Abstract:
:Nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) is a ubiquitous transcription factor that regulates immune and cell-survival signaling pathways. NF-κB has been reported to be present in neurons wherein it reportedly responds to immune and toxic stimuli, glutamate, and synaptic activity. However, because the brain contains many cell types, assays specifically measuring neuronal NF-κB activity are difficult to perform and interpret. To address this, we compared NF-κB activity in cultures of primary neocortical neurons, mixed brain cells, and liver cells, employing Western blot of NF-κB subunits, electrophoretic mobility shift assay (EMSA) of nuclear κB DNA binding, reporter assay of κB DNA binding, immunofluorescence of the NF-κB subunit protein p65, quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) of NF-κB-regulated gene expression, and enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) of produced proteins. Assay of p65 showed its constitutive presence in cytoplasm and nucleus of neurons at levels significantly lower than in mixed brain or liver cells. EMSA and reporter assays showed that constitutive NF-κB activity was nearly absent in neurons. Induced activity was minimal--many fold lower than in other cell types, as measured by phosphorylation and degradation of the inhibitor IκBα, nuclear accumulation of p65, binding to κB DNA consensus sites, NF-κB reporting, or induction of NF-κB-responsive genes. The most efficacious activating stimuli for neurons were the pro-inflammatory cytokines tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) and interleukin-beta (IL-β). Neuronal NF-κB was not responsive to glutamate in most assays, and it was also unresponsive to hydrogen peroxide, lipopolysaccharide, norepinephrine, ATP, phorbol ester, and nerve growth factor. The chemokine gene transcripts CCL2, CXCL1, and CXCL10 were strongly induced via NF-κB activation by TNFα in neurons, but many candidate responsive genes were not, including the neuroprotective genes SOD2 and Bcl-xL. Importantly, the level of induced neuronal NF-κB activity in response to TNFα or any other stimulus was lower than the level of constitutive activity in non-neuronal cells, calling into question the functional significance of neuronal NF-κB activity.
journal_name
Neurosciencejournal_title
Neuroscienceauthors
Listwak SJ,Rathore P,Herkenham Mdoi
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.07.013subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-10-10 00:00:00pages
282-299eissn
0306-4522issn
1873-7544pii
S0306-4522(13)00588-5journal_volume
250pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
NEUROSCIENCE文献大全abstract::Adrenergic modulation of glutamatergic spontaneous miniature excitatory postsynaptic currents (mEPSCs) was investigated in mechanically dissociated rat ventromedial hypothalamic (VMH) neurons using a conventional whole-cell patch clamp technique. Noradrenaline (NA) reversibly increased mEPSC frequency without affectin...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.10.049
更新日期:2007-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Rearing rats in isolation has been shown to produce behavioral and neurochemical alterations similar to those observed in psychoses such as schizophrenia. Also, a dysregulation in both the endocannabinoid and dopaminergic systems has been implicated in schizophrenia. The aim of this study was to determine if there are...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.10.043
更新日期:2008-03-03 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) increases the risk for late-onset seizures and neuronal network abnormalities. An elevated co-occurrence of AD and seizures has been established in the more prevalent sporadic form of AD. Recent evidence suggests that nonconvulsive network abnormalities, including seizures and other electroenc...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.11.051
更新日期:2015-02-12 00:00:00
abstract::Amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) is a neurodegenerative disease characterized by the selective degeneration and death of motoneurons in the spinal cord, brainstem and motor cortex which causes progressive muscle weakness and paralysis. Although the molecular mechanisms causing the disease remain unknown, excitotoxi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.10.060
更新日期:2009-02-18 00:00:00
abstract::GABAergic neurons are coextensive with cholinergic neurons in the medial septum-diagonal band complex. Serial sectioning, sequential staining and double immunofluorescence techniques employing antibodies to glutamate decarboxylase and choline acetyltransferase revealed the distribution of these transmitter-specific ne...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(86)90258-7
更新日期:1986-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-invasive criteria determining the progress of brain healing are especially important in aging, providing a case-specific therapeutic strategy in populations with dysregulated neurorepair mechanisms. We hypothesized that temporal evolution of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) of T2 tissue relaxation values correlate...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.09.028
更新日期:2014-12-26 00:00:00
abstract::Affective states, such as anticipatory anxiety, critically influence speech communication behavior in adults who stutter. However, there is currently little evidence regarding the involvement of the limbic system in speech disfluency during interpersonal communication. We designed this neuroimaging study and experimen...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.01.037
更新日期:2018-03-15 00:00:00
abstract::Apolipoprotein E isoforms may have differential effects on a number of pathological processes underlying Alzheimer's disease. Recent studies suggest that the amount, rather than the type, of apolipoprotein E may also be an important determinant for Alzheimer's disease. Therefore, understanding the regulated synthesis ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00224-x
更新日期:2001-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ionotropic glutamate receptors in the substantia nigra pars compacta regulate the activity of dopamine neurons. We have used dual-label immunofluoresence and confocal laser microscopy to study the localization of subunits of two types of ionotropic receptors within the substantia nigra pars compacta of the rat. Immuno...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00328-5
更新日期:1999-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::In the present autoradiographic study, we took advantage of 5-hydroxytryptamine(7) (5-HT(7)) receptor knockout mice to analyze the brain distribution of 5-HT(7) receptor binding sites using [(3)H]5-carboxamidotryptamine (5-CT; a 5-HT(1A/1B/1D/5/7) receptor ligand) and [(3)H]8-hydroxy-2-(di-n-propylamino)tetralin (8-OH...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.014
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Here, we demonstrate in a direct electrophysiological experiment that a neuron can form electrical connections to itself. An isolated identified neuron with a long axon was plated in culture and the axon was looped so that its distal end contacted the cell body. After two days in culture, the cell body and the axon we...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(99)00589-8
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Microglial responses to endotoxin, including the synthesis of inflammatory factors, contribute to gliosis and neuron degeneration in cultured brain tissue. We have previously shown that Gö6976, a protein kinase C (PKC) inhibitor, suppressed the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced production of inflammatory factors in mic...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00356-1
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::During a critical period in its postnatal development the mammalian visual cortex displays susceptibility to experience-dependent alterations of neuronal response properties. Plasticity represents an integrated set of developmental processes controlled by a transcriptional hierarchy that coordinates the action of many...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00570-x
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The diffusible second messenger, nitric oxide, is synthesised in central neurons in response to activation of glutamate receptors or other stimuli that increase cytosolic Ca2+ concentrations. Among the many roles suggested for nitric oxide in the central nervous system is that of mediating synaptic plasticity. For exa...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(95)00349-n
更新日期:1995-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intermittent hypoxia induces 5-HT-dependent, pattern-sensitive long-term facilitation (LTF) of spinal respiratory motor output. We used a split-bath in vitro neonatal rat brainstem-spinal cord preparation to test whether: 1) intermittent spinal 5-HT exposure (without hypoxia) is sufficient to induce LTF in phrenic and...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.06.036
更新日期:2006-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::Light and electron microscopic immunocytochemical methods were used to study the distribution and the morphology of substance P-positive fibers and axon terminals in the dorsal column nuclei of rats and cats, and to determine whether they are part of an ascending input to these nuclei. In rats, substance P-positive fi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(90)90168-4
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::It has been proposed that two amino acid substitutions in the transcription factor FOXP2 have been positively selected during human evolution and influence aspects of speech and language. Recently it was shown that when these substitutions are introduced into the endogenous Foxp2 gene of mice, they increase dendrite l...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.042
更新日期:2011-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::A lack of thyroid hormone in the postnatal period causes an irreversible mental retardation, characterized by a slowing of thoughts and movements accompanied by prolonged latencies of several evoked potentials and slowed electroencephalographic rhythms. Here we show that in cultured hippocampal and cortical neurons fr...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.047
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::In neuronal cultures it has been demonstrated that neurotrophins can elicit neuronal death through the p75 neurotrophic receptor (p75ntr) in the absence of concomitant Trk signaling. However, it was suggested that p75ntr induces neuronal death after status epilepticus (SE) in neuronal populations that express relative...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.038
更新日期:2008-06-26 00:00:00
abstract::This mini-review starts with a summary of the crucial contributions Ricardo Miledi made to our understanding of how the action potential triggers fast, synchronous transmitter release. It then transitions to the discovery of synaptotagmin and its role as the exocytotic Ca2+ sensor at nerve terminals. The final section...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2019.04.030
更新日期:2020-07-15 00:00:00
abstract::Serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) have been implicated in the mediation of endogenous analgesic mechanisms via the descending inhibitory pain pathway in the brain, and dysfunction in both the 5-HT and NE systems has been suggested as an etiology of fibromyalgia (FM). Given that 5-HT reuptake inhibition in the b...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.12.065
更新日期:2015-03-19 00:00:00
abstract::In vitro autoradiography was used to examine the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor in the brain of a baboon species, Papio anubis, and compared to that of Papio papio which exhibits a photosensitive epilepsy. The epilepsy originates in the frontal cortex and is accompanied by an enhanced sensitivity to N-methyl-D-aspartat...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90106-1
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The amyloid beta precursor protein can exist as both a membrane-bound and a secreted protein, with the former having the potential to generate the amyloid beta peptide present in the neuritic plaques which are characteristic of Alzheimer's disease. In this study, we have used a clone of the AtT20 mouse pituitary cell ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00361-3
更新日期:1999-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Δ⁹ tetrahydrocannabinol (THC) and cannabidiol (CBD) are the principal psychoactive and nonpsychoactive components of cannabis. While most THC-induced behavioral effects are thought to depend on endogenous cannabinoid 1 (CB1) receptors, the molecular targets for CBD remain unclear. Here, we report that CBD and THC inhi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.03.066
更新日期:2011-06-16 00:00:00
abstract::Spumiform basement membrane degeneration (sbmd) is a specific kind of aberration present in the capillaries of the midbrain periaqueductal gray (PAG) region of the senescent hamster. These capillaries, separated by the ependymal cell layer, are bordering the Sylvian cerebral aqueduct. The aqueduct, connecting the 3rd ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2012.10.021
更新日期:2013-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::The entorhinal cortex and other hippocampal and parahippocampal cortices are interconnected by a small number of GABAergic nonpyramidal neurons in addition to glutamatergic pyramidal cells. Since the cortical and basolateral amygdalar nuclei have cortex-like cell types and have robust projections to the entorhinal cor...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2015.01.028
更新日期:2015-04-02 00:00:00
abstract::Microglia, the innate immune cells of the brain, regulate brain development through many processes such as synaptic pruning, supporting cell genesis and phagocytosing living and dying cells. There are sex differences in these same developmental processes throughout the brain, thus microglia may contribute to brain sex...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2020.10.009
更新日期:2021-01-15 00:00:00
abstract::Aquaporin-4 (AQP4), a water-selective membrane transport protein, is up-regulated in astrocytes in various inflammatory lesions, including Parkinson disease (PD). However, the exact functional roles of AQP4 in neuroinflammation remain unknown. In the present study, we investigated how AQP4 participates in the neuroinf...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.003
更新日期:2016-03-11 00:00:00
abstract::Physiological evidence has indicated that serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) could be a regulator of cerebral blood flow in various regions of the brain. In the present study, tryptophan hydroxylase immunocytochemistry was used to characterize, both at the light and electron microscopic levels, serotonergic nerve termina...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(94)00625-f
更新日期:1995-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Alzheimer's disease (AD) is characterized by the accumulation and deposition of plaques of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide in the brain. Growing epidemiological and experimental studies have shown that 1,25-dihydroxyvitamin D3 (1,25(OH)2D3) exerts neuroprotection against AD. However, the underlying mechanisms of the action rem...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.01.041
更新日期:2016-05-13 00:00:00