Dosing in children: a critical review of the pharmacokinetic allometric scaling and modelling approaches in paediatric drug development and clinical settings.

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Vicriviroc is a small-molecule CCR5 antagonist currently in development for the treatment of HIV in patients on a regimen containing a ritonavir-boosted protease inhibitor. As renal disease and renal dysfunction are prevalent in the HIV-infected population, patients with varying degrees of rena...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Kasserra C,Sansone-Parsons A,Keung A,Tetteh E,Assaf M,O'Mara E,Marbury T

更新日期：2010-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Esmolol is an ultra short-acting intravenous cardioselective beta-antagonist. It has an extremely short elimination half-life (mean: 9 minutes; range: 4 to 16 minutes) and a total body clearance [285 ml/min/kg (17.1 L/h/kg)] approaching 3 times cardiac output and 14 times hepatic blood flow. The alpha-distribution hal...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Wiest D

更新日期：1995-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Antipyrine pharmacokinetics were studied in 6 healthy women before and 2, 8 and 12 weeks after administering the injectable progestagen (progestin), norethisterone (norethindrone) enanthate 200mg intramuscularly. Additionally, antipyrine kinetics in 5 women who had previously used the injectable contraceptive for 8 to...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Joshi JV,Gupta KC,Hazari KT,Gokral J,Pohujani S,Satoskar R

更新日期：1986-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The ability of a new multiple-dose non-linear regression analysis program to predict steady-state aminoglycoside peak and trough serum concentrations was evaluated. 30 patients receiving either amikacin (7), gentamicin (10) or tobramycin (13) were studied. A standard method of prediction which requires the collection ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Koup JR,Killen T,Bauer LA

更新日期：1983-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people, mainly living in developing countries. For most of these NTDs, treatment is suboptimal. To optimize treatment regimens, clinical pharmacokinetic studies are required where they have not been previously conducted to enable the use of ph...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Verrest L,Dorlo TPC

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Population pharmacokinetic modelling is widely used within the field of clinical pharmacology as it helps to define the sources and correlates of pharmacokinetic variability in target patient populations and their impact upon drug disposition; and population pharmacokinetic modelling provides an estimation of drug pha...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Sherwin CM,Kiang TK,Spigarelli MG,Ensom MH

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for topical ophthalmic application. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma to lower the intraocular pressure. After absorption via the cornea and stroma, it inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary process, which leads to a reduction of aqueous humour production and the...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Martens-Lobenhoffer J,Banditt P

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Pemetrexed is used for the treatment for non-small cell lung cancer and mesothelioma. Patients with renal impairment are withheld treatment with this drug as it is unknown what dose is well tolerated in this population. OBJECTIVE:The purpose of our study was to investigate the pharmacokinetics (PK) of pemet...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： de Rouw N,Boosman RJ,Huitema ADR,Hilbrands LB,Svensson EM,Derijks HJ,van den Heuvel MM,Burger DM,Ter Heine R

更新日期：2021-01-09 00:00:00

abstract：:The classic approach to describe the pharmacological response to a drug is to analyse its concentration-effect relationship, using a variety of possible models such as maximum effect (Emax) models or sigmoid Emax models. The aim of this review is to discuss an alternative way of describing the pharmacological effect i...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Alván G,Paintaud G,Wakelkamp M

更新日期：1999-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite contributing significantly to the burden of global disease, the translation of new treatment strategies for diseases of the central nervous system (CNS) from animals to humans remains challenging, with a high attrition rate in the development of CNS drugs. The failure of clinical trials for CNS therapies can b...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Srinivas N,Maffuid K,Kashuba ADM

更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fondaparinux sodium is a novel antithrombotic agent, the first of a new class of selective factor Xa inhibitors. It has favourable pharmacokinetics including 100% bioavailability, low variability and a mean terminal half-life of 17 hours for young and 21 hours for elderly healthy volunteers, enabling once-da...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Paolucci F,Claviés MC,Donat F,Necciari J

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of moxifloxacin in 15 consecutive elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) treated with the fixed oral moxifloxacin 400 mg/day regimen with the intent of verifying which degree of exposure may be ensured by this standard ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Pea F,Pavan F,Lugatti E,Dolcet F,Talmassons G,Screm MC,Furlanut M

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The various components required for individualising clinical drug dosage regimens are reviewed, including a study of 3 types of fitting procedures, 2 types of gentamicin pharmacokinetic model and the utility of D-optimal times for obtaining serum gentamicin concentrations. The combination of the current Bayesian fitti...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Jelliffe RW,Iglesias T,Hurst AK,Foo KA,Rodriguez J

更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse the influence of covariates on the apparent clearance (CL) of tacrolimus in paediatric liver transplant recipients being converted from cyclosporin to tacrolimus. DESIGN:Retrospective modelling study. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS:18 children, 13 girls and 5 boys, aged 4 months to 16 years (median 9....

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： García Sánchez MJ,Manzanares C,Santos-Buelga D,Blázquez A,Manzanares J,Urruzuno P,Medina E

更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Bayesian forecasting (BF) methods for tobramycin dose individualisation has not seen widespread clinical adoption, despite being endorsed by clinical practice guidelines. Several freeware and commercial programmes using BF methods are available to support personalised dosing. This study evalua...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Burgard M,Sandaradura I,van Hal SJ,Stacey S,Hennig S

更新日期：2018-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Milrinone is the drug of choice for the treatment and prevention of low cardiac output syndrome (LCOS) in paediatric patients after open heart surgery across Europe. Discrepancies, however, among prescribing guidance, clinical studies and practice pattern require clarification to ensure safe an...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Vogt W

更新日期：2014-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Hepatic and renal insufficiency due to co-infection, alcoholism, diabetes mellitus, family history, adverse effects of antiretrovirals and other factors are commonly seen in HIV-infected patients. Therefore, the use of antiretrovirals in this patient setting requires attention to the pharmacokinetic issues that clinic...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： McCabe SM,Ma Q,Slish JC,Catanzaro LM,Sheth N,DiCenzo R,Morse GD

更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Veliparib (ABT-888) is a potent oral inhibitor of Poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase enzyme that is currently in development for the treatment of non-hematologic and hematologic malignancies. This analysis characterizes the population pharmacokinetics of veliparib, including developing a structural ph...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Salem AH,Giranda VL,Mostafa NM

更新日期：2014-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncertainty exists as to the most suitable pharmacokinetic parameter sets for propofol target-controlled infusions (TCI). The pharmacokinetic parameter sets currently employed are clearly not universally applicable, particularly when patient attributes differ from those of the subjects who participated in the original...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Coetzee JF

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pancuronium is frequently used in coronary artery surgery, but its pharmacokinetics in these patients are still unknown. It is possible that dopamine, administered to prevent renal impairment induced by the surgery, might promote the elimination of pancuronium. Therefore, the pharmacokinetics of a bolus dose of pancur...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Wierda JM,van der Starre PJ,Scaf AH,Kloppenburg WD,Proost JH,Agoston S

更新日期：1990-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Although activity of cytochrome P450 isoenzymes (CYPs) plays a major role in the fate of anticancer agents in patients, there are relatively few clinical studies that evaluate drug metabolism with therapeutic outcome. Nevertheless, many clinical reports in various non-oncology fields have shown the dramatic importance...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Rochat B

更新日期：2005-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Few of the articles published on antibiotics and pregnancy are concerned with pharmacokinetics. It is particularly difficult to evaluate possible alterations in pharmacokinetic parameters that may be due to pregnancy. Most data available have been obtained in connection with abortion or delivery. Such data may not be ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Philipson A

更新日期：1979-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There are many pathological changes in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) which can lead to alterations in drug disposition. Although, in patients with CF, the extent of drug absorption varies widely and the rate of absorption is slower, bioavailability is not altered. Plasma protein binding for the majority of drugs ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Rey E,Tréluyer JM,Pons G

更新日期：1998-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) modeling is a powerful tool used to characterize maturational changes in drug disposition to inform dosing across childhood; however, its use is limited in pediatric drug development. Access to pediatric pharmacokinetic data is a barrier to widespread application of this mo...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Hornik CP,Wu H,Edginton AN,Watt K,Cohen-Wolkowiez M,Gonzalez D

更新日期：2017-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fluconazole was recently developed for the treatment of superficial and systemic fungal infections. Triazole groups and insertion of 2 fluoride atoms increase the polarity and hydrosolubility of the drug, allowing it to be used in a parenteral form. Bioassay methods using Candida pseudotropicalis as a test organism we...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Debruyne D,Ryckelynck JP

更新日期：1993-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Pharmacokinetic parameters of third generation cephalosporins vary widely, requiring different dosage regimens and adjustment methods for each agent. Although their antibacterial spectrum favours their usage in infections caused by aerobic Gram-negative organisms, due to their limited post-antibiotic effect against th...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Yuk-Choi JH,Nightingale CH,Williams TW Jr

更新日期：1992-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Thienopyridines are inactive prodrugs that are converted in vivo to active metabolites, which irreversibly bind to and inactivate platelet P2Y(12) receptors, and inhibit platelet activation and aggregation. Prasugrel is a third-generation thienopyridine, recently approved for prevention of thrombotic cardiovascular co...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Small DS,Farid NA,Payne CD,Konkoy CS,Jakubowski JA,Winters KJ,Salazar DE

更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The plasma protein binding of drugs, particularly those that are highly bound, may have significant clinical implications. Although protein binding is a major determinant of drug action, it is only one of a myriad of factors that influence drug disposition. The extent of protein binding is a function of drug and prote...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Grandison MK,Boudinot FD

更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:The use of an opportunistic (also called scavenged) sampling strategy in a prospective pharmacokinetic study combined with population pharmacokinetic modelling has been proposed as an alternative strategy to conventional methods for accomplishing pharmacokinetic studies in neonates. However, th...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Leroux S,Turner MA,Guellec CB,Hill H,van den Anker JN,Kearns GL,Jacqz-Aigrain E,Zhao W,TINN (Treat Infections in NeoNates) and GRiP (Global Research in Paediatrics) Consortiums.

更新日期：2015-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Short-term antimanic therapy with lithium and relapse-repressive, so-called "prophylactic" long-term therapy with lithium, may present clinical problems which demand an understanding of two cardinal properties of this form of therapy--the need to individualise the dose and the recognition that successful therapy invol...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Amdisen A

更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00