Lessons learned from the microbial analysis of the Herschel spacecraft during assembly, integration, and test operations.

abstract：:We launched a cryptoendolithic habitat, made of a gneissic impactite inoculated with Chroococcidiopsis sp., into Earth orbit. After orbiting the Earth for 16 days, the rock entered the Earth's atmosphere and was recovered in Kazakhstan. The heat of entry ablated and heated the rock to a temperature well above the uppe...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cockell CS,Brack A,Wynn-Williams DD,Baglioni P,Brandstätter F,Demets R,Edwards HG,Gronstal AL,Kurat G,Lee P,Osinski GR,Pearce DA,Pillinger JM,Roten CA,Sancisi-Frey S

更新日期：2007-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This experiment was aimed at establishing, for the first time, the survival capability of lichens exposed to space conditions. In particular, the damaging effect of various wavelengths of extraterrestrial solar UV radiation was studied. The lichens used were the bipolar species Rhizocarpon geographicum and Xanthoria e...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Sancho LG,de la Torre R,Horneck G,Ascaso C,de Los Rios A,Pintado A,Wierzchos J,Schuster M

更新日期：2007-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Like all low- and moderate-mass stars, the Sun will burn as a red giant during its later evolution, generating of solar luminosities for some tens of millions of years. During this post-main sequence phase, the habitable (i.e., liquid water) thermal zone of our Solar System will lie in the region where Triton, Pluto-C...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Stern SA

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Organics are expected to exist on Mars based on meteorite infall, in situ production, and any possible biological sources. Yet they have not been detected on the martian surface; are they there, or are we not capable enough to detect them? The Viking gas chromatograph-mass spectrometer did not detect organics in the h...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： ten Kate IL

更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Astrobiology is an inherently interdisciplinary area of study, demanding communication across multiple fields: astronomy, geochemistry, planetary science, and so on. Successful communication requires that researchers be aware of the basic findings, open questions, and tools and techniques of allied fields and possess ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Burnam-Fink M,Desch SJ,Scalice D,Davis H,Huff CJ,Apai D

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Viability rates were determined for microbial populations of Escherichia coli and Deinococcus radiodurans under the environmental stresses of low temperature (-35 degrees C), low-pressure conditions (83.3 kPa), and ultraviolet (UV) irradiation (37 W/m(2)). During the stress tests the organisms were suspended in saltwa...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Diaz B,Schulze-Makuch D

更新日期：2006-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:An approach to the origin of life, focused on the property of entities capable of reproducing themselves far from equilibrium, has been developed recently. Independently, the possibility of the emergence of life in the hydrothermal systems possibly present in the deep oceans below the frozen crust of some of...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Pascal R

更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The discovery by NASA's Cassini mission at Saturn in 2005 of a large plume of material erupting from the south polar terrain of Enceladus, sourced within a subsurface ocean of salty liquid water laced with organic compounds, has brought together scientists from a diverse range of disciplines over the last decade to ev...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Porco CC

更新日期：2017-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent discoveries about Europa--the probable existence of a sizeable ocean below its ice crust; the detection of hydrated sodium carbonates, among other salts; and the calculation of a net loss of sodium from the subsurface--suggest the existence of an alkaline ocean. Alkaline oceans (nicknamed "soda oceans" in analo...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Kempe S,Kazmierczak J

更新日期：2002-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigate a new mechanism for producing oxidants, especially hydrogen peroxide (H2O2), on Mars. Large-scale electrostatic fields generated by charged sand and dust in the martian dust devils and storms, as well as during normal saltation, can induce chemical changes near and above the surface of Mars. The most dr...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Atreya SK,Wong AS,Renno NO,Farrell WM,Delory GT,Sentman DD,Cummer SA,Marshall JR,Rafkin SC,Catling DC

更新日期：2006-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The NASA Astrobiology Roadmap provides guidance for research and technology development across the NASA enterprises that encompass the space, Earth, and biological sciences. The ongoing development of astrobiology roadmaps embodies the contributions of diverse scientists and technologists from government, universities...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Des Marais DJ,Allamandola LJ,Benner SA,Boss AP,Deamer D,Falkowski PG,Farmer JD,Hedges SB,Jakosky BM,Knoll AH,Liskowsky DR,Meadows VS,Meyer MA,Pilcher CB,Nealson KH,Spormann AM,Trent JD,Turner WW,Woolf NJ,Yorke HW

更新日期：2003-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Properties of avenues of transformation and their mutualism with forms of organization in dynamic systems are essential for understanding the evolution of prebiotic order. We have analyzed competition between two avenues of transformation in an A↔B system, using the simulation approach called BiADA (Biotic Abstract Du...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Popa R,Cimpoiasu VM

更新日期：2013-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Understanding the impact of active M dwarf stars on the atmospheric equilibrium and surface conditions of a habitable zone Earth-like planet is key to assessing M dwarf planet habitability. Previous modeling of the impact of electromagnetic (EM) radiation and protons from a single large flare on an Earth-like atmosphe...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Tilley MA,Segura A,Meadows V,Hawley S,Davenport J

更新日期：2019-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The hyperarid core of the Atacama Desert is one of the driest and most inhospitable places on Earth, where life is most commonly found in the interior of rocks (i.e., endolithic habitats). Due to the extreme dryness, microbial activity in these habitats is expected to be low; however, the rate of carbon cycling within...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Ziolkowski LA,Wierzchos J,Davila AF,Slater GF

更新日期：2013-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Raman spectroscopy is being adopted as a nondestructive instrumentation for the robotic exploration of Mars to search for traces of life in the geological record. Here, miniaturized Raman spectrometers of two different types equipped with 532 and 785 nm lasers for excitation, respectively, were compared for the detect...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Vítek P,Jehlička J,Edwards HG,Hutchinson I,Ascaso C,Wierzchos J

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Major discrepancies have been noted for some time between fossil ages and molecular divergence dates for a variety of taxa. Recently, systematic trends within avian clades have been uncovered. The trends show that the disparity is much larger for mitochondrial DNA than for nuclear DNA, also that it is larger for crown...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Melott AL

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We revisit the validity of the presence of O(2) or O(3) in the atmosphere of a rocky planet as being a biosignature. Up to now, the false positive that has been identified applies to a planet during a hot greenhouse runaway, which is restricted to planets outside the habitable zone (HZ) of the star that are closer to ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Léger A,Fontecave M,Labeyrie A,Samuel B,Demangeon O,Valencia D

更新日期：2011-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:There is concern in many developed countries that school students are turning away from science. However, students may be choosing not to study science and dismissing the possibility of a scientific career because, in the junior secondary years, they gain a false view of science and the work of scientists. There is a ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Fergusson J,Oliver C,Walter MR

更新日期：2012-12-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The astrobiological significance of certain environment types on Mars strongly depends on the temperature, duration, and chemistry of liquid water that was present there in the past. Recent works have focused on the identification of signs of ancient water on Mars, as it is more difficult to estimate the above-mention...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Kereszturi A

更新日期：2012-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Oligonucleotides are structurally similar to short RNA strands. Therefore, their formation via non-enzymatic reactions is highly relevant to Gilbert's RNA world scenario (1986) and the origin of life. In laboratory synthesis of oligonucleotides from monomers, it is necessary to remove the water molecules from the reac...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Ertem G,Hazen RM,Dworkin JP

更新日期：2007-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We critically investigate some evolutionary aspects of the famous Drake equation, which is usually presented as the central guide for research on extraterrestrial intelligence. It is shown that the Drake equation tacitly relies on unverified assumptions on both the physicochemical history of our galaxy and the propert...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Cirković MM

更新日期：2004-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：UNLABELLED:In this paper, percolation theory is employed to place tentative bounds on the probability p of interstellar travel and the emergence of a civilization (or panspermia) that colonizes the entire Galaxy. The ensuing ramifications with regard to the Fermi paradox are also explored. In particular, it is suggeste...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Lingam M

更新日期：2016-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The emergence of chirality in enantioselective autocatalysis for compounds unable to transform according to the Frank-like reaction network is discussed with respect to the controversial limited enantioselectivity (LES) model composed of coupled enantioselective and non-enantioselective autocatalyses. The LES model ca...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Ribó JM,Crusats J,El-Hachemi Z,Moyano A,Blanco C,Hochberg D

更新日期：2013-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A continuing challenge for scientists is to keep K-12 teachers informed about new scientific developments. Over the past few years, this challenge has increased as new research findings have come from the field of astrobiology. In addition to trying to keep abreast of these new discoveries, K-12 teachers must also fac...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Prather EE,Slater TF

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Epsomite (MgSO(4).7H(2)O) and hexahydrite (MgSO(4).6H(2)O) are common minerals found in marine evaporite deposits, in saline lakes as precipitates, in weathering zones of coal and metallic deposits, in some soils and their efflorescences, and possibly on the surface of Europa as evaporite deposits. Thermodynamic prope...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Chou IM,Seal RR 2nd

更新日期：2003-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Small-scale terracing (microterracettes) is a surface geomorphic feature that recurs under a range of environmental settings, such as those existing in high to low temperature geothermal springs and evaporitic environments, through the single or combined action of physicochemical agents and microbiological processes. ...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Barbieri R,Cavalazzi B

更新日期：2018-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The search for organic biosignatures on Mars will depend on finding material protected from the destructive ambient radiation. Solar ultraviolet can induce photochemical degradation of organic compounds, but certain clays have been shown to preserve organic material. We examine how the SHERLOC instrument on the upcomi...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Razzell Hollis J,Fornaro T,Rapin W,Wade J,Vicente-Retortillo Á,Steele A,Bhartia R,Beegle LW

更新日期：2021-01-25 00:00:00

abstract：:The aim of this study was to examine team functioning within the context of the AMADEE 18 Mars analog project, which took place in Oman in the winter of 2018. Five "Analog Astronauts" participated in this study. Each completed measures of individual-level variables, including demographics and personality, before the s...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： McMenamin J,Allen NJ,Battler M

更新日期：2020-11-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Granitoids are silicic rocks that make up the majority of the continental crust, but different models arise for the origins of these rocks. One classification scheme defines different granitoid types on the basis of materials involved in the melting/crystallization process. In this end-member case, granitoids may be d...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Trail D,Tailby ND,Sochko M,Ackerson MR

更新日期：2015-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The Atacama Desert has long been considered a good Mars analogue for testing instrumentation for planetary exploration, but very few data (if any) have been reported about the geomicrobiology of its salt-rich subsurface. We performed a Mars analogue drilling campaign next to the Salar Grande (Atacama, Chile) in July 2...

journal_title：Astrobiology

authors： Parro V,de Diego-Castilla G,Moreno-Paz M,Blanco Y,Cruz-Gil P,Rodríguez-Manfredi JA,Fernández-Remolar D,Gómez F,Gómez MJ,Rivas LA,Demergasso C,Echeverría A,Urtuvia VN,Ruiz-Bermejo M,García-Villadangos M,Postigo M,Sánchez-R

更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00