Abstract:
INTRODUCTION:Acute diarrhea remains a major problem in children and is associated with substantial morbidity, mortality and costs. While vaccination against rotavirus could reduce the burden of the disease, the persistent impact of intestinal infections requires effective treatment in adjunct to oral rehydration solutions, to reduce the severity and duration of diarrhea. Several therapeutic options have been proposed for acute diarrhea, but proof of efficacy is available for few of them, including zinc, diosmectite, selected probiotics and racecadotril. However, at present there is no universal drug, and therapeutic efficacy has only been shown for selected drugs in selected settings, such as: outpatients/inpatients, developed/developing countries and viral/bacterial etiology. AREAS COVERED:This narrative review reports the opinions of experts from different countries of the world who have discussed strategies to improve the management of diarrhea. EXPERT OPINION:More data are needed to optimize the management of diarrhea and highlight the research priorities at a global level; such priorities include improved recommendations on oral rehydration solution composition, and the reevaluation of therapeutic options in the light of new trials. Therapeutic strategies need to be assessed in different settings, and pharmacoeconomic analyses based on country-specific data are needed. Transfer to clinical practice should result from the implementation of guidelines tailored at a local level, with an eye on costs.
journal_name
Expert Opin Pharmacotherjournal_title
Expert opinion on pharmacotherapyauthors
Guarino A,Dupont C,Gorelov AV,Gottrand F,Lee JK,Lin Z,Lo Vecchio A,Nguyen TD,Salazar-Lindo Edoi
10.1517/14656566.2011.634800subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2012-01-01 00:00:00pages
17-26issue
1eissn
1465-6566issn
1744-7666journal_volume
13pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Acinetobacter baumannii is an important cause of nosocomial infections, mainly in patients in intensive care units. This microorganism, although with slight differences depending on the country, presents resistance to multiple antimicrobial agents, occasionally including resistance to colistin: hence, it can be consid...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.4.587
更新日期:2008-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pain may produce metabolic changes after surgery, which may contribute to further morbidity. A variety of medicines and techniques can be used to successfully treat pain. It is postulated that improved analgesia leads to improved outcomes, although analgesics may also contribute to morbidity. This article reviews the ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.4.9.1507
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hodgkin lymphoma (HL) is a lymphoid malignancy with an incidence of 2 - 3/100,000/year. Young adults are most often affected. Due to the development of highly active multi-agent chemotherapy protocols and the optimization of radiotherapy (RT) fields and doses, HL has become one of the malignancies with the...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.909411
更新日期:2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sertraline (Zoloft, Pfizer Inc.) is a selective serotonin re-uptake inhibitor (SSRI) which has been approved by the US FDA for the treatment of premenstrual dysphoric disorder (PMDD). PMDD is a severe form of premenstrual syndrome (PMS) which affects at least 5 - 8% of women of reproductive age. It is characterised by...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.4.11.2065
更新日期:2003-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Sitagliptin is a highly selective oral dipeptidyl peptidase-4 inhibitor. This drug increases the plasma concentration of active glucagon like peptide-1 (GLP-1) and glucose-dependent insulinotropic peptide. These two hormones then simulate the secretion of insulin in a glucose-dependent manner and inhibit glu...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.9.1495
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:OBJECTIVE:In a previous multicentre study including 129 HIV-infected children, non-adherence to antiretroviral therapy was detected in 16% of patients and was mainly related to psychosocial rather than clinical or demographic features. The aim of this study was to explore the evolving pattern of adherence and its deter...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,多中心研究
doi:10.1517/14656560903376178
更新日期:2009-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this review is to provide a rationale for evaluating thiazolidinediones (TZDs) as putative treatments for cognitive deficits in individuals with mood disorders. A MedLine search of all English-language articles published between January 1966 and August 2006 was conducted. The search terms were: the non-prop...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.11.1615
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic inflammatory autoimmune condition traditionally viewed as a severe destructive disease affecting physical health and global wellbeing. The treatment strategies for RA have changed in the last decades from mainly symptomatic towards a more vigorous and targeted approac...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1056735
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The purpose of this review is to critically review the current literature on olanzapine with an emphasis on emergent themes and key findings in the use of this agent for the treatment of mood disorders and schizophrenia. New information continues to emerge on the impact of olanzapine on schizophrenia and on aspects of...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.6.12.2077
更新日期:2005-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) affects approximately 1% of individuals > 60 years. Of these PD patients approximately 40% suffer dementia in later life. Levodopa is commonly used in the treatment of PD. Experimental evidence suggests that the dopamine synthesised from levodopa may contribute to the further degeneration of d...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.6.6.1025
更新日期:2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Chronic lymphocytic leukemia (CLL) often has an extended disease course. With a median age at diagnosis of 72 years, newer treatment options with less toxicity than standard nucleoside analogue-based regimens are needed. Historically, few therapy options are available once CLL has become refractory to nucl...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2012.693163
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Orlistat (Xenical, Hoffmann-La Roche) is a powerful inhibitor of gastrointestinal lipase and as such, reduces fat absorption. Unlike other weight-reducing drugs it is minimally absorbed and has no effects in the CNS. Orlistat is indicated for patients with a body mass index (BMI) of at least 30 kg/m2 or 28 kg/m2 in th...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.1.4.841
更新日期:2000-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Gonorrhea remains an important clinical and public health problem throughout the world. Gonococcal infections have historically been diagnosed by Gram stain and culture but are increasingly diagnosed through nucleic acid tests, thereby eliminating the opportunity for antimicrobial susceptibility testing. Gonococcal in...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560902731993
更新日期:2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::ABSTARCT Introduction: Cardiovascular disease (CVD) continues to be an essential cause of morbidity and mortality among people living with human immunodeficiency virus infection (PLWH). Since the bulk of cardiovascular risk (CVR) factors are shared between PLWH and the general population, prevention and treatment stra...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1856075
更新日期:2021-01-04 00:00:00
abstract::Phosphorus binders are used in patients with kidney failure because of the incomplete removal of phosphorus with dialysis and the inability to exclude phosphorus from the diet. Aluminium was the initial phosphorus binder used, but was replaced by calcium-containing binders because of the development of aluminium toxic...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.4.6.941
更新日期:2003-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:Treatment options for amyloidosis and polyneuropathy, organomegaly, endocrinopathy, M protein, and skin changes (POEMS) syndrome have rapidly increased in the past years, but many patients are diagnosed late in the disease course and do not receive state-of-the art therapy. AREAS COVERED IN THI...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656561003769874
更新日期:2010-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autonomic dysreflexia is a potentially life-threatening hypertensive medical emergency that occurs most often in spinal cord-injured individuals with spinal lesions at or above the mid-thoracic spinal cord level. It is a condition that remains poorly recognised outside of spinal cord injury centres, which may result i...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.7.945
更新日期:2007-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Elevated blood pressure levels are highly prevalent and are a major reason for cardiovascular events and thus place a significant financial burden on healthcare systems worldwide. Guidelines recommend five first-line anti-hypertensive drug classes, but compelling indications may indicate favoring one drug class over a...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560903103820
更新日期:2009-08-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Following more than 20 years of Interferon (IFN)-based treatment for hepatitis C virus (HCV), the understanding of viral life cycle led to the development of new antiviral drugs directly targeting HCV replication steps. Daclatasvir (DCV) is a potent inhibitor of non-structural NS5A HCV protein with pangeno...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2015.1109631
更新日期:2015-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Hyperphosphataemia is common in chronic kidney disease (CKD), particularly in the late stages and is associated with secondary hyperparathyroidism, abnormal bone mineralisation and increased cardiovascular morbidity/mortality. At present, there is a range of phosphate binders designed to keep serum phospha...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.928285
更新日期:2014-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH) is a progressive, life-threatening condition. Sitaxsentan, a selective endothelin-A receptor antagonist, is an effective, safe and well-tolerated endothelin receptor antagonist for the treatment of PAH in adult patients. Multi-center, randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trials...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.8.1.95
更新日期:2007-01-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Radiodermatitis in its acute and chronic presentations represents a set of specific adverse effects resulting from ionizing radiations. Skin-field cancerization is another condition associated to or independent of clinically recognizable radiodermatitis. This condition leads to the risk of later occurrence o...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656560902754060
更新日期:2009-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Flecainide is a class Ic antiarrhythmic agent available in Europe since 1982. The clinical development program of flecainide provided good data on its antiarrhythmic effect for the prevention of ventricular and supraventricular arrhythmias. The Cardiac Arrhythmia Suppression Trial (CAST), conducted to test...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.759212
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::New approved options with opioids in the postoperative setting may include new ways of administration, new combinations with other drugs and new opioid drugs. Newly approved devices for administration include sublingual sufentanil dispenser and transdermal iontophoretic fentanyl, with the purpose of almost mimicking t...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1517/14656566.2014.879292
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract:IMPORTANCE OF THE FIELD:The emergence of fixed-combination drugs for the treatment of glaucoma has, to some extent, changed the medical management of glaucoma. The potential benefits of these drugs include a reduction in the total number of drops and preservatives instilled per day and improved patient comfort factors,...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656561003667540
更新日期:2010-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Pegaptanib sodium, the first aptamer therapeutic approved for use and the first antiangiogenic agent used to treat ocular neovascular disease, acts by inhibiting the 165 isoform of vascular endothelial growth factor believed primarily responsible for pathologic ocular neovascularization and vascular permeabi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.3.499
更新日期:2008-02-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Treatment of unresectable or metastatic urothelial carcinoma (UC) has historically relied upon platinum-based chemotherapy and, more recently, immune checkpoint inhibitors. When tumors progress despite those therapies, remaining effective options are limited. AREAS COVERED:In this review, the authors revi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14656566.2020.1736036
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The incidence of non-melanoma skin cancer is increasing worldwide. Systemic retinoids are useful for the chemoprophylaxis of non-melanoma skin cancers. Retinoids have pleiotropic effects, but their exact cancer chemopreventive mechanism is still not clear. OBJECTIVE:The aim of this study was to review publi...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.9.8.1363
更新日期:2008-06-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Ziconotide is an N-type calcium channel antagonist to treat chronic pain that is delivered intrathecally. It is the only intrathecal, FDA-approved, non-opioid analgesic and is recommended as first-line therapy. Despite these advantages, a small therapeutic window limits ziconotide's clinical utility, with ...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.2013.784269
更新日期:2013-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The incidence of nucleoside analogue-related lactic acidosis has been estimated in 0.57 - 8.5 cases/1000 person years of antiretroviral therapy. The onset of lactic acidosis is usually insidious and patients complain of nausea, vomiting, abdominal pain, fatigue and weight loss. When lactate levels are high enough, a c...
journal_title:Expert opinion on pharmacotherapy
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1517/14656566.4.8.1321
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00