Abstract：
:Longitudinal information requires the notion of repeated measurements throughout time. Such data is important because it allows the determination of the effectiveness of an intervention program. Research in competitive swimming has given special emphasis to energetics and biomechanics as determinant domains to improve performance. The purpose of this systematic review was to summarize longitudinal evidences on the energetic, biomechanical, and performance status of elite swimmers. A computerized search was made in 6 databases, conference proceedings, and department files. The 28 studies that satisfied the inclusion criteria were selected for analysis. Studies' qualitative evaluation was made by 2 independent reviewers using the Quality Index. These studies were then gathered into 3 main categories according to their reported data: energetics (n = 18), biomechanics (n = 9), and performance (n = 8). The conclusions were as follows: (a) elite swimmers are able to demonstrate from slight to substantial changes in their performance and energetic and biomechanical profiles within and between seasons; (b) the magnitude of change is dependent on the characteristics of the training programs, the duration of the intervention, and subject's gender; and (c) future research should emphasize the use of more complex procedures to improve the quality of the interventions.
journal_name
J Strength Cond Resjournal_title
Journal of strength and conditioning researchauthors
Costa MJ,Bragada JA,Marinho DA,Silva AJ,Barbosa TMdoi
10.1519/JSC.0b013e318257807fsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-07-01 00:00:00pages
2006-16issue
7eissn
1064-8011issn
1533-4287journal_volume
26pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：:Conservative management of rotator cuff pathology often involves certain therapeutic exercises. Although a major goal of these exercises is to increase strength of the rotator cuff, little empirical evidence supports this assertion. In this study, 34 nonpathologic young adults were pretested using a LIDO Multijoint II...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：
更新日期：2002-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Aquino, R, Munhoz Martins, GH, Palucci Vieira, LH, and Menezes, RP. Influence of match location, quality of opponents and match status on movement patterns in brazilian professional football players. J Strength Cond Res 31(8): 2155-2161, 2017-The aim of this study was to examine the independent and interactive effects...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000001674
更新日期：2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of work-interval duration (WID) and intensity on the time spent at, or above, 95% VO2max (T95 VO2max) during intermittent bouts of supramaximal exercise. Over a 5-week period, 7 physically active men with a mean (+/-SD) age, height, body mass, and VO2max of 22 +/- 5 ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181bc19b1
更新日期：2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Ramírez-Vélez, R, Castro-Astudillo, K, Correa-Bautista, JE, González-Ruíz, K, Izquierdo, M, García-Hermoso, A, Álvarez, C, Ramírez-Campillo, R, and Correa-Rodríguez, M. The effect of 12 weeks of different exercise training modalities or nutritional guidance on cardiometabolic risk factors, vascular parameters and phys...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000003533
更新日期：2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine lower extremity kinematics following implementation of the Sportsmetrics Warm-Up for Injury Prevention and Performance (WIPP) training program. The hypothesis was that there would be no difference in landing mechanics between 2 groups of female youth soccer players (9-11 years ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/R-17585.1
更新日期：2006-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine, based on the time course of the velocity and stride pattern recorded in each 50-m segment of a 400-m competition, whether elite 400-m runners present the same pacing strategy as less successful athletes. Based on video data, 3 different levels of performance were analyzed: w...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e318194e071
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the effects of cycle ergometry high-intensity interval training (HIIT) with and without beta-alanine supplementation on maximal oxygen consumption rate (VO2 peak), cycle ergometer workload at the ventilatory threshold (VT W), and body composition. Forty-four women (mean...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181d82f8b
更新日期：2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study examined postactivation potentiation (PAP) and its effect on performance during sprint swimming. After maximal muscular contraction, the muscles are in both a potentiated and fatigued state. However, fatigue dissipates faster than potentiation, creating a window of opportunity for possible performance enhan...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000000744
更新日期：2015-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Williams, KJ, Chapman, DW, Phillips, EJ, and Ball, N. Load-power relationship during a countermovement jump: A joint level analysis. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 955-961, 2018-This study aimed to investigate whether hip, knee, and ankle peak power is influenced by the relative load lifted, altering the joint and system ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000002432
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to identify the variation of heart rate (HR), rating of perceived exertion (RPE), and technical actions between 2 soccer small-sided games (SSGs; 3 × 3 and 4 × 4) in 3 game type constraints (when playing only offense [OFF], playing only defense [DEF], and both situations [GAME]). Sixteen ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e31822dd398
更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to analyze the acute effect of static stretching on the performance of multiple sets in the bench press (BP) exercise. Fifteen men (26.2 ± 0.7 years, 72.4 ± 1.3 kg, 1.78 ± 0.1 m, 22.8 ± 0.3 kg·m) performed 4 sets of the BP exercise at 80% of 1 repetition maximum until concentric failure, ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000000257
更新日期：2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of sprint training on muscle function and dynamic athletic performance and to compare them with the training effects induced by standard plyometric training. Male physical education students were assigned randomly to 1 of 3 groups: sprint group (SG; n = 30), plyome...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/R-19535.1
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study aimed to clarify the relationship between upper-body strength and bat swing speed in high-school baseball players and to examine the physical characteristics of home run hitters (sluggers). The subjects were 30 male high-school baseball players with national tournament experience at the Koshien Stadium. Bat...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e318236d126
更新日期：2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of circuit training directed toward motion and action velocity over the sprint-agility and anaerobic endurance. A total of 32 healthy male physical education students with a mean age of 23.92 +/- 1.51 years were randomly allocated into a circuit training group (CTG...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b3dfc0
更新日期：2009-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Recent studies have suggested that subtetanic neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) protocols applied to the quadriceps and hamstrings may have potential as an alternative aerobic exercise modality. However, its tolerability and effectiveness in the physically active population has been questioned. The primary p...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e318252f5e5
更新日期：2013-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lamoureux, NR, Tomkinson, GR, Peterson, BJ, and Fitzgerald, JS. Relationship between skating economy and performance during a repeated-shift test in elite and subelite ice hockey players. J Strength Cond Res 32(4): 1109-1113, 2018-The purpose of this study was to determine the importance of skating economy to fatigue ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000002418
更新日期：2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this case study is to establish how a gradual increase in fatigue affects the position of the arms and shoulders during a long shot in a basketball game. For this purpose, Primoz Brezec, an elite National Basketball Association player, performed a total of 7 series of 20 shots from a distance of 7.24 m....
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181a07a27
更新日期：2009-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study was conducted to investigate whether the low-frequency (5-Hz) oscillatory vibration-like stimulus, purported to be delivered by exercising with Flexi-bar, acutely affects muscle activation and maximal voluntary contraction (MVC) force. Nine healthy men participated in 2 trials, separated by at least 1 week,...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181c7c2d8
更新日期：2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Over the past century, increases in both longevity and the number of older adults in the U.S.A. have given rise to greater numbers of functionally limited and disabled older adults. This has resulted in a decline in the quality of life of our elderly population, as well as an increased burden on our health care system...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验,评审
doi：10.1519/R-20546.1
更新日期：2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to compare the performance in repeated sprint ability (RSA) and repeated changes-of-direction (RCOD) among elite soccer players with different age categories. Forty-nine elite soccer players from the same club and from different age categories (Pro2: n = 8, U19: n = 18, U17: n = 13...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e31827f540c
更新日期：2013-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:An excessive load in resisted sprint training can produce changes in running patterns. Therefore, load control is essential to ensure the specificity of these training methods. The most common way to control it is through the percentage of velocity lost in relation to maximum velocity. The present paper describes a st...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e318198f92c
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This study sought to compare the anthropometric profiles of 17 weaker and 17 stronger Australasian and Pacific powerlifters who had competed in a regional-, national-, or international-level powerlifting competition in New Zealand. Stronger lifters were defined as those having a Wilks score greater than 410, whereas t...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181b8d67a
更新日期：2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:We examined the effects of active dehydration by exercise in a hot, humid environment on anaerobic muscular power using a test-retest (euhydrated and dehydrated) design. Seven subjects (age, 27.1 +/- 4.6 years; mass, 86.4 +/- 9.5 kg) performed upper and lower body Wingate anaerobic tests prior to and after a 1.5-hour ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181635ba5
更新日期：2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Compression garments (CGs) have been previously shown to enhance proprioception; however, this benefit has not been previously shown to transfer to improved performance in sports skills. The purpose of this study was to assess whether enhanced proprioception and comfort can be manifested in improved sports performance...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000000909
更新日期：2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of amino acid supplementation on muscular strength, power, and high-intensity endurance during short-term resistance training overreaching. Seventeen resistance-trained men were randomly assigned to either an amino acid (AA) or placebo (P) group and underwent 4 week...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/1533-4287(2003)017<0250:teoaas>2.0.co;2
更新日期：2003-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Fitzpatrick, JF, Hicks, KM, Russell, M, and Hayes, PR. The reliability of potential fatigue-monitoring measures in elite youth soccer players. J Strength Cond Res XX(X): 000-000, 2019-Monitoring fatigue is of vital importance to practitioners; however, logistics and concerns about reliability may impede the use of cer...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000003317
更新日期：2019-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：:Chapman, M, Larumbe-Zabala, E, Gosss-Sampson, M, Triplett, NT, and Naclerio, F. Using perceptual and neuromuscular responses to estimate mechanical changes during continuous sets in the bench press. J Strength Cond Res 33(10): 2722-2732, 2019-This study analyzed the effectiveness of the OMNI-RES (0-10) and the electro...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000002516
更新日期：2019-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a 6-week, periodized squat training program, with or without whole-body low-frequency vibration (WBLFV), on jump performance. Males ranged in age from 20 to 30 years and were randomized into groups that did squat training with (SQTV, n = 13) or without (SQT, n = ...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi：10.1519/JSC.0b013e3181821a1a
更新日期：2008-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Schulze, A, Laessing, J, Kwast, S, and Busse, M. Influence of a vented mouthguard on physiological responses in handball. J Strength Cond Res 34(7): 2055-2061, 2020-Mouthguards (MGs) improve sports safety. However, airway obstruction and a resulting decrease in performance are theoretical disadvantages regarding their...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000002596
更新日期：2020-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:To verify the metabolic responses of oxygen consumption (V[Combining Dot Above]O2), heart rate (HR), blood lactate concentrations [La], and rate of perceived exertion (RPE) when swimming at an intensity corresponding to the critical velocity (CV) assessed by a 4-parameter model (CV4par), and to check the reliability w...
journal_title：Journal of strength and conditioning research
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1519/JSC.0000000000001239
更新日期：2016-05-01 00:00:00
