Abstract：
:Ilex opaca andIlex verticillata are woody species bearing lowquality, bird-dispersed fall fruits that persist for several months. Tests of secondary chemistry show that fruits of both species contain phenolics and saponins as major classes of secondary metabolites. Soluble carbohydrates are the major nutrients in both species. Ripe fruits from ten trees in both wild and cultivated populations of each species were collected during 1986, 1987, and 1988 and analyzed for phenolic and carbohydrate content using Folin-Denis and anthrone methods, respectively. Fruits from 1987 and 1988 were analyzed for saponin content using hemanalysis. Significant differences were found in the average content of the above chemical classes between the two species and among individuals within each species. The fruits ofIlex opaca are more persistent, higher in phenolics, and lower in saponins and carbohydrates thanJ. verticillata fruits. Generally, there are greater differences in fruit chemistry among plants within a year than within one individual between years. Mechanical defenses were tested by puncturing fruits in situ. No differences in decay were found between punctured and unpunctured fruits.
journal_name
J Chem Ecoljournal_title
Journal of chemical ecologyauthors
Gargiullo MB,Stiles EWdoi
10.1007/BF01402936subject
Has Abstractpub_date
1991-06-01 00:00:00pages
1091-106issue
6eissn
0098-0331issn
1573-1561journal_volume
17pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:A strain of the fungus Fusarium equiseti isolated from soybean cyst nematode secretes nematode-antagonistic compounds. Bioassay-guided fractionation of an extract of the culture broth was undertaken to identify the compounds. Fractions were assayed for activity against a root-knot nematode (Meloidogyne incognita), a p...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010390200571
更新日期：2001-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01122-z
更新日期：2019-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010404624556
更新日期：2001-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01012084
更新日期：1989-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01402946
更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Headspace extracts obtained from agar plate cultures of two marine bacteria from the North Sea (Germany), Loktanella strain BIO-204 and Dinoroseobacter shibae strain DFL-27, were analyzed by GC-MS. Several gamma-lactones and one delta-lactone were identified, besides pyrazines and some sulfur compounds. The absolute c...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-3553-9
更新日期：2005-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02029950
更新日期：1996-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult females of Monochamus alternatus are known to use palpation to recognize oviposition scars that contain eggs and to be deterred from oviposition. This study investigated the oviposition-deterring activity of a jellylike secretion deposited by the females immediately after oviposition and methanol extracts of fem...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1023/a:1010363912326
更新日期：2001-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00990750
更新日期：1982-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-010-9810-6
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Interdigital secretions were collected from eight male white-tailed deer of various ages. Analysis of volatiles was performed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry with a modified headspace technique. Forty-six volatile compounds were found including alkanes, arenes, aldehydes, ketones, aliphatic acids, esters, pyrr...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02272407
更新日期：1996-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ethanolic extract of aerial parts of Artemisia annua L. and artemisinin were evaluated as anti-insect products. In a feeding deterrence assay on Epilachna paenulata Germ (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae) larvae, complete feeding rejection was observed at an extract concentration of 1.5 mg/cm2 on pumpkin leaf tissue. The sam...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-005-5795-y
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Several plants and invertebrates interact and communicate by means of volatile organic compounds (VOCs). These compounds may play the role of infochemicals, being able to carry complex information to selected species, thus mediating inter- or intra-specific communications. Volatile organic compounds derived from the w...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-015-0610-x
更新日期：2015-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The genus Phyllodesmium (Aeolidoidea, Gastropoda) comprises shell-less marine snails, whose defense strategies are not well investigated yet. Here we report results of the first chemical investigation of P. briareum, as well as a re-investigation of P. longicirrum and P. magnum. Briarane diterpenes were isolated from ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-014-0496-z
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02066244
更新日期：1994-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In 2002-2004, we examined the flight responses of 49 species of native and exotic bark and ambrosia beetles (Coleoptera: Scolytidae and Platypodidae) to traps baited with ethanol and/or (-)-alpha-pinene in the southeastern US. Eight field trials were conducted in mature pine stands in Alabama, Florida, Georgia, North ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-009-9613-9
更新日期：2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Phenolic acids and related compounds were separated by gas chromatography using three separate columns. One of these columns was coupled to a Fourier transform infrared spectrometer. The trimethylsilyl derivatives could be separated and identified by comparing the relative retention times of the three different column...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01025891
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female cowpea weevils,Callosobruchus maculatus, produce a sex pheromone that elicits orientation and sexual behavior in males. Bioassay-directed isolation of the sex pheromone was conducted and compounds in the active fraction were identified and synthesized. Volatiles were collected from individual virgin females by ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02029543
更新日期：1996-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Egg deposition by the Large Cabbage White butterfly Pieris brassicae on Brussels sprouts plants induces indirect defense by changing the leaf surface, which arrests the egg parasitoid Trichogramma brassicae. Previous studies revealed that this indirect defense response is elicited by benzyl cyanide (BC), which is pres...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-012-0132-8
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00994595
更新日期：1991-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-009-9650-4
更新日期：2009-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The elytra of females of the white-spotted longhorn beetle, Anoplophora malasiaca (Coleoptera: Cerambycidae), are coated with a contact sex pheromone, which was previously shown to be composed of at least three chemical groups. Individually, the chemical groups had little pheromonal activity, but a blend of all three ...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-019-01069-1
更新日期：2019-06-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02059606
更新日期：1994-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Glutathione transferase activity towards various plant isothiocyanates was studied in larvae of the two generalists, fall armyworm [Spodoptera frugiperda (J.E. Smith)], and cabbage looper [Trichoplusia ni (Hübner)], and the specialist, velvetbean caterpillar (Anticarsia gemmatalis Hübner) using the midgut soluble frac...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01019352
更新日期：1988-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:One commonly observed effect of phytotoxic compounds is the inhibition or delay of germination of sensitive seeds. Mustard (Sinapis alba L.) seeds were incubated with aqueous extracts of sunflower (Helianthus annuus L.) leaves. Although sunflower phytotoxins did not influence seed viability, extracts completely inhibi...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/s10886-006-9183-z
更新日期：2006-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Female sex pheromones ofPeriplaneta americana, P. australasiae, andBlatta orientalis elicit locomotion and upwind orientation in conspecific males. Interspecific attraction between these species was observed in a wind tunnel assay for most species combinations, with the exception ofP. australasiae males not being attr...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00988196
更新日期：1985-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We characterized the variation in cuticular hydrocarbon mixtures between seven colonies of the Formosan subterranean termite,Coptotermes formosanus Shiraki, from the same population. We report differences between castes, between colonies, and within the population over time to assess seasonality. Colonies ofC. formosa...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02028506
更新日期：1996-10-01 00:00:00
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journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF01012138
更新日期：1985-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Tarbush (Flourensia cernua DC) is a native perennial shrub prevalent in many parts of the Chihuahuan Desert. Ruminants have exhibited limited use of tarbush leaves and new leaders as a forage during the summer growing season. Efforts to increase use of tarbush by lambs through spraying with various organic solvents we...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF02059749
更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Larvae of the mothUtetheisa ornatrix are shown to cannibalize eggs in the laboratory. They proved most cannibalistic if they were systemically deficient in pyrrolizidine alkaloid (PA), the defensive agent that protectsUtetheisa at all stages of development against predation, and whichUtetheisa acquire as larvae from t...
journal_title：Journal of chemical ecology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1007/BF00987992
更新日期：1991-11-01 00:00:00
