Formation of active metabolites of psychotropic drugs. An updated review of their significance.

abstract：:The intracellular pharmacokinetics of the different classes of antimicrobials into surrogate markers of tissue accumulation (alveolar macrophages and/or total alveolar cells collected by means of bronchoalveolar lavage or peripheral white blood cells) was reviewed. The aim of this review was to discuss the clinical im...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Pea F

更新日期：2018-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article reviews the information available to assist pharmacokineticists in the prediction of metabolic drug interactions. Significant advances in this area have been made in the last decade, permitting the identification in early drug development of dominant cytochrome P450 (CYP) isoform(s) metabolising a particu...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Bertz RJ,Granneman GR

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The importance of in-depth knowledge about the pharmacokinetics of a drug is evident because pharmacokinetic behaviour may correlate with activity and toxicity. The most elaborate pharmacokinetic investigation is a so-called mass balance study employing a radioactive tracer. A mass balance study investigates the plasm...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Beumer JH,Beijnen JH,Schellens JH

更新日期：2006-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:All of the commonly used anticonvulsants drugs, except possibly primidone, are cleared from the human body mainly by metabolism. The metabolites of phenytoin, phenobarbital and ethosuximide have so far not been shown to possess significant pharmacological activity. However, carbamazepine-10,11-epoxide, derived from ca...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Eadie MJ

更新日期：1991-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:In hypo-albuminemia, the extent of albumin binding of a drug decreases. The resulting change in plasma protein binding only rarely leads to clinically relevant changes in unbound drug exposure. Nevertheless, in the critically ill, a tendency to increase dosing of anti-infective therapy is seen in patients ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： T'jollyn H,Vermeulen A,Van Bocxlaer J,Colin P

更新日期：2018-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Aminoglycosides are important antibacterial agents for the treatment of serious infection. Evidence suggests that high peak plasma concentrations must be achieved early in the course of treatment if these agents are to be effective, but prolonged high concentrations may cause ototoxicity and nephrotoxicity. Peak plasm...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Barclay ML,Begg EJ,Hickling KG

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The influence of anaesthesia and surgery on the pharmacokinetics of pethidine (meperidine) was studied in 12 patients. Plasma pethidine concentrations in central venous blood collected during anaesthesia and the ensuing postoperative hours were by gas chromatography with electron capture detection. Postoperative analg...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Tamsen A,Hartvig P,Fagerlund C,Dahlström B

更新日期：1982-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of anaesthesia and surgery on the pharmacokinetics of ketobemidone were studied in 12 patients. Plasma ketobemidone concentrations were assayed with a mass-fragmentographic method. The peroperative Vd(area) was 5.9 +/- 2.6L/kg and the terminal half-life was 3.9 +/- 1.7 h. In the postoperative period Vd(are...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Tamsen A,Bondesson U,Dahlström B,Hartvig P

更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：INTRODUCTION:Neglected tropical diseases (NTDs) affect more than one billion people, mainly living in developing countries. For most of these NTDs, treatment is suboptimal. To optimize treatment regimens, clinical pharmacokinetic studies are required where they have not been previously conducted to enable the use of ph...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Verrest L,Dorlo TPC

更新日期：2017-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:A population pharmacokinetic (PK) protein-binding model was developed to (1) predict free mycophenolic acid (fMPA) based on total MPA (tMPA) concentrations in renal transplant patients, to establish the therapeutic range of fMPA through pharmacokinetic-pharmacodynamic studies; and (2) provide a guideline for...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Colom H,Andreu F,van Gelder T,Hesselink DA,de Winter BCM,Bestard O,Torras J,Cruzado JM,Grinyó JM,Lloberas N

更新日期：2018-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The treatment of epilepsy in pregnancy is particularly challenging in that the fetal and maternal risks associated with maternal seizures need to be balanced against the potential teratogenic effects of antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Pregnancy is known to affect the pharmacokinetics of older-generation AEDs. Understandin...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Tomson T,Battino D

更新日期：2007-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:18 hypertensive patients with a glomerular filtration rate (GFR) between 3.8 and 113ml/min received guanfacine as single intravenous and multiple oral dose treatment. Mean plasma concentrations of guanfacine on the fifth day or oral treatment ranged from 6.5 to 8.6ng/ml in patients with normal renal function (GFR > 90...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Kirch W,Köhler H,Braun W,von Gizycki C

更新日期：1980-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Haloperidol has been used extensively for the treatment of psychotic disorders, and it has been suggested that the monitoring of plasma haloperidol concentration is clinically useful. Different assay methodologies have been used in research and clinical practice to examine the relationship between response and plasma ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Froemming JS,Lam YW,Jann MW,Davis CM

更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:From a previously validated paediatric population pharmacokinetic model, it was derived that non-linear morphine maintenance doses of 5 μg/kg(1.5)/h, with a 50 % dose reduction in neonates with a postnatal age (PNA) <10 days, yield similar morphine and metabolite concentrations across patients...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Krekels EH,Tibboel D,de Wildt SN,Ceelie I,Dahan A,van Dijk M,Danhof M,Knibbe CA

更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Following administration of equivalent oral doses (30mg) of either prednisone or prednisolone to 5 patients with chronic active liver disease who had failed to respond to therapy, 5 patients with chronic active liver disease in remission induced by prednisone, and 7 healthy volunteers, corticosteroid concentrations we...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Uribe M,Summerskill WH,Go VL

更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Histamine H2-receptor antagonists are a unique class of compounds. Pharmacologically they are characterised as a family by their ability to inhibit the secretion of gastric acid, and kinetically they are classified as a family by their similarity in absorption, distribution and elimination. All the H2-receptor antagon...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Lin JH

更新日期：1991-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dosage adjustments can be difficult and time-consuming, especially for the non-specialist. The objective of this investigation was to obtain shortcut formulae to calculate dosage adjustments for (i) a drug obeying linear pharmacokinetics (i.e. first order) and given orally, by a continuous infusion or by an intermitte...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Belloto RJ Jr

更新日期：2009-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In the treatment of patients with Parkinson's disease, apomorphine has an established place as a back-up therapy if other antiparkinsonian drugs, such as levodopa and oral dopamine agonists, have not controlled the existing response fluctuations. Apomorphine is a synthetic derivative of morphine, with a totally distin...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Neef C,van Laar T

更新日期：1999-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Uncertainty exists as to the most suitable pharmacokinetic parameter sets for propofol target-controlled infusions (TCI). The pharmacokinetic parameter sets currently employed are clearly not universally applicable, particularly when patient attributes differ from those of the subjects who participated in the original...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Coetzee JF

更新日期：2012-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:For the past 300 years antimalarial dosage regimens have not been based on pharmacokinetic information. However, now that this information is available, it is appropriate to examine current recommendations for prophylaxis and treatment. In healthy subjects, the cinchona alkaloids (quinine and quinidine), primaquine an...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： White NJ

更新日期：1985-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With the use of combination chemotherapy as well as a wide range of symptomatic therapies (e.g. analgesics and antiemetics) for the treatment of patients with cancer, the field of oncology practises polypharmacy to an extreme degree. The risk for a drug interaction under these conditions is high, and the pharmacologic...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Balis FM

更新日期：1986-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Ertugliflozin, a selective inhibitor of sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2), is approved in the US, EU, and other regions for the treatment of adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). This review summarizes the ertugliflozin pharmacokinetic (PK) and pharmacodynamic data obtained during phase I clinical developm...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Fediuk DJ,Nucci G,Dawra VK,Cutler DL,Amin NB,Terra SG,Boyd RA,Krishna R,Sahasrabudhe V

更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Reducing the dose of efavirenz can improve safety, reduce costs, and increase access for patients with HIV infection. According to the World Health Organization, a similar dosing strategy for all patient populations is desirable for universal roll-out; however, it remains unknown whether the 400 mg daily dos...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Schalkwijk S,Ter Heine R,Colbers AC,Huitema ADR,Denti P,Dooley KE,Capparelli E,Best BM,Cressey TR,Greupink R,Russel FGM,Mirochnick M,Burger DM

更新日期：2018-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:Fondaparinux sodium is a novel antithrombotic agent, the first of a new class of selective factor Xa inhibitors. It has favourable pharmacokinetics including 100% bioavailability, low variability and a mean terminal half-life of 17 hours for young and 21 hours for elderly healthy volunteers, enabling once-da...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Paolucci F,Claviés MC,Donat F,Necciari J

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:5-Fluorouracil, first introduced as a rationally synthesized anticancer agent 30 years ago, continues to be widely used in the management of several common malignancies including cancer of the colon, breast and skin. This drug, an analogue of the naturally occurring pyrimidine uracil, is metabolised via the same metab...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Diasio RB,Harris BE

更新日期：1989-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clarithromycin is a semisynthetic macrolide antibiotic, structurally related to erythromycin. It has a more favourable pharmacokinetic profile than erythromycin, thus allowing twice-daily administration and possibly increasing compliance among outpatients. Clarithromycin is well absorbed from the gastrointestinal trac...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Fraschini F,Scaglione F,Demartini G

更新日期：1993-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：BACKGROUND:For imatinib, a relationship between systemic exposure and clinical outcome has been suggested. Importantly, imatinib concentrations are not stable and decrease over time, for which several mechanisms have been suggested. In this study, we investigated if a decrease in alpha-1 acid glycoprotein (AGP) is the ...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Bins S,Eechoute K,Kloth JS,de Man FM,Oosten AW,de Bruijn P,Sleijfer S,Mathijssen RH

更新日期：2017-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Dorzolamide is a carbonic anhydrase inhibitor for topical ophthalmic application. It is used in the treatment of glaucoma to lower the intraocular pressure. After absorption via the cornea and stroma, it inhibits carbonic anhydrase in the ciliary process, which leads to a reduction of aqueous humour production and the...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Martens-Lobenhoffer J,Banditt P

更新日期：2002-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Vigabatrin is a structural analogue of the inhibitory neurotransmitter gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA). It is supplied as a racemic mixture, with the S(+) enantiomer possessing pharmacological activity. [R,S]-Vigabatrin plasma concentrations can be estimated using high-performance liquid chromatographic methods. Only g...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Rey E,Pons G,Olive G

更新日期：1992-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Warfarin, like all the 4-hydroxycoumarin compounds, has an asymmetric carbon atom. The clinically available warfarin preparations consist of a racemic mixture of equal amounts of 2 distinct S and R isomers, the former being 4-times more potent as anticoagulant and more susceptible to drug interaction. Warfarin is high...

journal_title：Clinical pharmacokinetics

authors： Palareti G,Legnani C

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00