Extrapolating radiation-induced cancer risks from low doses to very low doses.

abstract：:One-dimensional scans of gamma-ray emitting contaminants were conducted on lysimeters from the RadFLEX facility at the Savannah River Nationals Laboratory (SRNL). The lysimeters each contained a contamination source that was buried in SRNL soil. A source consisted of Cs, Co, Ba, and Eu incorporated either into a solid...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Erdmann BJ,Powell BA,Kaplan DI,DeVol TA

更新日期：2018-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The processes of uranium extraction, purification, and manufacture involve the risk of chemical intoxication. Acute uranium poisoning elicits renal failure which in turn may lead to death. Great efforts have been put into the search for a protective agent for acute uranium poisoning. Several chelating agents such as E...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ubios AM,Braun EM,Cabrini RL

更新日期：1994-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:To validate a model for radon transport in soil, measurements of diffusive radon transport under well-defined and controlled conditions have been made in a homogeneous column of dry sand with an air-filled volume on top. This volume simulates a crawl space. The measurements concern time-dependent diffusive transport w...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： van der Spoel WH,van der Graaf ER,de Meijer RJ

更新日期：1997-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In situ and laboratory gamma spectroscopy were used to characterize natural background levels of radiation in the soil at eight sites around the Yucca Mountain Range. The purpose of this practical field analysis was to determine if published empirical in situ calibration factors would yield accurate quantitative speci...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Benke RR,Kearfott KJ

更新日期：1997-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This article presents an optimization study for radiological protection in a U mine. The mathematical model of the alpha contamination associated with short-lived Rn daughters allows the comparison of various protection strategies through a cost-effectiveness analysis. Determining the optimal protection strategy is ca...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lombard J,Oudiz A,Zettwoog P

更新日期：1986-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Standardized activated charcoal canisters (according to the U.S. EPA) have been used to collect radon exhaled from concrete surfaces covered with thin plaster (categorically different from thick plaster) of 32 buildings of different ages (0.5-31 y) in Hong Kong. Concrete surfaces covered with thin plaster is the commo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Yu KN,Chan TF,Young EC

更新日期：1995-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The monetary value of the averted dose is a key element in the implementation of the optimization principle both in radiation praxis and intervention. The main concept of this principle is to select options so as to maintain exposures at a reasonable level. The feature of this concept is to look for the minimal total ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Eged K,Kanyár B,Kis Z,Tatay T,Ivády A,Volent G

更新日期：2001-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:On 30 September 1999, three workers were severely exposed to neutrons and gamma rays in a criticality accident that occurred at a uranium conversion facility in Tokai-mura, Ibaraki Prefecture, Japan. Radiochemical analyses of 32P and 45Ca induced by neutrons in bone matrix were carried out after the deaths of two of t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Miyamoto K,Watanabe Y,Yukawa M,Takeda H,Nishimura Y,Ishigure N,Hirama T,Akashi M

更新日期：2002-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Studies performed decades ago in the canine and nonhuman primate established the dose response relationships for the hematopoietic acute radiation syndrome in response to mixed neutron/gamma, x-radiation, and Co gamma radiation. There were no published studies that determined the dose response relationships for the ga...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： MacVittie TJ,Jackson W 3rd

更新日期：2020-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:It seems obvious that if a significant increase in occupancy occurs in the immediate vicinity of any radiation room a reexamination of the adequacy of the shielding should be performed. We discuss a facility where a new building was constructed in close proximity to an existing medical linear accelerator and no consid...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Barish RJ

更新日期：2012-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Information on the 240Pu/239Pu isotope ratios in human tissues for people living around the Semipalatinsk Nuclear Test Site (SNTS) was deduced from 9 sets of soft tissues and bones, and 23 other bone samples obtained by autopsy. Plutonium was radiochemically separated and purified, and plutonium isotopes (239Pu and 24...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Yamamoto M,Oikawa S,Sakaguchi A,Tomita J,Hoshi M,Apsalikov KN

更新日期：2008-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This commentary evaluates two sets of guidelines for human exposure to radiofrequency (RF) energy, focusing on the frequency range above the "transition" frequency at 3-10 GHz where the guidelines change their basic restrictions from specific absorption rate to incident power density, through the end of the RF band at...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Foster KR,Ziskin MC,Balzano Q

更新日期：2017-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The geometrical structure of the lung is one of the main factors governing inhaled particle deposition; structural differences among different species are, therefore, of great importance for extrapolation modeling. A statistical analysis of morphometric data for the human and rat tracheobronchial tree reveals signific...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hofmann W,Koblinger L,Martonen TB

更新日期：1989-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This work describes the design, development, and characterization of an ionization chamber to detect and locate gamma ray sources with intensities down to 100 mu Gy h(-1). The results show that sources of x ray and gamma radiation in the energy range of 14 to 1,250 keV can be located. The directional sensitivity of th...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Kronenberg S,Bruckner GJ,Bechtel E,Gentner F

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Clinical efficacy and safety may be compromised if output from ultrasonic therapy transducers differs significantly from the indicated value. Space-averaged effective intensities selected for treatment are a ratio of the emitted ultrasonic power to the effective radiating area (ERA). In this study, ERA measurements fo...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bly SH,Hussey RG,Kingsley JP,Dickson AW

更新日期：1989-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Discharges of radioactive materials from the nuclear fuel reprocessing plant at Sellafield in the United Kingdom give rise to 137Cs and 134Cs in fish caught in the Irish Sea. Measurements made on fish catches landed in the Irish Republic show average activities of 68 and 3 Bq/kg (wet) of 137Cs and 134Cs, respectively....

journal_title：Health physics

authors： McAulay IR,Doyle C

更新日期：1985-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Depleted uranium (DU) munitions were initially used by the United States (U.S.) military during the first Persian Gulf War in 1991 in order to penetrate heavily armored vehicles. However, as a result of friendly fire, several U.S. military personnel received intakes from DU munitions. One of the ongoing concerns for t...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Walkingstick MT,Krage ES,Brey RR

更新日期：2018-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Recent work involving the decommissioning of a former ceramic manufacturing facility licensed by the Nuclear Regulatory Commission for activities involving depleted uranium oxide has uncovered the presence of unexpected high levels of natural radioactivity in non-licensed zirconium oxide powders also used in the same ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Lischinsky J,Vigliani MA,Allard DJ

更新日期：1991-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Accidental exposure to depleted or enriched uranium may occur in a variety of circumstances. There is a need to quantify such exposure, with the possibility that the testing may post-date exposure by months or years. Therefore, it is important to develop a very sensitive test to measure precisely the isotopic composit...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Parrish RR,Thirlwall MF,Pickford C,Horstwood M,Gerdes A,Anderson J,Coggon D

更新日期：2006-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Quantification of the biologically relevant dose is required for the establishment of cause-and-effect between radiation detriment or burden and important biological outcomes. Most epidemiological studies of unanticipated radiation exposure fail to establish cause and effect because of an inability to construct a vali...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Pass B,Baranov AE,Kleshchenko ED,Aldrich JE,Scallion PL,Gale RP

更新日期：1997-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In a long-term animal study, the combined and separate effects of Thorotrast (colloidal 232ThO2) and silica dust on the induction of lung tumors were investigated. Female Wistar rats were exposed for 29 d to aerosol concentrations of quartz of either 6 mg m-3, 30 mg m-3, or 0 mg m-3 (6 h d-1, 5 d wk-1). After inhalati...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Spiethoff A,Wesch H,Wegener K,Klimisch HJ

更新日期：1992-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A foodstuff survey was performed around the Savannah River Site, Aiken, South Carolina. It included a census of buildings and fields within 5 km of the boundary and determination of the locations and amounts of crops grown within 80 km of the Savannah River Site center. Recent information for this region was collected...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Twining S,Strydom J,Rosson R,Koffman L,Fledderman P,Kahn B

更新日期：2000-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The aims of this study were to develop and improve the sensitivity of an electron spin resonance (ESR) spectrometer and to demonstrate its functionality for dosimetry in measuring ESR signals from radiation-exposed fingernails. The newly-developed spectrometer was a lightweight (22 kg) one-box ESR device with a resona...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Suzuki H,Tamukai K,Yoshida N,Ohya H,Kato K,Anzai K,Swartz HM

更新日期：2010-02-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Everyone will agree that specialized computer programs have done away with the many tedious tasks associated with manually keeping track of radioisotopes. Enhanced electronic programs have virtually cut the time of managing radioisotopes. Agriculture and Agri-Food, Canada's (AAFC) program for the management of radiois...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Ritchot N,Santary W

更新日期：2008-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper describes two nondestructive measurement techniques for determining the radioactivity in a homogeneous organ phantom with an acceptable error and the capability of being traceable to the National Institute of Standards and Technology. These two techniques are based on a method developed by Robley D. Evans i...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Hui TE,Nichols LL,Olsen PC,McDonald JC

更新日期：1993-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:With possibilities for radiation terrorism and intensified concerns about nuclear accidents since the recent Fukushima Daiichi event, the potential exposure of large numbers of individuals to radiation that could lead to acute clinical effects has become a major concern. For the medical community to cope with such an ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Swartz HM,Flood AB,Williams BB,Dong R,Swarts SG,He X,Grinberg O,Sidabras J,Demidenko E,Gui J,Gladstone DJ,Jarvis LA,Kmiec MM,Kobayashi K,Lesniewski PN,Marsh SD,Matthews TP,Nicolalde RJ,Pennington PM,Raynolds T,Sal

更新日期：2012-09-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A low-background phoswich detector is used to detect small amounts of 147Pm--a pure beta-emitting nuclide--present in the liver of an occupational worker. The assessment was based on the measurement of bremsstrahlung radiation produced by the beta particles in the tissue. Computer programs based on Monte Carlo techniq...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Bhati S

更新日期：1993-06-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A mathematical model of the process of collecting and analyzing a grab sample of radon decay products in air can be useful for a number ofpurposes. Among them is predicting the observed counts of alpha particles and/or beta particles (1) under various conditions of radon decay product equilibrium; (2) for various samp...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Jenkins PH

更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The dicentric chromosome assay (DCA) has been regarded as the gold standard of radiation biodosimetry. The assay, however, requires a 2-d peripheral blood lymphocyte culture before starting metaphase chromosome analyses to estimate biological doses. Other biological assays also have drawbacks with respect to the time ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Suto Y,Gotoh T,Noda T,Akiyama M,Owaki M,Darroudi F,Hirai M

更新日期：2015-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This paper presents the WNA's worldwide nuclear industry overview on the anticipated growth of the front-end nuclear fuel cycle from uranium mining to conversion and enrichment, and on the related key health, safety, and environmental (HSE) issues and challenges. It also puts an emphasis on uranium mining in new produ...

journal_title：Health physics

authors： Saint-Pierre S,Kidd S

更新日期：2011-01-01 00:00:00