Abstract:
BACKGROUND:The partogram (sometimes known as partograph) is usually a pre-printed paper form, on which labour observations are recorded. The aim of the partogram is to provide a pictorial overview of labour, to alert midwives and obstetricians to deviations in maternal or fetal wellbeing and labour progress. Charts often contain pre-printed alert and action lines. An alert line represents the slowest 10% of primigravid women's labour progress. An action line is placed a number of hours after the alert line (usually two or four hours) to prompt effective management of slow progress of labour. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effect of use of partogram on perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality.To determine the effect of partogram design on perinatal and maternal morbidity and mortality. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group's Trials Register (March 2008) and CENTRAL (The Cochrane Library, Issue 3, 2007). SELECTION CRITERIA:Randomised and quasi-randomised controlled trials involving a comparison of partogram with no partogram, or comparison between different partogram designs. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS:Three authors independently assessed eligibility, quality and extracted data. When one author was also the trial author, the two remaining authors assessed the studies independently. MAIN RESULTS:We have included five studies in this review, involving 6187 women; two studies assessed partogram versus no partogram and the remainder assessed different partogram designs. There was no evidence of any difference between partogram and no partogram in caesarean section (risk ratio (RR) 0.64, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.24 to 1.70); instrumental vaginal delivery (RR 1.00, 95% CI 0.85 to 1.17) or Apgar score less than seven at five minutes (RR 0.77, 95% CI 0.29 to 2.06) between the groups. When compared to a four-hour action line, women in the two-hour action line group were more likely to require oxytocin augmentation (RR 1.14, 95% CI 1.05 to 1.22). When the three- and four-hour action line were compared, caesarean section rate was lowest in the four-hour action line group and this difference was statistically significant (RR 1.70, 95% CI 1.07 to 2.70, n = 613 , one trial). AUTHORS' CONCLUSIONS:On the basis of the findings of this review, we cannot recommend routine use of the partogram as part of standard labour management and care. We do recommend that the evidence presented should be used as a basis for discussion between clinicians and women. Further trial evidence is required to establish the efficacy of partogram use.
journal_name
Cochrane Database Syst Revjournal_title
The Cochrane database of systematic reviewsauthors
Lavender T,Hart A,Smyth RMdoi
10.1002/14651858.CD005461.pub2subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-10-08 00:00:00pages
CD005461issue
4issn
1469-493Xpub_type
杂志文章,meta分析,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:The polyethylene insert in a total knee replacement (TKR) can be fixed to the tibial plateau or it can have freedom of rotation and / or translation. It is not yet clear whether there are differences in functional or clinical results between the two prosthesis types. OBJECTIVES:The goal of this review is to...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003130.pub2
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The common cold is a major and recurrent cause of morbidity, on average affecting children and adults two or more times each year. Nasal congestion is its commonest symptom and many therapies are marketed for its relief. There is no meta-analysis of controlled clinical trials on the effects of nasal deconges...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001953.pub3
更新日期:2007-01-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Proponents of therapeutic ultrasound suggest it can decrease pain by resolution of inflammation processes and reducing the pressure on pain sensitive structures by haematoma and oedema. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of therapeutic ultrasound for treating acute perineal pa...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000495
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Acute toxoplasma retinochoroiditis causes transient symptoms of ocular discomfort and may lead to permanent visual loss. Antibiotic treatment primarily aims to reduce the risk of permanent visual loss, recurrent retinochoroiditis, and the severity and duration of acute symptoms. There is uncertainty about th...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002218
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Nosocomial infections continue to be a significant cause of morbidity and mortality among preterm and/or low birth weight (LBW) infants. Preterm infants are deficient in immunoglobulin G (IgG); therefore, administration of intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) may have the potential of preventing or altering the...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000361.pub3
更新日期:2013-07-02 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elevated plasma levels of the amino acid homocysteine (hyperhomocysteinaemia) are associated with narrowing or blocking of the arteries (atherosclerosis). Treatment to lower homocysteine levels has been shown to be both effective and cheap in healthy volunteers. However, the impact of reducing homocysteine l...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003285.pub2
更新日期:2013-07-19 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies have reported high tumour response rates for platinum-containing regimens in the treatment of women with metastatic breast cancer. Most of these studies were conducted prior to the 'intrinsic subtype' era, and did not specifically focus on metastatic triple-negative breast cancers (mTNBCs). OBJECTIV...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003374.pub4
更新日期:2017-06-23 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Malignant, or necrotising, otitis externa is a potentially fatal infection of the external ear canal and surrounding soft tissue and bone. It may be complicated by involvement of cranial nerves, principally the facial nerves and the contents of the jugular foramen. It is an uncommon condition mainly found in...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD004617.pub3
更新日期:2013-05-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:It is commonly thought that combining chemotherapy agents for treating women with metastatic breast cancer will result in regimens that are more active, offer superior tumour response rates with more time before progression and improve overall survival. However, it is not known whether giving patients more i...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003372.pub2
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Circulating progesterone may be the cause of slower gastrointestinal movement in mid and late pregnancy. OBJECTIVES:The objective of this review was to assess the effects of different methods for treating constipation in pregnancy. SEARCH STRATEGY:We searched the Cochrane Pregnancy and Childbirth Group tri...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001142
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The use of short-acting insulin analogues (insulin lispro, insulin aspart, insulin glulisine) for adult, non-pregnant people with type 2 diabetes is still controversial, as reflected in many scientific debates. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of short-acting insulin analogues compared to regular human insu...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013228
更新日期:2018-12-17 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sickle cell disease is the most common hemoglobinopathy occurring worldwide and sickle cell intrahepatic cholestasis is a complication long recognized in this population. Cholestatic liver diseases are characterized by impaired formation or excretion (or both) of bile from the liver. There is a need to asses...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010985.pub3
更新日期:2017-07-31 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Disease-related malnutrition has been reported in 10% to 55% of people in hospital and the community. Dietary advice encouraging the use of energy- and nutrient-rich foods rather than oral nutritional supplements has been suggested as the initial approach for managing disease-related malnutrition. OBJECTIVE...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002008.pub4
更新日期:2011-09-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Elevated levels of total cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein play an important role in the development of atheromas and, therefore, in cardiovascular diseases. Cholesterol biosynthesis follows a circadian rhythm and is principally produced at night (between 12:00 am and 6:00 am). The adjustment of hypoli...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009462.pub2
更新日期:2016-11-26 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Every patient in residential healthcare has a bed. Falling out of bed is associated with preventable patient harm. Various interventions to prevent injury are available. Bed rails are the most common intervention designed to prevent patients falling out of bed; however, their effectiveness is uncertain and b...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008931.pub2
更新日期:2011-11-09 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Indomethacin is used as standard therapy to close a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) but is associated with reduced blood flow to several organs. Ibuprofen, another cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor, may be as effective as indomethacin with fewer side effects. OBJECTIVES:To determine the efficacy and safety of ibupro...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003481.pub5
更新日期:2013-04-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Trabeculectomy is performed as a treatment for glaucoma to lower intraocular pressure (IOP). The surgical procedure involves creating a channel through the wall of the eye. However scarring during wound healing can block this channel which will lead to the operation failing. Anti-vascular endothelial growth ...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009782.pub2
更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Good unaided distance visual acuity (VA) is now a realistic expectation following cataract surgery and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation. Near vision, however, still requires additional refractive power, usually in the form of reading glasses. Multiple optic (multifocal) IOLs are available which claim to a...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD003169.pub4
更新日期:2016-12-12 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Governments use different approaches to ensure that private for-profit healthcare services meet certain quality standards. Such government guidance, referred to as public stewardship, encompasses government policies, regulatory mechanisms, and implementation strategies for ensuring accountability in the deli...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD009855.pub2
更新日期:2016-08-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Cystic Fibrosis is characterised by chest infection, the antibiotic treatment of which has significantly improved the outlook for people with this condition. The unusual nature of organisms that infect the chest of individuals with cystic fibrosis has restricted antibiotic choice. In particular the bacteria,...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002203
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) is a chronic, not malignant, disease of the hematopoietic stem cells, associated with significant morbidity and mortality. It is a rare disease with an estimated incidence of 1.3 new cases per one million individuals per year. The treatment of PNH has been largely em...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD010340.pub2
更新日期:2014-10-30 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:In view of the claims and counter-claims of the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation, it would seem appropriate to systematically review the literature. OBJECTIVES:To determine the effectiveness of transcutaneous electrical nerve stimulation in reducing pain and improving range of mo...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000210.pub2
更新日期:2007-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Studies in traumatic encephalopathy first led to the insight that the damage seen was not just due to direct consequences of the primary injury. A significant, and potentially preventable, contribution to the overall morbidity arose from secondary hypoxic-ischaemic damage. Brain swelling accompanied by raise...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002043
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Multi-strategic community wide interventions for physical activity are increasingly popular but their ability to achieve population level improvements is unknown. OBJECTIVES:To evaluate the effects of community wide, multi-strategic interventions upon population levels of physical activity. SEARCH METHODS:...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD008366.pub3
更新日期:2015-01-05 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:People with depression often experience interpersonal problems. Family therapy for depression is a widely used intervention, but it is unclear whether this is an effective therapy for the treatment of depression. OBJECTIVES:To assess the efficacy of family therapy for depression. SEARCH STRATEGY:The follow...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD006728
更新日期:2007-07-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:A promising approach to the treatment of chronic ischaemic heart disease (IHD) and heart failure is the use of stem cells. The last decade has seen a plethora of randomised controlled trials (RCTs) developed worldwide which have generated conflicting results. OBJECTIVES:The critical evaluation of clinical e...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007888.pub2
更新日期:2014-04-29 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Heated, humidified air has long been used by sufferers of the common cold. The theoretical basis is that steam may help congested mucus drain better and heat may destroy the cold virus as it does in vitro. OBJECTIVES:To assess the effects of inhaling heated water vapour (steam) in the treatment of the commo...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD001728.pub4
更新日期:2011-05-11 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Operative techniques commonly used for fissure in ano include: anal stretch, open lateral sphincterotomy, closed lateral sphincterotomy, posterior midline sphincterotomy and to a lesser extent dermal flap coverage of the fissure. Reports of direct comparisons between operative techniques for anal fissure are...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD002199.pub2
更新日期:2005-04-18 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Among women with early breast cancer, the effects of ovarian ablation on recurrence and death have been assessed by several randomised trials that now have long follow-up. OBJECTIVES:In this report, the Early Breast Cancer Trialists' Collaborative Group present their third 5-yearly systematic overview (meta...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD000485.pub2
更新日期:2008-10-08 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:This is an updated version of the original Cochrane review first published in Issue 9, 2010 on "Interventions for cough in cancer". Cough is a common symptom in patients with malignancies, especially in patients with lung cancer. Cough is not well controlled in clinical practice and clinicians have few manag...
journal_title:The Cochrane database of systematic reviews
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1002/14651858.CD007881.pub3
更新日期:2015-05-19 00:00:00