Abstract：
BACKGROUND:An important objective of evolutionary biology is to understand the processes that govern phenotypic variation in natural populations. We assessed patterns of morphological and genetic divergence among coastal and inland lake populations of nine-spined stickleback in northern Sweden. Coastal populations are either from the Baltic coast (n = 5) or from nearby coastal lakes (n = 3) that became isolated from the Baltic Sea (< 100 years before present, ybp). Inland populations are from freshwater lakes that became isolated from the Baltic approximately 10,000 ybp; either single species lakes without predators (n = 5), or lakes with a recent history of predation (n = 5) from stocking of salmonid predators (~50 ybp).
RESULTS:Coastal populations showed little variation in 11 morphological traits and had longer spines per unit of body length than inland populations. Inland populations were larger, on average, and showed greater morphological variation than coastal populations. A principal component analysis (PCA) across all populations revealed two major morphological axes related to spine length (PC1, 47.7% variation) and body size (PC2, 32.9% variation). Analysis of PCA scores showed marked similarity in coastal (Baltic coast and coastal lake) populations. PCA scores indicate that inland populations with predators have higher within-group variance in spine length and lower within-group variance in body size than inland populations without predators. Estimates of within-group PST (a proxy for QST) from PCA scores are similar to estimates of FST for coastal lake populations but PST >FST for Baltic coast populations. PST >FST for PC1 and PC2 for inland predator and inland no predator populations, with the exception that PST journal_name journal_title authors doi subject pub_date pages issn pii journal_volume pub_type
abstract：BACKGROUND:Understanding the genetic and evolutionary mechanisms of speciation genes in sexually reproducing organisms would provide important insights into mammalian reproduction and fitness. PRDM9, a widely known speciation gene, has recently gained attention for its important role in meiotic recombination and hybrid...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-017-0892-4
更新日期：2017-03-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:There are around 400 internationally recognized dog breeds in the world today, with a remarkable diversity in size, shape, color and behavior. Breeds are considered to be uniform groups with similar physical characteristics, shaped by selection rooted in human preferences. This has led to a large genetic dif...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-8-28
更新日期：2008-01-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Sphingomyelinase D is the main toxin present in the venom of Loxosceles spiders. Several isoforms present in these venoms can be structurally classified in two groups. Class I Sphingomyelinase D contains a single disulphide bridge and variable loop. Class II Sphingomyelinase D presents an additional intracha...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-015-0561-4
更新日期：2015-12-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Pomatiopsidae are reported from northern India into southern China and Southeast Asia, with two sub-families, the Pomatiopsinae (which include freshwater, amphibious, terrestrial and marine species) and the freshwater Triculinae. Both include species acting as intermediate host for species of the blood-f...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-14-29
更新日期：2014-02-18 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The aragonite shelled, planktonic gastropod family Atlantidae (shelled heteropods) is likely to be one of the first groups to be impacted by imminent ocean changes, including ocean warming and ocean acidification. With a fossil record spanning at least 100 Ma, atlantids have experienced and survived global-s...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-020-01682-9
更新日期：2020-09-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Protein sequence evolution is constrained by the biophysics of folding and function, causing interdependence between interacting sites in the sequence. However, current site-independent models of sequence evolutions do not take this into account. Recent attempts to integrate the influence of structure and bi...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-11-361
更新日期：2011-12-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The highly conserved bHLH (basic Helix-Loop-Helix) domain, found in many transcription factors, has been well characterized separately in Plants, Animals, and Fungi. While conserved, even functionally constrained sites have varied since the Eukarya split. Our research identifies those slightly variable sites...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-12-154
更新日期：2012-08-24 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chordate evolution is a history of innovations that is marked by physical and behavioral specializations, which led to the development of a variety of forms from a single ancestral group. Among other important characteristics, vertebrates obtained a well developed brain, anterior sensory structures, a closed...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-11-234
更新日期：2011-08-09 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With more than 100000 living species, mollusks are the second most diverse metazoan phylum. The current taxonomic classification of mollusks recognizes eight classes (Neomeniomorpha, Chaetodermomorpha, Polyplacophora, Monoplacophora, Cephalopoda, Gastropoda, Bivalvia, and Scaphopoda) that exhibit very distin...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-014-0197-9
更新日期：2014-09-25 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Bacillus subtilis-group and the Bacillus cereus-group are two well-studied groups of species in the genus Bacillus. Bacteria in this genus can produce a highly resistant cell type, the spore, which is encased in a complex protective protein shell called the coat. Spores in the B. cereus-group contain an ...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-13-261
更新日期：2013-11-27 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Horizontal gene transfer (HGT) has greatly impacted the genealogical history of many lineages, particularly for prokaryotes, with genes frequently moving in and out of a line of descent. Many genes that were acquired by a lineage in the past likely originated from ancestral relatives that have since gone ext...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-12-85
更新日期：2012-06-13 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Small heat shock proteins (sHSPs) are products of heat shock response and of other stress responses, and ubiquitous in all three domains of life, archaea, bacteria, and eukarya. They mainly function as molecular chaperones to protect proteins from being denatured in extreme conditions. Study on insect sHSPs ...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-9-215
更新日期：2009-08-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Understanding the processes underlying diversification is a central question in evolutionary biology. For butterflies, access to new host plants provides opportunities for adaptive speciation. On the one hand, locally abundant host species can generate ecologically significant selection pressure. But a diver...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-016-0701-5
更新日期：2016-06-16 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Species are considered the fundamental unit in many ecological and evolutionary analyses, yet accurate, complete, accessible taxonomic frameworks with which to identify them are often unavailable to researchers. In such cases DNA sequence-based species delimitation has been proposed as a means of estimating ...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-12-196
更新日期：2012-10-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Anchored hybrid enrichment is a form of next-generation sequencing that uses oligonucleotide probes to target conserved regions of the genome flanked by less conserved regions in order to acquire data useful for phylogenetic inference from a broad range of taxa. Once a probe kit is developed, anchored hybrid...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-016-0714-0
更新日期：2016-06-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Proteomes of thermophilic prokaryotes have been instrumental in structural biology and successfully exploited in biotechnology, however many proteins required for eukaryotic cell function are absent from bacteria or archaea. With Chaetomium thermophilum, Thielavia terrestris and Thielavia heterothallica thre...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-13-7
更新日期：2013-01-10 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The composition and expression of vertebrate gene families is shaped by species specific gene loss in combination with a number of gene and genome duplication events (R1, R2 in all vertebrates, R3 in teleosts) and depends on the ecological and evolutionary context. In this study we analyzed the evolutionary ...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-10-117
更新日期：2010-04-29 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:A single measles vaccination provides lifelong protection. No antigenic variants that escape immunity have been observed. By contrast, influenza continually evolves new antigenic variants, and the vaccine has to be updated frequently with new strains. Both measles and influenza are RNA viruses with high muta...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-7-229
更新日期：2007-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Polyplacophora, or chitons, have long fascinated malacologists for their distinct and rather conserved morphology and lifestyle compared to other mollusk classes. However, key aspects of their phylogeny and evolution remain unclear due to the few morphological, molecular, or combined phylogenetic analyses, p...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-019-1573-2
更新日期：2020-02-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Although the gene encoding for glutamine synthetase (glnA) is essential in several organisms, multiple glnA copies have been identified in bacterial genomes such as those of the phylum Actinobacteria, notably the mycobacterial species. Intriguingly, previous reports have shown that only one copy (glnA1) is e...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-9-48
更新日期：2009-02-26 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Orange jasmine has a complex nomenclatural history and is now known as Murraya paniculata (L.) Jack. Our interest in this common ornamental stemmed from the need to resolve its identity and the identities of closely related taxa as hosts of the pathogen 'Candidatus Liberibacter asiaticus' and its vector Diap...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-019-1555-4
更新日期：2019-12-30 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The Hox family of transcription factors has a fundamental role in segmentation pathways and axial patterning of embryonic development and their clustered organization is linked with the regulatory mechanisms governing their coordinated expression along embryonic axes. Among chordates, of particular interest ...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-11-330
更新日期：2011-11-15 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) can be divided into four subspecies. Substantial phylogenetic evidence suggests that these subspecies can be grouped into two distinct lineages: a western African group that includes P. t. verus and P. t. ellioti and a central/eastern African group that includes P. t. troglodyte...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-014-0276-y
更新日期：2015-01-21 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Speciation often occurs in complex or uncertain temporal and spatial contexts. Processes such as reinforcement, allopatric divergence, and assortative mating can proceed at different rates and with different strengths as populations diverge. The Central American Midas cichlid fish species complex is an impor...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-7-25
更新日期：2007-02-20 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Fossil evidence suggests that extant North American lizard genera (north of Mexico) evolved during the Miocene. Although fossils of the clade Phrynosomatidae (spiny lizards and sand lizards) have been reported, there have been no previously described fossils of the fringe-toed sand lizards (Uma). In the exta...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-019-1501-5
更新日期：2019-09-06 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In nuptial gift-giving species, benefits of acquiring a mate may select for male deception by donation of worthless gifts. We investigated the effect of worthless gifts on mating success in the spider Pisaura mirabilis. Males usually offer an insect prey wrapped in silk; however, worthless gifts containing i...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-11-329
更新日期：2011-11-14 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In the short-term, organisms acclimate to stress through phenotypic plasticity, but in the longer term they adapt to stress genetically. The mutations that accrue during adaptation may contribute to completely novel phenotypes, or they may instead act to restore the phenotype from a stressed to a pre-stress ...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/s12862-015-0457-3
更新日期：2015-09-02 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Interspecific hybridization may lead to the introgression of genes and genomes across species barriers and contribute to a reticulate evolutionary pattern and thus taxonomic uncertainties. Since several previous studies have demonstrated that introgressive hybridization has occurred among some species within...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-11-223
更新日期：2011-07-28 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many groups of land snails show great interspecific diversity in shell ornamentation, which may include spines on the shell and flanges on the aperture. Such structures have been explained as camouflage or defence, but the possibility that they might be under sexual selection has not previously been explored...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-3-13
更新日期：2003-06-05 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Many animals live in groups. One proposed reason is that grouping allows cooperative food finding. Group foraging models suggest that grouping could increase food finding rates, but that such group processes could be evolutionarily unstable. These models assume discrete food patches which are fully detectabl...
journal_title：BMC evolutionary biology
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1186/1471-2148-11-335
更新日期：2011-11-17 00:00:00
