Abstract:
OBJECTIVE:Prior to 2007, forced sex with male children in South Africa did not count as rape but as "indecent assault", a much less serious offence. This study sought to document prevalence of male sexual violence among school-going youth. DESIGN:A facilitated self-administered questionnaire in nine of the 11 official languages in a stratified (province/metro/urban/rural) last stage random national sample. SETTING:Teams visited 5162 classes in 1191 schools, in October and November 2002. PARTICIPANTS:A total of 269,705 learners aged 10-19 years in grades 6-11. Of these, 126,696 were male. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:Schoolchildren answered questions about exposure in the last year to insults, beating, unwanted touching and forced sex. They indicated the sex of the perpetrator, and whether this was a family member, a fellow schoolchild, a teacher or another adult. Respondents also gave the age when they first suffered forced sex and when they first had consensual sex. RESULTS:Some 9% (weighted value based on 13915/127097) of male respondents aged 11-19 years reported forced sex in the last year. Of those aged 18 years at the time of the survey, 44% (weighted value of 5385/11450) said they had been forced to have sex in their lives and 50% reported consensual sex. Perpetrators were most frequently an adult not from their own family, followed closely in frequency by other schoolchildren. Some 32% said the perpetrator was male, 41% said she was female and 27% said they had been forced to have sex by both male and female perpetrators. Male abuse of schoolboys was more common in rural areas while female perpetration was more an urban phenomenon. CONCLUSION:This study uncovers endemic sexual abuse of male children that was suspected but hitherto only poorly documented. Legal recognition of the criminality of rape of male children is a first step. The next steps include serious investment in supporting male victims of abuse, and in prevention of all childhood sexual abuse.
journal_name
Int J Equity Healthjournal_title
International journal for equity in healthauthors
Andersson N,Ho-Foster Adoi
10.1186/1475-9276-7-20subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-07-29 00:00:00pages
20issn
1475-9276pii
1475-9276-7-20journal_volume
7pub_type
杂志文章abstract:BACKGROUND:Despite free healthcare to pregnant women and children under the age of six, access to healthcare has failed to secure better child health outcomes amongst all children of the country. There is growing evidence of socioeconomic gradient on child health outcomes METHODS:The objectives of this study were to m...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-10-13
更新日期:2011-04-04 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Tobacco use in China is disproportionally distributed among rural and urban populations with rural people smoking more. While there is a wealth of evidence on the association between tobacco use among rural people and their lower socio-economic status (SES), how social structural factors contribute to rura...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-13-12
更新日期:2014-02-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0256-x
更新日期:2015-10-29 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0417-6
更新日期:2016-08-22 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Dying at home is the most frequent preference of patients with advanced chronic conditions, their caregivers, and the general population. However, most deaths continue to occur in hospitals. The objective of this study was to analyse the socioeconomic inequalities in the place of death in urban areas of Medi...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01324-y
更新日期:2020-12-03 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01158-8
更新日期:2020-05-07 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Socio-economic inequalities in basic maternal health interventions exist in Egypt, yet little is known about health-seeking of poor households. This paper assesses levels of maternal health-seeking behaviours in women living in poor households in rural Upper Egypt, and compares these to national averages. ...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-014-0111-5
更新日期:2014-11-25 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0566-2
更新日期:2017-05-04 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-08-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2016-01-15 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Vietnam has succeeded in reducing maternal mortality in the last decades. Analysis of survey data however indicate that large inequities exist between different segments of the population. We have analyzed utilization of antenatal care and skilled birth attendance among Vietnamese women of reproductive age...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-24
更新日期:2012-05-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:The inequitable allocation of health resources is a worldwide problem, and it is also one of the obstacles facing for health services utilization in China. A new round of health care reform which contains the important aspect of improving the equity in health resource allocation was released by Chinese gover...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0357-1
更新日期:2016-04-19 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The global scale-up of antiretroviral therapy (ART) for HIV patients has led to concerns regarding inequities in utilization of ART services in resource-limited contexts. In this paper, we describe regional and sex differentials in the distribution of ART among adult HIV patients in Ghana. We highlight the...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-62
更新日期:2012-10-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Aboriginal women are frequently called upon to support their families and other community members. At times, such supporting roles can be burdensome for these women. Many Aboriginal women live with chronic conditions. We explored the ways in which the women's caring roles impacted on how they maintained thei...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1110-3
更新日期:2020-01-13 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-13-32
更新日期:2014-04-27 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章,随机对照试验
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0643-6
更新日期:2017-08-30 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-0955-9
更新日期:2019-04-16 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Efficiency and equity are both important policy objectives in resource allocation. The discipline of health economics has traditionally focused on maximising efficiency, however addressing inequities in health also requires consideration. Methods to incorporate equity within economic evaluation techniques ra...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-8-34
更新日期:2009-10-07 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Disparities in prostate cancer (PCa) outcomes and their links to socioeconomic status (SES) have been intensively studied. A relatively low incidence rate and a high proportion of late-stage diagnosis have been documented in studies of Asian populations. For the past 20 years, the trend in the growth of PCa ...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0792-2
更新日期:2018-06-15 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Effectively addressing the social determinants of health and health equity are critical yet still-emerging areas of public health practice. This is significant for contemporary practice as the egregious impacts of health inequities on health outcomes continue to be revealed. More public health organizations ...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-016-0419-4
更新日期:2016-08-19 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-017-0701-0
更新日期:2017-11-28 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0252-1
更新日期:2015-11-20 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-01359-1
更新日期:2021-01-28 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Health equity is a priority in the global sustainable development agenda. Available health equity indicators often focus on health outcomes, access to healthcare, risk factors and determinants such as income, education, and gender. Less attention has been given to other social determinants, including those r...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-0978-2
更新日期:2019-06-03 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Literature shows socioeconomic disparities are related to various aspects of diabetes care. However, few studies have explored the relationship between socioeconomics and healthcare outcomes, particularly with regard to preventable hospitalization. This cohort study employed hierarchical modelling to evalu...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-015-0160-4
更新日期:2015-03-21 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Comparing the distribution of all cause or cause-specific child mortality in countries by income and its progress over time has not been rigorously monitored, and hence remains unknown. We therefore aimed to analyze child mortality disparities between countries with respect to income level and progression fo...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-1102-3
更新日期:2019-12-31 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1186/s12939-020-1157-1
更新日期:2020-03-17 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-018-0865-2
更新日期:2018-09-24 00:00:00
abstract:BACKGROUND:Everyone has the right to achieve the standard of health and well-being. Migrants are considered as vulnerable populations due to the lack of access to health services and financial protection in health. Several interventions have been developed to improve migrant population health, but little is known about...
journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/s12939-019-0970-x
更新日期:2019-05-06 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal for equity in health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1186/1475-9276-11-10
更新日期:2012-02-29 00:00:00