a nicotine intake biomarker. METHODS:The sample comprised 1746 ever smokers, sampled from the National FINRISK 2007 Study, who had completed a tobacco specific questionnaire in addition to the standard clinical examination. The Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND), the Heaviness of Smoking Index (HSI), the Nicotine Dependence Syndrome Scale (NDSS), and the Hooked On Nicotine Checklist (HONC) were assessed, while plasma cotinine was measured as a biomarker of nicotine exposure in daily smokers. Univariate and multivariate associations were assessed by linear regression and multinomial logistic regression. RESULTS:In multivariate models, lower education was associated with higher FTND and HSI, income with HSI, and occupation with HSI (men only), FTND, HONC and NDSS scores. Lower education was related to higher cotinine levels among daily smokers, although the association diminished slightly after adjusting for daily smoking amount. Living without a spouse was associated with daily smoking and higher ND. CONCLUSION:In this cross-sectional study low SES was linked with higher ND among current smokers, while low SES was associated with higher cotinine levels among daily smokers. Living alone was linked with higher ND. Longitudinal studies are warranted to further explore these associations. As lower SES smokers are more addicted they may need more targeted cessation services to succeed in quitting smoking.
journal_name
Addict Behavjournal_title
Addictive behaviorsauthors
Pennanen M,Broms U,Korhonen T,Haukkala A,Partonen T,Tuulio-Henriksson A,Laatikainen T,Patja K,Kaprio Jdoi
10.1016/j.addbeh.2014.03.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2014-07-01 00:00:00pages
1145-51issue
7eissn
0306-4603issn
1873-6327pii
S0306-4603(14)00070-7journal_volume
39pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:This study was conducted to identify factors associated with alcohol use among early adolescents. A survey was administered to all Grade 7 and 8 students in 16 Vermont school districts. The questionnaire covered demographics, alcohol, tobacco, and marijuana use, and measures of psychosocial mediators of alcohol use dr...
journal_title：Addictive behaviors
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
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pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
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journal_title：Addictive behaviors
pub_type： 杂志文章
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