Abstract：
:Pharmacokinetic parameters of third generation cephalosporins vary widely, requiring different dosage regimens and adjustment methods for each agent. Although their antibacterial spectrum favours their usage in infections caused by aerobic Gram-negative organisms, due to their limited post-antibiotic effect against these organisms, dosage regimens should ensure that free drug concentrations at the site of infection remain above the minimum inhibitory concentration for as much of the dosage interval as possible in patients with normal host defence mechanisms and for the entire dosage interval in immunocompromised patients. Altered protein binding encountered in various disease states can affect both microbiological and pharmacokinetic properties especially for drugs with high protein binding. Since the concentrations at the site of action are often different from those in serum, a higher or lower range of dosages needs to be selected depending on the target site. Decreased renal function affects the elimination of most third generation cephalosporins, whereas the presence of hepatic disease does not generally necessitate dosage adjustment. Because of the complex age-related physiological changes in paediatric and elderly patients, dosage should be adjusted on the basis of the reported pharmacokinetic data in these populations. The usual recommended dose may or may not be optimal in a given condition depending on the complex interactions between pharmacokinetic, microbiological and other host factors.
journal_name
Clin Pharmacokinetjournal_title
Clinical pharmacokineticsauthors
Yuk-Choi JH,Nightingale CH,Williams TW Jrdoi
10.2165/00003088-199222020-00004keywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1992-02-01 00:00:00pages
132-43issue
2eissn
0312-5963issn
1179-1926journal_volume
22pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Short-term antimanic therapy with lithium and relapse-repressive, so-called "prophylactic" long-term therapy with lithium, may present clinical problems which demand an understanding of two cardinal properties of this form of therapy--the need to individualise the dose and the recognition that successful therapy invol...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-197702020-00001
更新日期：1977-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Reducing the dose of efavirenz can improve safety, reduce costs, and increase access for patients with HIV infection. According to the World Health Organization, a similar dosing strategy for all patient populations is desirable for universal roll-out; however, it remains unknown whether the 400 mg daily dos...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
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doi：10.1007/s40262-018-0642-9
更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The isoenzymes which catalyse the polymorphic hydroxylations of debrisoquine/sparteine and S-mephenytoin are cytochromes P450 2D6 and P450 2C19 (CYP2D6 and CYP2C19), respectively. CYP2D6 is involved in the stereospecific metabolism of several important groups of drugs, for example antiarrhythmics, antidepressants and ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199529030-00005
更新日期：1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Population pharmacokinetic modelling is widely used within the field of clinical pharmacology as it helps to define the sources and correlates of pharmacokinetic variability in target patient populations and their impact upon drug disposition; and population pharmacokinetic modelling provides an estimation of drug pha...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/BF03261932
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Dasabuvir is a nonstructural (NS) 5B non-nucleoside inhibitor of the hepatitis C virus (HCV) used in combination with ombitasvir/paritaprevir/ritonavir for the treatment of chronic HCV infection. It is primarily metabolized by cytochrome P450 (CYP) 2C8, with a minor contribution from CYP3A. Biotransformation of dasabu...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40262-017-0519-3
更新日期：2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:For the past 300 years antimalarial dosage regimens have not been based on pharmacokinetic information. However, now that this information is available, it is appropriate to examine current recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment. In healthy subjects, the cinchona alkaloids (quinine and quinidine), primaquine an...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-198510030-00001
更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to characterize the relationship between morphine plasma concentration and repeated time to postoperative remedication events in children undergoing cardiac surgery. METHODS:Data from our previously published study of morphine pharmacokinetics were utilized in this pharmacodynamic s...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-016-0398-z
更新日期：2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE:Preterm and term newborn infants show wide interindividual variability (IIV) in pharmacokinetic parameters of gentamicin. More extensive knowledge and use of predictive covariates could lead to faster attainment of therapeutic concentrations and a reduced need for concentration monitoring. This...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-200948040-00003
更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-014-0149-y
更新日期：2014-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199426010-00006
更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-200038030-00005
更新日期：2000-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s40262-020-00883-1
更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40262-015-0351-6
更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To assess the pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic behaviour of moxifloxacin in 15 consecutive elderly patients with acute exacerbation of chronic bronchitis (AECB) treated with the fixed oral moxifloxacin 400 mg/day regimen with the intent of verifying which degree of exposure may be ensured by this standard ...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-200645030-00004
更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-198106050-00005
更新日期：1981-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-198900171-00003
更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Tildrakizumab is an anti-interleukin-23p19 monoclonal antibody recently approved for the treatment of chronic plaque psoriasis. METHODS:This analysis characterizes the population pharmacokinetics of subcutaneous tildrakizumab and identifies covariates influencing exposure in 2098 healthy volunteers and subj...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s40262-019-00743-7
更新日期：2019-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Therapeutic hypothermia can influence the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of drugs, the discipline which is called thermopharmacology. We studied the effect of therapeutic hypothermia on the pharmacokinetics of phenobarbital in asphyxiated neonates, and the clinical efficacy and the effe...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
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更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
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更新日期：1990-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
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更新日期：2015-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40262-020-00875-1
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-200443010-00003
更新日期：2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethnic or racial differences in pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics have been attributed to the distinctions in the genetic, physiological and pathological factors between ethnic/racial groups. These pharmacokinetic/pharmacodynamic differences are also known to be influenced by several extrinsic factors such as soci...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fluvoxamine is a selective inhibitor of serotonin reuptake that is widely used in the management of depression. Following oral administration, the drug is absorbed efficiently from the gastrointestinal tract. Peak plasma concentrations are usually observed within 2 to 8 hours postdose for capsules and film-coated tabl...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199427030-00002
更新日期：1994-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Cyclosporin is a powerful immunosuppressive drug used in transplantation medicine and to treat autoimmune diseases. It is a lipophilic molecule, with its bioavailability dependent on food, bile and other interacting factors. Cyclosporin is extensively metabolised in the liver by the cytochrome P450 3A system, which is...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.2165/00003088-199324060-00004
更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:To analyse the influence of covariates on the apparent clearance (CL) of tacrolimus in paediatric liver transplant recipients being converted from cyclosporin to tacrolimus. DESIGN:Retrospective modelling study. PATIENTS AND PARTICIPANTS:18 children, 13 girls and 5 boys, aged 4 months to 16 years (median 9....
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.2165/00003088-200140010-00005
更新日期：2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Since 1989 there has been an exponential introduction of new antiepileptic drugs (AEDs) into clinical practice and these include eslicarbazepine acetate, felbamate, gabapentin, lacosamide, lamotrigine, levetiracetam, oxcarbazepine, perampanel, pregabalin, retigabine (ezogabine), rufinamide, stiripentol, tiagabine, top...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1007/s40262-013-0087-0
更新日期：2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:From a previously validated paediatric population pharmacokinetic model, it was derived that non-linear morphine maintenance doses of 5 μg/kg(1.5)/h, with a 50 % dose reduction in neonates with a postnatal age (PNA) <10 days, yield similar morphine and metabolite concentrations across patients...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s40262-014-0135-4
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:Tesamorelin is a synthetic analogue of growth hormone-releasing factor (GRF), which increases basal and pulsatile growth hormone (GH) secretion and subsequently increases insulin-like growth factor (IGF)-1. Limited information is available about the pharmacokinetics of this compound. Consequen...
journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1007/s40262-014-0202-x
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
