Abstract:
:Walking onto a stationary sled previously experienced as moving induces locomotor aftereffects (LAE, or "broken escalator phenomenon"). This particular form of aftereffect can develop after a single adaptation trial and occurs despite subjects being fully aware that the sled will not move. Here, we investigate whether such strong LAE expression may relate to arousal or fear related to instability during the gait adaptation process. Forty healthy subjects were allocated to three sled velocity groups; SLOW (0.6 m/s), MEDIUM (1.3 m/s), or FAST (2.0 m/s). Subjects walked onto the stationary sled for five trials (BEFORE), then onto the moving sled for 15 trials (adaptation or MOVING trials) and, finally, again onto the stationary sled for five trials (AFTER). Explicit warning regarding sled status was given. Trunk position, foot-sled contact timing, autonomic markers (electrodermal activity [EDA], ECG, respiratory movements) in addition to self-reported task-related confidence and state/trait anxiety were recorded. Trunk sway, EDA, and R-R interval shortening were greatest during the first MOVING trial (MOVING_1), progressively attenuating during subsequent MOVING trials. A LAE, recorded as increased gait velocity and trunk sway during AFTER_1, occurred in both MEDIUM and FAST sled velocity groups. The amplitude of forward trunk sway in AFTER_1 (an indicator of aftereffect magnitude) was related to EDA during the final adaptation trial (MOVING_15). AFTER_1 gait velocity (also an indicator of aftereffect magnitude) was related to MOVING_1 trunk sway. Hence, gait velocity and trunk sway components of the LAE are differentially related to kinematic and autonomic parameters during the early and late adaptation phase. The finding that EDA is a predictor of LAE expression indicates that autonomic arousal or fear-based mechanisms can promote locomotor learning. This could in turn explain some unusual characteristics of this LAE, namely its resistance to explicit knowledge and its generation with just a single adaptation trial.
journal_name
Neurosciencejournal_title
Neuroscienceauthors
Green DA,Bunday KL,Bowen J,Carter T,Bronstein AMdoi
10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.06.079subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2010-09-29 00:00:00pages
42-53issue
1eissn
0306-4522issn
1873-7544pii
S0306-4522(10)00951-6journal_volume
170pub_type
杂志文章,随机对照试验相关文献
NEUROSCIENCE文献大全abstract::It has been suggested that the brain adopts a simplified strategy to coordinate a large number of degrees of freedom in motor control. Synergies have been proposed as a strategy to produce movements by recruitment of a small number of fixed modular patterns. However, there is no direct support for a synergistic organi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2017.06.022
更新日期:2017-08-15 00:00:00
abstract::Tau hyperphosphorylation leads to formation of paired helical filament/neurofibrillary tangles, the hallmark lesion seen in Alzheimer's disease (AD) brain. An imbalanced regulation in protein kinases and protein phosphatases in the affected neurons is proposed to be a reasonable causative factor to the disease process...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00697-8
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The available data on the innervation of the thoracolumbar fascia (TLF) are inconsistent and partly contradictory. Therefore, the role of the fascia as a potential source of pain in the low back is difficult to assess. In the present study, a quantitative evaluation of calcitonin gene-related peptide (CGRP) and substa...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2011.07.066
更新日期:2011-10-27 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of presynaptic muscarinic acetylcholine receptors on motor nerve terminals of the isolated frog sartorius muscle was investigated. The modulatory role of these receptors was studied by observing the effects of muscarinic ligands on the frequency of miniature endplate potentials and on the quantal content...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90174-7
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The findings reported in this work show that pretreatment with polyunsaturated fatty acids, particularly linolenic acid, present in vegetable oils, can provide a potent tolerance against neurodegeneration in two models of neuronal death-generating treatments such as kainic acid injection and global ischemia. Rats were...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(01)00473-0
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Melatonin, an indoleamine hormone secreted into circulation at night primarily by the brain's pineal gland, has been shown to have a wide variety of actions on the development and physiology of neurons in the CNS. Acting via two G-protein-coupled membrane receptors (MT1 and MT2), melatonin modulates neurogenesis, syna...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2014.07.018
更新日期:2014-09-26 00:00:00
abstract::The paraventricular nucleus of the hypothalamus is increasingly being viewed as an important site for cardiovascular integration because of its connections to regions in the brain and spinal cord which are known to be important in cardiovascular control. Like the vasomotor neurons of the rostral ventrolateral medulla,...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(98)00255-3
更新日期:1999-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The cellular origin and degree of collateralization of the subcortical afferents to the caudate nucleus and the putamen in squirrel monkeys (Saimiri sciureus) were studied using the following combinations of fluorescent retrograde tracers: Evans blue and DAPI-Primuline, Fast blue and Nuclear yellow, True blue and Nucl...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(83)90104-5
更新日期:1983-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of neuropeptide Y immunoreactive cell bodies in relation to various types of catecholamine-containing cell bodies in the rat brain was analyzed immunohistochemically using antisera to tyrosine hydroxylase, dopamine beta-hydroxylase and phenylethanolamine N-methyltransferase. Coexistence of the peptide...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(84)90036-8
更新日期:1984-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::We here investigated the effects of neonatal lesions of the entorhinal cortex (EC) in rats on maze learning and on structural alterations of its main projection region, the hippocampus, as well as other regions with anatomical connections to the EC that are involved in maze learning. Since early brain damage is consid...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.03.017
更新日期:2008-06-02 00:00:00
abstract::The accessory olfactory bulb of the mouse was studied by current source-density analysis of field potentials to determine the laminar and temporal distribution of synaptic currents evoked by electrical stimulation of the vomeronasal organ. The one-dimensional current source-density analysis revealed two major spatiall...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90093-h
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The aim of this study is to characterize calbindin-positive photoreceptors and their opsin content in the retina of nocturnal prosimians (Microcebus murinus), New World monkeys (Callithrix jacchus), Old World monkeys (Macaca fascicularis), and humans. To identify the calbindin and opsin content of cones, combined mult...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00327-5
更新日期:2002-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The effect of systemic administration of domoic acid, a potent structural analogue of kainic acid, on the mouse hippocampus has been studied using light and electron microscopic techniques. Intraperitoneal injections of either domoic acid (4 mg/kg) or kainic acid (32 mg/kg) produced a series of behavioural changes inc...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(91)90059-w
更新日期:1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Basic fibroblast growth factor is a potent trophic factor with a wide spectrum of activity at various stages of neuronal development. In our studies on the effects of select lesions on the expression of growth factors, we observed that neurons of layer VIb of the rat cerebral cortex developed immunoreactivity for basi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90355-6
更新日期:1992-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::There are two different proposals regarding the role of the cerebellar flocculus in the adaptation of the vestibulo-ocular reflex: that the flocculus is the site for both the induction and retention of the adaptation, or that the flocculus plays an important role in the induction, but the vestibular nuclei to which th...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/s0306-4522(02)00991-0
更新日期:2003-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::We previously showed that magnesium sulfate (MS) has systemic antinociceptive and local peripheral pronociceptive effects. The role of transient receptor potential (TRP) channels and acid-sensing ion channels (ASICs) in the mechanism of action of MS has not been investigated in detail. The aim of this study was to exp...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2016.09.032
更新日期:2016-12-17 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution and staining pattern of gamma-aminobutyric acid immunoreactivity have been examined by both light and electron microscopy in the dorsal part of the lateral geniculate nucleus of three reptilian species: the turtle Chinemys reevesi, the lizard Ophisaurus apodus and the snake Vipera aspis. After perfusi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90254-y
更新日期:1992-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Histochemistry for cytochrome oxidase reveals a vibrissa-related pattern in trigeminal nucleus principalis, subnucleus interpolaris, and the magnocellular portion of subnucleus caudalis. This pattern is apparent in late fetal animals and is disrupted by transection of the infraorbital nerve on the day of birth. We rec...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90082-d
更新日期:1992-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The hypothesis that attention deficits induced by the hypofunction of N-methyl d-aspartate (NMDA) receptors in the prefrontal cortex (PFC) might be associated with increased glutamate release and changes in the phosphorylation of the cyclic adenosine monophosphate response element-binding protein on serine 133 (p-S(13...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2010.11.060
更新日期:2011-03-10 00:00:00
abstract::Riluzole, an anti-amyotrophic lateral sclerosis drug, known to decrease presynaptic glutamate release, is viewed as a candidate supplementary medication for epilepsy. In the present study, we compared the effects of riluzole and valproate (VPA) in the pilocarpine-induced limbic seizure model and in the gamma-hydroxybu...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2007.04.018
更新日期:2007-06-15 00:00:00
abstract::Stepping over an obstacle is preceded by a center of pressure (CoP) shift, termed anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs). It provides an acceleration of the center of mass forward and laterally prior to step initiation. The APAs are characterized in the lateral direction by a force exerted by the moving leg onto the...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.06.021
更新日期:2008-08-26 00:00:00
abstract::The activity of 62 antidromically identified prepositus hypoglossi neurons was recorded in 10 alert cats during spontaneous, vestibular or visually induced eye movements. Neurons were antidromically activated from stimulating electrodes implanted in the ipsilateral medial longitudinal fasciculus (n = 24), the ipsilate...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(89)90058-4
更新日期:1989-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Matrix metalloproteinases (MMPs) are a family of zinc-dependent endopeptidases that can be released or activated in a neuronal activity dependent manner. Although pathologically elevated levels of MMPs may be synaptotoxic, physiologically appropriate levels of MMPs may instead enhance synaptic transmission. MMP inhibi...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2009.12.061
更新日期:2010-03-17 00:00:00
abstract::The distribution of the enzyme protein-O-carboxylmethyltransferase (EC 2.1.1.24) has been investigated in the rat brain using both immunohistochemical and biochemical techniques. The enzyme, which carboxylmethylates free aspartic and glutamic acid residues of protein substrates, was localized in neurons, but not other...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(85)90130-7
更新日期:1985-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Allotetrahydrodeoxycorticosterone (THDOC) belongs to a class of pregnane neurosteroidal compounds that enhance brain inhibition by interacting directly with GABAA signaling, mainly through an increase in tonic inhibitory current. Here, we addressed the role of THDOC in the modulation of interictal- and ictal-like acti...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2013.10.025
更新日期:2014-01-03 00:00:00
abstract::Significant alterations in glutamatergic neurotransmission have been reported in major depressive disorder (MDD) that could underlie psychiatric traits. Studies were mainly interested in synaptic dysfunction in the prefrontal cortex, a key structure involved in depressive-like behavior, however hippocampus has been sh...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2018.11.022
更新日期:2019-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Although ethanol has been reported to inhibit the induction of long-term potentiation in hippocampal CA1 and dentate gyrus synapses of rats, very little is known about the effect of ethanol on synaptic plasticity in other brain regions. Therefore, in the present study, we investigated the effect of ethanol on long-ter...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2004.01.021
更新日期:2004-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The existence of a sex difference in several chronic pain syndromes and the fluctuation of symptoms during the menstrual cycle strongly suggest sex hormones are involved in pain processing. The mechanisms underlying these changes are not well understood. Using the colorectal distention model in the rat, we previously ...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2008.04.070
更新日期:2008-07-17 00:00:00
abstract::It has recently been demonstrated that alpha-bungarotoxin receptors, which behave as functional nicotinic receptors, are present in chick CNS. In this paper, we report the purification and characterization of a functional alpha-bungarotoxin receptor from chick cerebellum, a nervous tissue in which a clear inhibition o...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/0306-4522(92)90386-g
更新日期:1992-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::In amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) there is a selective degeneration of motor neurons leading to muscle paralysis and death. The mechanism underlying cell demise in ALS is not fully understood, but involves the activation of different proteolytic enzymes, including the caspase family of cysteine proteases. We have...
journal_title:Neuroscience
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.neuroscience.2006.07.048
更新日期:2006-12-01 00:00:00