Abstract:
:The nervous system and the gastrointestinal (GI) tract share several common features including reciprocal interconnections and several neurotransmitters and peptides known as gut peptides, neuropeptides or hormones. The processes of digestion, secretion of digestive enzymes and then absorption are regulated by the neuro-endocrine system. Luminal glucose enhances its own absorption through a neuronal reflex that involves capsaicin sensitive primary afferent (CSPA) fibres. Absorbed glucose stimulates insulin release that activates hepatoenteric neural pathways leading to an increase in the expression of glucose transporters. Adrenergic innervation increases glucose absorption through α1 and β receptors and decreases absorption through activation of α2 receptors. The vagus nerve plays an important role in the regulation of diurnal variation in transporter expression and in anticipation to food intake. Vagal CSPAs exert tonic inhibitory effects on amino acid absorption. It also plays an important role in the mediation of the inhibitory effect of intestinal amino acids on their own absorption at the level of proximal or distal segment. However, chronic extrinsic denervation leads to a decrease in intestinal amino acid absorption. Conversely, adrenergic agonists as well as activation of CSPA fibres enhance peptides uptake through the peptide transporter PEPT1. Finally, intestinal innervation plays a minimal role in the absorption of fat digestion products. Intestinal absorption of nutrients is a basic vital mechanism that depends essentially on the function of intestinal mucosa. However, intrinsic and extrinsic neural mechanisms that rely on several redundant loops are involved in immediate and long-term control of the outcome of intestinal function.
journal_name
Prog Neurobioljournal_title
Progress in neurobiologyauthors
Mourad FH,Saadé NEdoi
10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.07.010subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2011-10-01 00:00:00pages
149-62issue
2eissn
0301-0082issn
1873-5118pii
S0301-0082(11)00129-8journal_volume
95pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::Reconstructing the genealogy of every cell that makes up an organism remains a long-standing challenge in developmental biology. Besides its relevance for understanding the mechanisms underlying normal and pathological development, resolving the lineage origin of cell types will be crucial to create these types on-dem...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101966
更新日期:2020-11-26 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders, which affects about 0.3% of the general population. As the population in the developed world ages, this creates an escalating burden on society both in economic terms and in quality of life for these patients and for the families that supp...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.04.005
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aging and neurodegenerative conditions such as Alzheimer and Parkinson diseases are characterized by tissue and mitochondrial changes that compromise brain function. Alterations can include increased reactive oxygen species production and impaired antioxidant capacity with a consequent increase in oxidative damage, mi...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.08.002
更新日期:2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Most spiking neurons are divided into functional compartments: a dendritic input region, a soma, a site of action potential initiation, an axon trunk and its collaterals for propagation of action potentials, and distal arborizations and terminals carrying the output synapses. The axon trunk and lower order branches ar...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.06.001
更新日期:2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::The knowledge accumulated about the biochemistry of the synapsis in the last decades completely changes the notion of brain processing founded exclusively over an electrical mechanism, toward that supported by a complex chemical message exchange occurring both locally, at the synaptic site, as well as at other localit...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00015-4
更新日期:1997-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD) is characterized by repetitive intrusive thoughts and compulsive time-consuming behaviors classified into three to five distinct symptom dimensions including: (1) aggressive/somatic obsessions with checking compulsions; (2) contamination concerns with washing compulsions; (3) symmet...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2004.02.004
更新日期:2004-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Once it was believed that the subthalamic nucleus (STN) was no more than a relay station serving as a "gate" for ascending basal ganglia-thalamocortical circuits. Nowadays, the STN is considered to be one of the main regulators of motor function related to the basal ganglia. The role of the STN in the regulation of as...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2005.09.005
更新日期:2005-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Neocortex, the neuronal structure at the base of the remarkable cognitive skills of mammals, is a layered sheet of neuronal tissue composed of juxtaposed and interconnected columns. A cortical column is considered the basic module of cortical processing present in all cortical areas. It is believed to contain a charac...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.11.002
更新日期:2013-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Not later than two synapses after their arrival in the cerebellar cortex all excitatory afferent signals are subsequently transformed into inhibitory ones. Guaranteed by the exceedingly ordered and stereotyped synaptic arrangement of its cellular elements, the cerebellar cortex transmits this inhibitory result of cere...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(00)00024-1
更新日期:2001-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parkinson's disease (PD) is characterised by degeneration of dopaminergic neurons of the nigrostriatal pathway, which leads to the cardinal motor symptoms of the disease - tremor, rigidity and postural instability. A number of non-motor symptoms are also associated with PD, including cognitive impairment, mood disturb...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2018.11.003
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Retrospective studies in humans suggest that chronic maternal stress during pregnancy, associated with raised plasma levels of CRH, ACTH and cortisol may increase the likelihood of preterm birth, developmental delays and behavioural abnormalities in the children. In adulthood, it may contribute to the significant asso...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(01)00018-1
更新日期:2001-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nervous system development, plasticity and regeneration require numerous, coordinated and finely tuned subcellular mechanisms. Phosphoproteins of the stathmin family, originally identified as intracellular signal relay proteins, are mostly or exclusively expressed in the nervous system with a high level of expression ...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2014.09.002
更新日期:2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::One of the exciting advances in modern medicine and life science is cell-based neurovascular regeneration of damaged brain tissues and repair of neuronal structures. The progress in stem cell biology and creation of adult induced pluripotent stem (iPS) cells has significantly improved basic and pre-clinical research i...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.03.003
更新日期:2017-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Behavioral responses to a perceptual stimulus are typically faster with repeated exposure to the stimulus (behavioral priming). This implicit learning mechanism is critical for survival but impaired in a variety of neurological disorders, including Alzheimer's disease. Many studies of the neural bases for behavioral p...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2020.101788
更新日期:2020-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Olfactory ensheathing cells (OECs) constitute a unique population of glia that accompany and ensheath the primary olfactory axons. They are thought to be critical for spontaneous growth of olfactory axons within the developing and adult olfactory nervous system, and have recently emerged as potential candidates for ce...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2010.08.008
更新日期:2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::An understanding of how axons elongate is needed to develop rational strategies to treat neurological diseases and nerve injury. Growth cone-mediated neuronal elongation is currently viewed as occurring through cytoskeletal dynamics involving the polymerization of actin and tubulin subunits at the tip of the axon. How...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.04.002
更新日期:2011-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Self-supervised models of how the brain represents and categorises the causes of its sensory input can be divided into two classes: those that minimise the mutual information (i.e. redundancy) among evoked responses and those that minimise the prediction error. Although these models have similar goals, the way they ar...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(02)00076-x
更新日期:2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Maintenance of osmotic pressure is a primary regulatory process essential for normal cell function. The osmolarity of extracellular fluids is regulated by modifying the intake and excretion of salts and water. A major component of this regulatory process is the neuroendocrine hypothalamo-neurohypophysial system, which...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(99)00071-4
更新日期:2000-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are well-known sex differences in the epidemiology and etiopathology of alcohol dependence. Male gender is a crucial risk factor for the onset of alcohol addiction. A directly modifying role of testosterone in alcohol addiction-related behavior is well established. Sex hormones exert both permanent (organization...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.11.001
更新日期:2012-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Steroid hormones act via evolutionarily conserved nuclear receptors to regulate neuronal phenotype during development, maturity and disease. Steroid hormones exert 'global' effects in organisms to produce coordinated physiological responses whereas, at the 'local' level, individual neurons can respond to a steroidal s...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(03)00102-3
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The K+-Cl- co-transporter KCC2 is a neuron-specific, Cl- extruder that uses K+ gradient for maintaining low intracellular [Cl-]. It is indeed well established that sustaining an outwardly-directed electrochemical Cl- gradient across the neuronal membrane is fundamental for a proper function of postsynaptic GABAA recep...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2017.11.002
更新日期:2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the genetics of neurodegenerative disease become better understood, opportunities for genetic susceptibility testing for at-risk individuals will increase. Such testing raises important ethical and practice issues related to test access, informed consent, risk estimation and communication, return of results, and po...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.02.005
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spectrum of inflammatory diseases is nowadays considered to include diverse diseases of the central nervous system (CNS). Current evidence suggests that syndromes such as Alzheimer's disease (AD) have important inflammatory and immune components and may be amenable to treatment by anti-inflammatory and immunothera...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2003.08.001
更新日期:2003-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The freely diffusible messenger nitric oxide (NO), generated by NO synthase (NOS)-containing "nitroxergic" (NO-ergic) neurons, is unique among classical synaptic chemical transmitters because of its "non-specificity", molecular "NO-receptors" (e.g. guanylyl cyclase, iron complexes, nitrosylated proteins or DNA) in tar...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(96)00062-7
更新日期:1997-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::As the population ages, the economic and societal impacts of neurodegenerative and neuropsychiatric disorders are expected to rise sharply. Like dementia, late-life depressive disorders are common and are linked to increased disability, high healthcare utilisation, cognitive decline and premature mortality. Considerab...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2012.05.009
更新日期:2012-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Chronic restraint stress leads to increases in brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) mRNA and protein in some regions of the brain, e.g. the basal lateral amygdala (BLA) but decreases in other regions such as the CA3 region of the hippocampus and dendritic spine density increases or decreases in line with these cha...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.10.005
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Preconditioning is a phenomenon in which brief episodes of a sublethal insult induce robust protection against subsequent lethal injuries. Preconditioning has been observed in multiple organisms and can occur in the brain as well as other tissues. Extensive animal studies suggest that the brain can be preconditioned t...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2013.11.005
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::At the psychological level, the notion that emotional events may be better remembered is a long accepted view. Its translation into neurobiological mechanisms has led to the proposal of the 'emotional tag' concept, according to which, the activation of the amygdala by emotionality would result in modulation of neural ...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/j.pneurobio.2011.03.004
更新日期:2011-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Coherent high-frequency neuronal activity has been proposed as a physiological indicator of perceptual and higher cognitive processes. Some of these processes can only be investigated in humans and the use of non-invasive recording techniques appears to be a prerequisite for investigating their physiological substrate...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(97)00023-3
更新日期:1997-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The advent of proteomics techniques has been enthusiastically accepted in most areas of biology and medicine. In neuroscience, a host of applications was proposed ranging from neurotoxicology, neurometabolism, determination of the proteome of the individual brain areas in health and disease, to name a few. Only recent...
journal_title:Progress in neurobiology
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1016/s0301-0082(03)00036-4
更新日期:2003-02-01 00:00:00