Abstract：
PURPOSE:Our purpose is to perform a comprehensive literature review of the use of levoleucovorin in gastrointestinal malignancies and to assess whether levoleucovorin is a reasonable alternative to racemic leucovorin. DESIGN:This is an extensive literature review of levoleucovorin use in patients with gastrointestinal tract malignancies. Our review revealed 125 citations with abstracts in the English language, including 16 randomized, controlled trials; 40 case studies; and 69 nonrandomized, controlled trials that included 6 pharmacokinetic (PK)/pharmacodynamic studies with 1 population PK study. RESULTS:Upon our review, there were 2 randomized controlled trials that directly compared racemic leucovorin with levoleucovorin. Goldberg et al noted that there was no statistically significant difference between time to progression (P = .78) and time to death (P = .57). Furthermore, Scheithauer et al again noted no significant difference in terms of response rates (25% vs. 32%; P = .25), median survival time (15 months vs. 14.5 months; P = .28), overall survival at 1 year (58.3% vs. 60.6%; P = .72), and probability of survival at 2 years (15.3% vs. 23%; P = .16). In addition, multiple other studies, including randomized, controlled; nonrandomized, controlled; and case studies, demonstrate similar efficacy and tolerability between the use of racemic leucovorin or levoleucovorin as a modulator of 5-FU. CONCLUSION:In many studies of patients with gastrointestinal malignancies, levoleucovorin has been used interchangeably and solely for racemic leucovorin for 5-FU modulation. Our literature review demonstrates that levoleucovorin has similar efficacy and tolerability when compared with racemic leucovorin, whether used in combination with other chemotherapeutic agents or alone.
journal_name
Clin Colorectal Cancerjournal_title
Clinical colorectal cancerauthors
Kovoor PA,Karim SM,Marshall JLdoi
10.3816/CCC.2009.n.034subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-10-01 00:00:00pages
200-6issue
4eissn
1533-0028issn
1938-0674pii
S1533-0028(11)70373-5journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract：PURPOSE:The tumor-activated fluoropyrimidine capecitabine achieves response rates superior to those of bolus 5-fluorouracil/leucovorin (5-FU/LV) as first-line treatment for metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC), with favorable safety and fewer hospitalizations. Capecitabine is also at least as effective as bolus 5-FU/LV i...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/ccc.2005.n.021
更新日期：2005-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and safety of maintenance therapy with axitinib versus placebo following induction therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). PATIENTS AND METHODS:In this double-blinded, phase II trial, patients with mCRC who had not progressed after 6...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2018.02.004
更新日期：2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The standard in rectal cancer has been to add adjuvant radiation therapy to surgery in patients with stage II and III disease. Total mesorectal excision has led to lower local recurrence rates, and, if properly performed, may make adjuvant radiation unnecessary for certain stage II and III patients, such as T3 N0 pati...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3816/CCC.2003.n.002
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：INTRODUCTION:The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy and toxicity of molecular targeted agents plus chemotherapy compared with chemotherapy alone as second-line therapy for patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). MATERIALS AND METHODS:We identified randomized controlled trials that compared molec...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2016.03.005
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Panitumumab, a fully human monoclonal antibody targeting the epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR), is used as monotherapy for chemorefractory metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) in patients with wild-type (WT) KRAS tumors. Although skin toxicities are the most common adverse events associated with EGFR in...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,多中心研究,随机对照试验
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2011.06.004
更新日期：2011-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Replacing infusional 5-fluorouracil (5-FU) leucovorin (LV) with oral capecitabine would be more convenient to patients, because it would lead to reduced hospital chair time and infusion-related toxicities. Previous trials with oral capecitabine-based regimens (other than XELOX [capecitabine/oxaliplatin]) have failed t...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/CCC.2006.n.044
更新日期：2006-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Adenocarcinoma of the vermiform appendix is rare. It constitutes less than 0.5% of all gastrointestinal malignancies. Pathologically, appendiceal neoplasms are categorized into various subtypes depending on cell lineage. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We considered a case series of appendiceal invasive adenocarcinoma...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2014.11.003
更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Few patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) are candidates for resection of their hepatic disease. Yttrium-90 ((90)Y) radioembolization has promise in the treatment of unresectable mCRC. We conducted a retrospective study to assess the efficacy in patients with refractory mCRC who underwent (90)Y r...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2011.12.002
更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the past 10 years, overall survival and disease-free survival of patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) has improved substantially because of a combination of factors: (1) more accurate staging as a result of advances in imaging technology; (2) refinements in surgical technique; (3) 'curative' metastasectomy for pat...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/CCC.2009.n.013
更新日期：2009-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Quinacrine plus a fluoropyrimidine has in vivo efficacy against metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This phase 1b trial evaluated the combination of quinacrine plus capecitabine in patients with treatment-refractory mCRC. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Using a modified Simon accelerated titration design, adults with...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2020.08.003
更新日期：2020-08-19 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:With improved survival and longer duration of treatment, clinicians managing metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) increasingly consider intermittent (IC) or maintenance chemotherapy (MC), but the effect of these treatment modifications on real-world outcomes is unclear. PATIENTS AND METHODS:Using a populatio...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2017.10.011
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:In this study, the maximum tolerated dose and toxicity profile of FOLFIRI (infusional fluorouracil [5-FU]/leucovorin/irinotecan) plus gefitinib (an oral inhibitor of the epidermal growth factor receptor) were evaluated as first-line therapy in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer. PATIENTS AND METHODS...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/CCC.2006.n.037
更新日期：2006-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The development of brain metastases originating from colorectal cancer (CRC) is an infrequent phenomenon occurring in < 5% of patients. Yet, it is feasible that physicians will be diagnosing more patients with brain metastases because of the prolonged survival in our current patient population. The anti-angiogenic age...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/CCC.2008.n.010
更新日期：2008-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:ERBB2 amplification occurs in 5% of RAS wild-type metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) and it has been shown to be a target for treatment with 2 HER2-directed combinations of trastuzumab and lapatinib or trastuzumab and pertuzumab. We present long-term clinical results of trastuzumab and lapatinib (HERACLES-A...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2020.06.009
更新日期：2020-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Köhne prognostic score is used to classify patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC) as high, intermediate, or low risk. Using data from 2 phase III trials, we analyzed survival in patients categorized according to Köhne prognostic category and virus-induced rapidly accelerated fibrosarcoma murine sa...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2017.09.006
更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The use of adjuvant chemotherapy has improved survival in early-stage colon cancer. Ongoing adjuvant clinical trials are evaluating the addition of targeted therapies to standard chemotherapy regimen. Preliminary results with bevacizumab were disappointing. Also, cetuximab added to chemotherapy does not seem to be bet...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/CCC.2010.n.039
更新日期：2010-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Anal squamous cell carcinoma (ASCC) is a rare, human papilloma virus-associated cancer. The purpose was to investigate the population-based incidence rates, age and gender distribution, and survival of ASCC. MATERIALS AND METHODS:All primary ASCC in 1987 to 2016 were identified in the Cancer Registry of Nor...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2018.10.001
更新日期：2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Adult intussusception is a rare occurrence and, unlike in childhood, is usually associated with an underlying tumor. Although computed tomography (CT) imaging can identify an intussusception and point toward a cause, diagnosis is challenging if it is only intermittent. When an intussusception presents in the context o...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/CCC.2008.n.028
更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:Gemcitabine-related pneumonitis (GRP) has been reported relatively frequently for pancreas cancer in the literature; however, underlying risk factors and optimal management remain to be defined. We studied a cohort of patients with GRP and investigated potential predisposing factors in pancreatic cancer pati...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2015.08.003
更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：PURPOSE:Capecitabine has shown similar efficacy to 5-fluorouracil (5-FU); a regimen containing 2 weeks of capecitabine/oxaliplatin (CapOx) has demonstrated noninferiority to infusional 5-FU/oxaliplatin/leucovorin (FOLFOX) for the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). This phase II study explores the efficac...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.3816/CCC.2010.n.021
更新日期：2010-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：OBJECTIVE:The purposes of this study were to confirm the definite metastasis and micrometastasis rate of upward and lateral lymph nodes of mid-to-low rectal cancer at stage II and stage III, and to evaluate the feasibility and safety of laparoscopic radical correction combined with extensive lymphadenectomy and pelvic ...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2011.03.025
更新日期：2011-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:No biomarkers exist to predict benefit from antiangiogenic therapy in metastatic colorectal cancer patients. ACVRL1 (activin receptor like-protein 1) encodes for ALK1, a member of the transforming growth factor-β receptor family, which directs pathologic angiogenesis. We examined the intratumoral expression ...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2018.03.006
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:5-Fluorouracil (5-FU) chemotherapy is associated with severe and unpredictable toxicity in a significant proportion of patients. 5,10-Methylenetetrahydrofolate and 5-fluorodeoxyuridine monophosphate bind to thymidylate synthase and together inhibit its function, resulting in cytotoxicity. We hypothesized tha...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2016.06.001
更新日期：2016-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microbiome (microbiota) is a community of all microorganisms inhabiting a specific site of the body, including pathogens, which distinguishes it from the physiological microflora. Intestinal dysbiosis plays a key role in the development of colorectal cancer. In the process of carcinogenesis, inflammation, immune respo...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2019.07.006
更新日期：2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:We performed a meta-analysis of previous reports evaluating the effect of mFIO (modified FOLFIRINOX; leucovorin, 5-fluorouracil, irinotecan, oxaliplatin) regimens in advanced pancreatic cancer. MATERIALS AND METHODS:We performed a meta-analysis of reported studies in PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science (1950...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,meta分析
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2018.03.007
更新日期：2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:This phase II study was designed to characterize the clinical activity of ISIS 3521 in patients with metastatic colorectal cancer (CRC). Sixteen patients with pretreated or refractory CRC were treated with ISIS 3521. Eleven patients were given a dose of 2.0 mg/kg per day, and 5 patients received 3.0 mg/kg per day give...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.3816/ccc.2004.n.026
更新日期：2004-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The multiplicity of chemotherapy regimens currently available to treat colorectal cancer in the first-line setting precludes the identification of a single standard regimen for front-line therapy. The previous standard, 5-fluorouracil (5-FU), formerly the only agent with any significant activity against colorectal can...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.3816/ccc.2004.s.002
更新日期：2004-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Significant advances have been made with respect to our understanding of the critical role of agents targeting angiogenic pathways in the treatment of metastatic colorectal cancer (mCRC). The approval of 3 agents that target angiogenic signaling, bevacizumab, ziv-aflibercept, and regorafenib, provides strong evidence ...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章,评审
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2014.02.001
更新日期：2014-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：BACKGROUND:The optimal therapeutic strategy for metastatic colorectal cancer patients is still a matter of debate. There are no prognostic variables indicating how many lines individual patients ought to receive, and whether later lines could be effective even when earlier ones were not. PATIENTS AND METHODS:We retros...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2017.03.019
更新日期：2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：UNLABELLED:Patients with colorectal cancer (CRC) and renal cell carcinoma (RCC) may be at risk for additional primary malignancies. A review of 101 patients with these concurrent diagnoses was performed. Forty-two percent of patients had 1 or more additional malignancies; none appeared to be associated with Lynch syndr...
journal_title：Clinical colorectal cancer
pub_type： 临床试验,杂志文章
doi：10.1016/j.clcc.2012.07.004
更新日期：2013-03-01 00:00:00
