Abstract:
:The coronary collateral circulation is critically important as an adaptation of the heart to prevent the damage from ischemic insults. In their native state, collaterals in the heart would be classified as part of the microcirculation, existing as arterial-arterial anastomotic connections in the range of 30 to 100 μM in diameter. However, these vessels also show a propensity to remodel into components of the macrocirculation and can become arteries larger than 1000 μM in diameter. This process of outward remodeling is critically important in the adaptation of the heart to ischemia because the resistance to blood flow is inversely related to the fourth power of the diameter of the vessel. Thus, an expansion of a vessel from 100 to 1000 μM would reduce resistance (in this part of the circuit) to a negligible amount and enable delivery of flow to the region at risk. Our goal in this review is to highlight the voids in understanding this adaptation to ischemia-the growth of the coronary collateral circulation. In doing so we discuss the controversies and unknown aspects of the causal factors that stimulate growth of the collateral circulation, the role of genetics, and the role of endogenous stem and progenitor cells in the context of the normal, physiological situation and under more pathological conditions of ischemic heart disease or with some of the underlying risk factors, e.g., diabetes. The major conclusion of this review is that there are many gaps in our knowledge of coronary collateral growth and this knowledge is critical before the potential of stimulating collateralization in the hearts of patients can be realized. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled "Coronary Blood Flow".
journal_name
J Mol Cell Cardioljournal_title
Journal of molecular and cellular cardiologyauthors
Chilian WM,Penn MS,Pung YF,Dong F,Mayorga M,Ohanyan V,Logan S,Yin Ldoi
10.1016/j.yjmcc.2011.12.006subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-04-01 00:00:00pages
905-11issue
4eissn
0022-2828issn
1095-8584pii
S0022-2828(11)00496-2journal_volume
52pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Angiotensin (Ang) II plays an important role in post-myocardial infarction (MI) cardiac remodeling. The Ang II type 1 (AT(1)) receptor which mediates most Ang II effects is upregulated on non-myocytes in the post-MI heart. We have shown that pro-inflammatory cytokines increase AT(1) receptor density on cardiac fibrobl...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2004.12.015
更新日期:2005-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies to test whether superoxide dismutase (SOD), with or without catalase, limits myocardial infarct size have produced conflicting results. Positive results following short periods of reperfusion vs negative results following longer periods of reperfusion could be explained if either: (1) myocytes, initially salva...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1993.1043
更新日期:1993-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chemokines are small molecular weight proteins that play important roles in inflammation. Originally described as chemotactic cytokines, chemokines stimulate the influx of leukocytes into specific tissue compartments. These molecules also modulate gene expression in both infiltrating and resident cells to mediate a va...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.2001.1503
更新日期:2002-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cardiac voltage-gated Na(+) channel, Na(V)1.5, is responsible for the upstroke of the action potential in cardiomyocytes and for efficient propagation of the electrical impulse in the myocardium. Even subtle alterations of Na(V)1.5 function, as caused by mutations in its gene SCN5A, may lead to many different arrh...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.02.013
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Perlecan, a basal lamina proteoglycan, has been shown to interact with other extracellular matrix (ECM) components, especially type IV collagen, and is thus involved in ECM formation. Perlecan has also been postulated to promote growth factor-receptor interactions, including the binding of basic fibroblast growth fact...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.2000.1146
更新日期:2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although 17beta-estradiol (E2) administration following trauma-hemorrhage (T-H) improves cardiac function in male rodents, it is not known whether the salutary effects of E2 are mediated via estrogen receptor (ER)-alpha or ER-beta, and whether cardiac heat shock proteins (Hsp) are affected by E2 administration. Male S...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2005.10.001
更新日期:2006-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cardiocyte loss during myocardial hypertrophy leads to progressive dysfunction in human hearts with chronic hemodynamic overload. The mechanism for such cell elimination is unknown. We examined lysosomal participation in cardiocytic degradation present in human cardiac biopsies, utilizing electron microscopic cytochem...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1999.1064
更新日期:2000-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:RATIONALE:How ischemic postconditioning can inhibit opening of the mitochondrial permeability transition pore (PTP) and subsequent cardiac myocytes death at reperfusion remains unknown. Recent studies have suggested that de-acetylation of cyclophilin D (CyPD) by sirtuin 3 (SIRT3) can modulate its binding to the PTP. O...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2015.03.017
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Since ascorbate is unnecessary for cell growth and survival, cardiac fibroblasts are routinely cultured without it. However, ascorbate is necessary for optimal collagen synthesis, so we hypothesized that its presence would influence cell phenotype. Cardiac fibroblasts cultured without ascorbate had increased intracell...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.09.005
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Satellite cells from adult mouse tongue, diaphragm, vastus lateralis, rectus femoris, tibialis anterior, soleus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles were isolated, expanded, and differentiated under identical culture conditions. Proliferating myoblasts and differentiated myofiber cultures were analyzed via SDS-PAGE,...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(03)00245-1
更新日期:2003-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Rapamycin (Sirolimus®) is used to prevent rejection of transplanted organs and coronary restenosis. We reported that rapamycin induced cardioprotection against ischemia-reperfusion (I/R) injury through opening of mitochondrial K(ATP) channels. However, signaling mechanisms in rapamycin-induced cardioprotection are cur...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2012.09.007
更新日期:2012-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Studies of hemodynamics and intrinsic left ventricular myocardial function are carried out to investigate the transition from stable hypertrophy to cardiac decompensation in the aging (18-24 months) spontaneously hypertensive rat (SHR). Echocardiographic data in awake animals demonstrate increased end-diastolic and en...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(08)80035-1
更新日期:1995-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Growing evidence suggests that the beta1-adrenoceptor-directed autoimmune mechanism may play an important role in the pathogenesis of idiopathic dilated cardiomyopathy. The aim of this study is to further study the effect of specific immunoabsorption of anti-beta1-adrenoceptor autoantibodies on cardiac structure and f...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2006.04.016
更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Thromboxane A2 (TXA2) and prostaglandin H2 (PGH2) induce platelet aggregation and are potent vasoconstrictors, and they have been implicated in coronary vasospasm and myocardial infarction. The TXA2 mimetic [1S-(1 alpha, 2 beta (5Z), 3 alpha (1E,3S*), 4 alpha)]-7-[3-(3-hydroxy-4-(4'- iodophenoxy)-1-butenyl)-7-oxabicyc...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1994.1109
更新日期:1994-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peptidyl-prolyl isomerase Pin1 has been reported to be associated with endothelial dysfunction. However, the role of smooth muscle Pin1 in the vascular system remains unclear. Here, we examined the potential function of Pin1 in smooth muscle cells (SMCs) and its contribution to abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) pathogen...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2017.12.006
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Peroxynitrite and hydroxyl radical are reactive oxidants produced during myocardial reperfusion injury. In various cell types, including macrophages and smooth muscle cells, peroxynitrite and hydrogen peroxide cause DNA single strand breakage, which triggers the activation of the nuclear enzyme poly (ADP-ribose) synth...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1997.0496
更新日期:1997-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Micromolar concentrations of lipoic acid racemate added to a working rat heart during hypoxia have been previously found to improve aortic flow during subsequent reoxygenation. Since the R-form represents the naturally occurring form of lipoic acid, and the S-form does not reveal a positive influence on ATP synthesis ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2828(95)90012-8
更新日期:1995-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Biglycan, a small dermatan sulphate proteoglycan, has been postulated to interact with other components of the extracellular matrix (ECM), specifically collagens. We hypothesized that biglycan messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) is increased in the myocardial infarct zone. Biglycan mRNA expression after acute myocardial...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1998.0737
更新日期:1998-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Myocardial infarction (MI) provokes regional inflammation which facilitates the healing, whereas excessive inflammation leads to adverse cardiac remodelling. Our aim was to determine the role of macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) in inflammation and cardiac remodelling following MI. Wild type (WT) or global ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.01.015
更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Previous studies from our laboratory and others indicate that contraction-induced mechanical loading of cultured neonatal rat ventricular myocytes produces many of the phenotypic changes associated with cardiomyocyte hypertrophy in vivo, and that these changes occur via the activation of serine-threonine protein kinas...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.2000.1191
更新日期:2000-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The heart contains many cell types; mechanical work is done by cardiomyocytes which do not divide but are terminally differentiated and capable of continuous protein synthesis and degradation. The steps in protein synthesis are (1) transport of amino acids into heart cells by a variety of cell-membrane carriers, (2) A...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0022-2828(84)80711-7
更新日期:1984-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histamine is synthetized in the heart, and released by ischemia-reperfusion injury in several species. Histamine has arrhythmogenic, chronotropic, inotropic and vasoactive effects. Cardiac histamine release during ischemia-reperfusion may be mediated by toxic oxygen metabolites. We studied the effect of ischemia-reper...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1993.1005
更新日期:1993-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Mitochondria-generated reactive oxygen species (ROS) play a crucial role in the pathogenesis of aging and age-associated diseases. In this study, we evaluated the effects of XJB-5-131 (XJB), a mitochondria-targeted ROS and electron scavenger, on cardiac resistance to ischemia-reperfusion (IR)-induced oxidative stress ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2014.10.009
更新日期:2014-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This study addressed the question whether the molecular mass of proteins influences their release from isolated rat neonatal cardiomyocytes subjected to simulated ischemia (SI) or metabolic inhibition (MI). During these interventions cellular ATP content and the relative releases of several proteins, ranging in molecu...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1996.0133
更新日期:1996-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::We have recently shown that norepinephrine (NE) pretreatment attenuates Ca2+ overloading in cardiac rat trabeculae during metabolic inhibition (MI) with NaCN (2 mmol/l), and improves contractile recovery during a subsequent recovery period (RP). In the present study, we investigated the effects of the continuous prese...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.1997.0617
更新日期:1998-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of the present study was to investigate whether or not alterations of Gs alpha can be detected with cholera toxin-induced ADP-ribosylation in myocardial membranes from patients with heart failure. Therefore, Gs alpha was radiolabeled by cholera toxin-catalzyed (32P)ADP-ribosylation with (32P)NAD as substrate. ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2828(90)90973-6
更新日期:1990-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Triamterene (TA) inhibits in the microM range, as was previously shown in our laboratory, the positive inotropic action of beta-adrenoceptor agonists like isoproterenol in atrial preparations, when applied first. This interaction may be best explained by a direct influence of TA on the beta-adrenergic receptor-site it...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0022-2828(83)91343-3
更新日期:1983-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Vascular cells are very sensitive to their hemodynamic environment. Any change in blood pressure or blood flow can be sensed by endothelial and vascular smooth muscle cells and ultimately results in structural modifications within the vascular wall that accommodate the new conditions. In the case of hypertension, the ...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2009.09.018
更新日期:2010-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Targeted expression of the SV40 large T-antigen oncoprotein (T-Ag) induces cardiomyocyte proliferation in the atria and ventricles of transgenic mice. Previous studies have identified the p53 tumor suppressor, p107 (a homologue of the retinoblastoma tumor suppressor), and p193 (a novel BH3 only proapoptosis protein) a...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1006/jmcc.2001.1403
更新日期:2001-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Oxidative stress can be generated at several sites within the mitochondria. Among these, monoamine oxidase (MAO) has been described as a prominent source. MAOs are mitochondrial flavoenzymes responsible for the oxidative deamination of catecholamines, serotonin and biogenic amines, and during this process they generat...
journal_title:Journal of molecular and cellular cardiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.yjmcc.2013.12.032
更新日期:2014-08-01 00:00:00