Abstract:
:Thyroid-associated orbitopathy (TAO) is usually diagnosed clinically. Early presentation of TAO such as ocular irritation, lid puffiness, and mild retraction may be overlooked and misdiagnosed. Careful clinical evaluation, laboratory investigations, and orbital imaging studies are needed for diagnosing early TAO. Knowing the pathogenesis will open the door for obtaining directed and effective treatment for the inflammatory process in TAO. Most patients with mild to moderate active TAO are treated with observation alone as the available treatment modalities effective in controlling the disease have many potential side effects. Severe active TAO, compressive optic neuropathy, and severe exposure keratopathy are the main indications for treatment with immunosuppressant agents, orbital radiotherapy, or orbital decompression. Surgery remains the final rehabilitation in TAO, which should be done during cicatricial (inactive) TAO when reliable and stable results can be obtained.
journal_name
Semin Plast Surgjournal_title
Seminars in plastic surgeryauthors
Alsuhaibani AH,Nerad JAdoi
10.1055/s-2007-967751subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2007-02-01 00:00:00pages
65-73issue
1eissn
1535-2188issn
1536-0067journal_volume
21pub_type
杂志文章abstract::Lateral abdominal wall defects, while rare, present a more challenging problem than commonly encountered ventral defects due to the complexity of the anatomy, physiologic forces, and impact of muscle denervation. The lateral abdominal wall encompasses a large surface area ranging from the costal margin superiorly to t...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1666801
更新日期:2018-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The bilateral sagittal split osteotomy is an indispensable tool in the correction of dentofacial abnormalities. The technique has been in practice since the late 1800s, but did not reach widespread acceptance and use until several modifications were described in the 1960s and 1970s. Those modifications came from a des...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1357111
更新日期:2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Clinical experience supports a role for palliative procedures in patients with locally advanced or recurrent breast cancer, yet numerous challenges are entailed in both the extirpation and reconstruction of the chest wall in these cases. The defects may be profound and complicated by prior surgery, radiation therapy, ...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2004-829046
更新日期:2004-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sternal wound infection is a life-threatening complication after cardiac surgery associated with high morbidity and mortality. Past treatment options have included closed suction and continuous irrigation. Current paradigms in the management of sternal wound infection include surgical debridement, vacuum-assisted clos...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1275168
更新日期:2011-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ear prominence is a relatively common cosmetic deformity with no associated functional deficits, but with profound psychosocial impact, especially in young patients. Protruding ears in children have propagated surgical advances that incorporate reconstructive techniques. Here we outline a systematic framework to evalu...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0037-1604241
更新日期:2017-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The editors of this issue of Seminars in Plastic Surgery dedicated to propeller flaps met in 2009 at the "1st Tokyo Meeting on Perforator and Propeller Flaps." On that occasion, as part of the advisory panel of the meeting, they contributed to the definition and classification of these flaps. Since then, several evolu...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1715156
更新日期:2020-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The nonprofit sector is a vibrant, dynamic, and expanding portion of the United States' economy. Its growth over the past two decades has opened up many avenues for entrepreneurs wishing to create corporations that are community- and need-driven, particularly in the health services industry. The fertility of this sect...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1672209
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Autologous fat grafting has become a widely utilized technique for a variety of cosmetic and reconstructive procedures. Its potential for volume restoration and tissue regeneration has made it a popular method for treating soft tissue defects in both adult and pediatric populations. While autologous fat grafting in th...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-3402517
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Choosing a pedicled flap to reconstruct an intraoral defect depends on the size and the anatomic position of the tissue defect. The goals are to restore form and function and minimize donor site morbidity. Regional pedicled flaps available for intraoral reconstruction are the buccal fat pad flap, facial artery musculo...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1255337
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors summarize current methods for reconstructing partial auricular defects resulting from trauma, neoplasm, or congenital defects. They also review the anatomy and embryology of the ear as this is critical for proper reconstruction. Defects of the auricle are divided into upper-third, middle-third, and lower-t...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1288916
更新日期:2011-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Postoperative scar appearance is often a significant concern among patients, with many seeking advice from their surgeons regarding scar minimization. Numerous products are available that claim to decrease postoperative scar formation and improve wound healing. These products attempt to create an ideal environment for...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1584824
更新日期:2016-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) is one of the mainstays in the treatment of pediatric spasticity and dystonia. When considering initiation of BoNT treatment for spasticity, treatment goals and responses to prior conservative measures such as passive range of motion exercises, splinting, and other medication trials should ...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1571302
更新日期:2016-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Zygomaticomaxillary (ZMC) fractures are the second most common facial fractures after nasal bone fractures. The zygoma, with its location and multiple points of articulations, lends itself to both facial structure and esthetics. Secondary ZMC deformities are complications of inadequate primary correction, delayed repa...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1721761
更新日期:2020-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Cleft palate repairs often require secondary surgeries and/or revisions for a variety of reasons. The most common causes are symptomatic oronasal fistulas and velopharyngeal insufficiency. Complications from primary surgery, such as wound dehiscence, infection, and hematomas, contribute to the relatively high rate of ...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0040-1709429
更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Laser and light procedures are commonly delegated to nonphysician providers. The purpose of this report is (1) to summarize the factors that determine how such delegation may occur, (2) to analyze the potential pitfalls and problems associated with delegation, and (3) to propose alternative approaches that may improve...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2007-991187
更新日期:2007-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Appearance of the male genitalia is linked with self-esteem and sexual identity. Aesthetic surgery of the male genitalia serves to correct perceived deficiencies as well as physical deformities, which may cause psychological distress. Attention to patient motivation for surgery and to surgical technique is key to achi...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281488
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::The main goal of head and neck reconstruction is the restoration of form and function. Oncologic surgery makes this process more complex, as the preplanned defect can be very different from its intraoperative counterpart. This emphasizes the role of preoperative planning and a diverse reconstructive "tool box" that ca...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1685480
更新日期:2019-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Macromastia in adolescents is multifactorial and usually idiopathic, associated with obesity or hormonal imbalances. Less commonly, it can result from virginal or juvenile breast hypertrophy, a rare condition of unknown etiology, where an alarmingly rapid breast enlargement occurs during puberty. Breast hypertrophy in...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1347167
更新日期:2013-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Implant-based reconstruction (IBR) remains the most commonly utilized breast reconstruction option for post-mastectomy patients. IBR can be approached as either a one-stage reconstruction or a two-stage reconstruction. Facilitated by improvements in surgical technology and advanced techniques, one-stage reconstruction...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0039-1697028
更新日期:2019-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Identification and treatment of vascular malformations is a challenging endeavor for physicians, especially given the great concern and anxiety created for patients and their families. The goal of this article is to provide a review of vascular malformations, organized by subtype, including capillary, venous, lymphati...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0034-1376263
更新日期:2014-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The field of lymphedema surgery has witnessed tremendous advancements over the years and has been coupled to the rapid growth of supermicrosurgical techniques. A lymphovenous bypass or lymphaticovenular anastomosis is a new technique that requires identification of patent, residual lymphatic channels and performing an...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1636510
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The authors provide an overview of lip reconstruction after Mohs surgery based on the senior author's practice. Lip reconstruction offers unique challenges to preserve not only lip function but also aesthetics. Lip reconstruction must take into consideration the three anatomical layers that comprise the lip and defect...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1645882
更新日期:2018-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Penile amputations are uncommon injuries, therefore, the management and outcome of these patients have been compiled from solitary case studies or short reviews. Accidental trauma during circumcision, injury inflicted by a partner following marital discord, and genital self-mutilation observed in patients with deep ps...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0033-1360588
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The composite face-lift is a well-described, comprehensive facial rejuvenation technique that results in harmonious repositioning of all components of the aging face. It is distinguished by the superior-medial movement of the cheek and the septal reset maneuver. The composite rhytidectomy reverses the unbalanced vecto...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0029-1242183
更新日期:2009-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aesthetic surgery of the upper eyelids is a very common procedure performed in cosmetic practices around the world. The word blepharoplasty, however, has a different meaning in Asia than it does elsewhere. Orientals have different periorbital anatomic characteristics, their motivations for seeking eyelid treatment are...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0028-1110096
更新日期:2009-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Telemedicine is a burgeoning industry with potential to enhance patient care and physician outreach. A review of the current literature and legislative laws was conducted along with knowledge from the experience gathered at starting a telehealth platform at Texas Children's Hospital to find the necessary steps for sta...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0038-1672150
更新日期:2018-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Head and neck reconstruction is an intensive multistep process that requires attention to detail to achieve a successful result. The knowledge and prevention of complications as well as their management is an essential part of the training of the surgeon participating in head and neck reconstruction. This article expl...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0030-1263070
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Nasal dermoids, encephaloceles, and gliomas are rare congenital lesions that result from improper embryologic development. The differentiation between them and a firm understanding of their pathology is necessary to avoid unnecessary complications. In view of their potential intracranial connection, prompt diagnosis a...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1055/s-0036-1593482
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Aesthetic genital surgery seems to have become a fashionable issue nowadays. Many procedures and techniques have been described these last years, but very few long-term results or follow up studies are available. The novelty of this aspect of plastic surgery and the lack of evidence-based interventions, have led to a ...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-0031-1281482
更新日期:2011-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::The temporomandibular joint is elegant in its design, which may make it difficult if not impossible to comprehensively reconstruct. Although a broad range of nonvascularized options exists for reconstruction of degenerative conditions of the temporomandibular joint, vascularized reconstructions such as the fibula or t...
journal_title:Seminars in plastic surgery
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1055/s-2008-1081399
更新日期:2008-08-01 00:00:00