Abstract:
:Venous insufficiency can be defined as a fixed venous outflow disturbance of the limbs. It is caused by the malfunction of the venous system, that may or may not be associated with venous valvular insufficiency and may involve the superficial or deep venous system of the lower limbs, or both. The CEAP scale includes clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophysiologic aspects and has been used in the assessment of venous insufficiency Clinical classification comprises of 7 groups. It takes into account the appearance of the skin of the lower limbs, presence of edema, teleangiectasis and varicose ulcers. CLINICAL GRADING: Group C0 - no visible changes in the clinical examination; Group C1 - telangiectasis, reticular veins, redness of the skin around the ankles; Group C2 - varicose veins, Group C3 - the presence of edema without skin changes; Group C4 - lesions dependent of venous diseases (discoloration, blemishes, lipodermatosclerosis); C5 Group - skin changes described above with signs of healed venous ulcers; Group C6 - skin lesions such as in groups C1 to C4 plus active venous ulcers. ETIOLOGICAL CLASSIFICATION INCLUDES: Ec - congenital defects of the venous system, Ep - primary pathological changes of the venous system, without identification of their causes; Es - secondary causes of venous insufficiency of known etiology (post-thrombotic, post-traumatic, etc.). There are many methods of assessing the venous system. One of the most accurate methods is an ascending phlebography which is especially useful in determining detailed anatomy of the venous system, venous patency and identification of perforans veins. The second method may be a descending phlebography useful in determining the venous reflux and morphology of venous valves. Another radiological method is varicography in which the injection of the contrast medium directly into the veins is performed. It is especially useful in the ,,mapping" of venous connections. Trans-uterine phlebography when contrast medium is injected into the bottom of the uterus and its flow is observed, is a very rare test. A similar method is used in a selective phlebography of the ovarian vein and internal iliac vein. This examination is performed when there is a suspicion of connections between varicose veins of the inferior extremities and the pelvis, in case of the occluded iliac and femoral veins. However these tests are highly invasive, causing a lot of discomfort and are connected with numerous complications, particularly the development of venous thromboembolism. An invasive study but not exposing to the emission of ionizing radiation, is a measurement of the marching pressure (known also as ambulatory venous pressure - AVP). Ultrasound Doppler is the "gold standard" in the diagnosis of venous system. Color Doppler technique is irreplaceable due to its non-invasiveness, availability constantly improving of the ultrasound machines and is the method of choice in pregnancy Unfortunately clinical correlation of Doppler ultrasound and thrombosis is bad. Invasive methods, which include various types of phlebographies, have been reserved only for cases of very high diagnostic doubt.
journal_name
Ginekol Poljournal_title
Ginekologia polskaauthors
Kasperczak J,Ropacka-Lesiak M,Breborowicz HGdoi
10.17772/gp/1540subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2013-01-01 00:00:00pages
51-5issue
1eissn
0017-0011issn
2543-6767journal_volume
84pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Transvaginal ultrasound scanning was performed on 59 years old women with postmenopausal bleeding in anamnesis. Endometrial thickness was measured at its maximum in both longitudinal and transverse sections of the uterus. Also the thickness of uterus walls and ovaries in 3 planes were measured. Endometrium was irregul...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obesity-related metabolic and functional disorders may disturb adaptation process taking place in pregnant women body. Insufficient adaptation may lead to development of several medical complications during pregnancy, labor, delivery, and puerperium. Maternal obesity is associated with increased frequencies of hyperte...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:1999-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The objective of the study was to investigate the detection rates of Chlamydia trachomatis, Neisseria gonorrhoeae, Mycoplasma genitalium, Mycoplasma hominis, Ureaplasma urealyticum, Gardnerella vaginalis, Escherichia coli, Streptococcus agalactiae and Enterococcus faecalis, showing no clinical signs of an on...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.17772/gp/1588
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Natural cytotoxic activity in the umbilical blood was estimated in 52 healthy newborns. Mononuclear cells were isolated from the umbilical blood using Boym's method. The mean natural cell cytotoxicity in the examined group was 7.05 +/- 0.9 (SD). ...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1996-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Therapeutic hypothermia TH became broadly used in the management of the asphyxiated newborns. Although two cooling methods are used, so far the superiority of none of them has been established. The purpose of the study is to compare two cooling methods: selective head cooling (SHC) and whole body cooling (WB...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.5603/GP.2019.0069
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The role of the peritoneal fluid in the physiology of reproduction, as well as in the transportation and survival of gametes, is little recognized. Taking this into consideration, the authors have examined the occurrence of spermatozoa in the peritoneal fluid, collected from patients during diagnostic laparoscopies, f...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1995-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Infertility has been recognized by WHO a disease concerning males and females. It is a serious social problem, therefore the evaluation of its reasons, its prevention and treatment is a subject of clinical studies. OBJECTIVE:To define the reasons of infertility and factors affecting fertility. MATERIAL AND...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2005-12-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Malignant neoplasm of the endometrium is the most common malignant neoplasm of the female reproductive system. Toll Like Receptors (TLR) play a significant role in innate and late-immunity against infections or damaged tissues. TLRs are also involved in the development of tumors in their natural microenvir...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5603/GP.2020.0073
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Uterine arteriovenous malformations are uncommon but potentially life-threatening conditions. They can be congenital or acquired and should be suspected in cases of severe or persistent uterine bleeding. In recent years, there has been an in-creasing number of reports of acquired vascular lesions of the uterus followi...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.5603/GP.a2018.0047
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three different variants of biologically agressive cervical cancers, such as: basaloid carcinoma, glassy cell carcinoma and small cell endocrine carcinoma, have been reported. Hematoxylin and eosin, periodic acid-Schiff and immunohistochemical stains were used. The course of disease and aplication of treatment has bee...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2007-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:To assess the results of clomiphene citrate ovarian stimulation vs laparoscopic electrocoagulation of the ovaries in infertile women with PCOS. DESIGN:47 women with PCOS were included into the study. 25 of them had ovarian stimulation using clomiphene citrate (100 mg for 5 consecutive days, during 6 cycle) a...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of the study is to present data concerning Neugebauer-Le Fort operations performed at the Gynecologic Oncology Clinic, Polish Mother's Health Center Research Institute in Lodz between 2000-2009, including the effects of the surgeries on improving quality of life. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Our research in...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.17772/gp/2063
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this study was to compare 90 Misgav-Ladach cesarean section by the Joel-Cohen method with 45 others with Pfannenstiel incision. The Misgav-Ladach technique involves the Joel-Cohen method, that is a superficial transverse cut in the cutis, a small midline incision in the fascia, then blunt preparation of...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Three thousand and twelve (3012) diagnostic laparoscopies in children, girls and women were carried out during the period 1970--1992. The age of the patients was between 6--49 years. The present studies show that laparoscopy fills up the space between the clinical investigation and laparotomy probatoria. It helps to s...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1992-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Chlamydia trachomatis (CT) infection during pregnancy might be the reason of an increased risk of preterm delivery and premature rupture of membranes. CT could also be responsible for the presence of intrauterine growth restriction, chorionamnionitis and post partum endometritis. It is the most common sexual...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Homocysteine (HCY) is an amino acid being a methionin catabolite. The action of HCY is multi-directional and not yet fully known. Follicular fluid also contains homocysteine. Disorders of the composition of follicular fluid as an microenvironment of an oocyte may influence its development. AIM:The aim of ou...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:The aim of the study was to assess the significance of some perinatal risk factors and neonatal complications in occurrence of nosocomial infections in the population of NICU patients. MATERIAL AND METHODS:Analysis of risk factors was performed in all patients treated in the years 2005-2008 in NICU Departme...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:UNLABELLED:Gestational Diabetes (GDM) is characterized by insulin resistance and a pro-inflammatory state, both factors possible related to adipokine expression. SUBJECTS AND METHODS:The study included 20 women with GDM, diagnosed according to the WHO criteria, and 23 matched for age and BMI women with normal glucose ...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Concentrations of Vitamin-C in the urine were determined in 35 women, 25 with normal ovulation and 10 with anovulatory cycles, in an attempt to evaluate the day of ovulation. The concentration was determined daily for 8 days after the oral administration of 500 mg of ascorbic acid. Results were confirmed by comparin...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:1977-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Acute puerperal uterine inversion is a rare but very feared obstetrical complication. It determines an almost immediate shock and serious metrorrhagia. It is a introflexion of parietes uteri which takes place during the third stage of labor or during the first hours of puerperium. It can be distinguished in ...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2001-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The most common and generally accepted methods of breast cysts treatment are fine needle aspiration or surgical excision. None of these methods allow to avoid or decrease number of recurrences. Regarding hormonal disturbances as a main reason for breast cysts also conservative treatment should be given. DES...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2002-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::During menopausal transition not only ovarian production of estrogens but also marked decrease of adrenal androgen production are observed Decreased secretion of adrenal DHEA and DHEA-S result in reduction of peripheral conversion of these steroids into active estrogens and androgens. Intracrinology describes the bios...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::EPH-gestosis is accompanied by an extensive remodelling of the extracellular matrix of the umbilical cord arteries, vein and Wharton's jelly. For better understanding of processes proceeding in it we decided to determine proteolytic activity in acidic pH range. Presented results suggest that cathepsin D is one of the ...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Placental mesenchymal dysplasia (PMD) is a rare benign vascular anomaly of the placenta. It can be misdiagnosed as a molar pregnancy resulting in unnecessary termination of pregnancy. A 30-year-old woman was referred to our hospital at 18 gestational weeks due to suspicion of molar pregnancy. The ultrasound showed a b...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5603/GP.a2020.0129
更新日期:2020-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Leiomyomatosis peritonealis disseminata(LPD) is a rare smooth muscle pathology, characterized by the presence of multiple tumors in peritoneal cavity mimicking a malignant process with metastases. The diagnosis may be difficult in some cases as the results of ultrasonography and CT imaging may suggest malignancy. The ...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:
更新日期:2004-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a common complication of pregnancy In the course of pregnancy elevated levels of hormones and other proteins having insulin-antagonistic effects lead to higher insulin resistance in peripheral tissues, followed by hyperinsulinemia. Risk factors for the development of GDM have bee...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.17772/gp/2429
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Ovarian reserve is the main factor influencing the efficacy of infertility treatment. Currently the anti- Müllerian hormone is the main indicator of the ovarian reserve and has a wide spectrum of clinical importance. It achieved a high clinical value right after the introduction of the first commercial AMH a...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:Newborns hyperbilirubinemia is an interesting, complicated and controversial clinical problem. An elevated concentration of it can be connected with increased risk of jaundice. Also, maternal bilirubin can play a part in the development of jaundice in mature newborns. MATERIAL AND METHODS:The research inclu...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Scientific journals are ranked and evaluated to measure their relative importance and influence on science within a specific field. One of the tools most widely used to evaluate and compare journals is the Thomson Reuters Impact Factor In Poland a specific value of a scientist's Impact Factor is required for academic ...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 社论
doi:
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVES:The aim of this study was to evaluate the safety, feasibility, and effectiveness of transvaginal myomectomy surgery. MATERIAL AND METHODS:We conducted a retrospective study in Shengjing Hospital of China Medical University. In all, 138 patients underwent transvaginal myomectomy from March 2009 to March 2019...
journal_title:Ginekologia polska
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.5603/GP.2019.0106
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00