Abstract:
:In this study of body temperatures (T(b)) in free ranging dromedary camels, we found that bulls in rut start the days cooler. Daily minima during rut averaged 0.6 degrees C lower than at other times (95% CI 0.27-0.94 degrees C) and daily maxima averaged 0.45 degrees C higher (95% CI -0.01 to -0.91 degrees C), increasing the daily T(b) cycle. Knut Schmidt-Nielsen described a similar pattern in captive dromedaries deprived of water in hot conditions, which he interpreted as a strategy to conserve water. Our observations were made in winter and with water freely available. Dromedaries can apparently employ heterothermy for more than just water conservation. In the strenuous daily contests between rival bulls in rut, a lower T(b) early in the day should extend the time for which a contestant can challenge or defend before heat stress becomes a problem. Calculations show that lowering T(b) by even 0.6 degrees C extends that time by more than 30 min, and many daily minima during rut were lower than that. Because the eventual winner of contests gains or retains a herd of females, we speculate that cooler T(b) at the start of daily contests confers an advantage which translates directly into increased reproductive success.
journal_name
Biol Lettjournal_title
Biology lettersauthors
Grigg G,Beard L,Dörges B,Heucke J,Coventry J,Coppock A,Blomberg Sdoi
10.1098/rsbl.2009.0450subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-12-23 00:00:00pages
853-6issue
6eissn
1744-9561issn
1744-957Xpii
rsbl.2009.0450journal_volume
5pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Biology Letters文献大全abstract::In April 2006, a dedicated survey of bowhead whales (Balaena mysticetus) was conducted on the former whaling ground in West Greenland to determine the current wintering population abundance. This effort included a double platform aerial survey design, satellite tracking of the movements of nine whales, and estimation ...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0310
更新日期:2007-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::Many amphibian lineages show terrestrialization of their reproductive strategy and breeding is partially or completely independent of water. A number of causal factors have been proposed for the evolution of terrestrialized breeding. While predation has received repeated attention as a potential factor, the influence ...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.1146
更新日期:2013-03-27 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological niche theory asserts that invading species become established only if introduced propagules survive stochastic mortality and can exploit resources unconsumed by resident species. Because their transportation is not controlled by plant health or biosecurity regulations, soil macrofauna decomposers, including...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0537
更新日期:2012-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::A long-standing but controversial hypothesis assumes that carnivorous plants employ aggressive mimicry to increase their prey capture success. A possible mechanism is that pitcher plants use aggressive mimicry to deceive prey about the location of the pitcher's exit. Specifically, species from unrelated families sport...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0134
更新日期:2014-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::Increasing numbers of climbers are attempting Mount Everest, the highest mountain on Earth. We compiled interview data and computed the probabilities of summiting and of dying as a function of climber age and gender (2211 climbers, spring season) for the period of 1990-2005. Men and women had similar odds of summiting...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0317
更新日期:2007-10-22 00:00:00
abstract::Primate groups vary considerably in size across species. Nonetheless, the distribution of mean species group size has a regular scaling pattern with preferred sizes approximating 2.5, 5, 15, 30 and 50 individuals (although strepsirrhines lack the latter two), with a scaling ratio of approximately 2.5 similar to that o...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0490
更新日期:2018-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The interaction between neuromuscular systems and body mechanics plays an important role in the production of coordinated movements in animals. Lepidopteran insects move their wings by distortion of the thorax structure via the indirect flight muscles (IFMs), which are activated by neural signals at every stroke. Howe...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0733
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::The shape of the association between age and the cost of reproduction varies across species. However, it is unclear whether there are any general patterns in the way the cost of reproduction varies with life history, taxon or ecological function. Using a simple theoretical method, we identified three characteristic pa...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0376
更新日期:2007-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Telomeres are sensitive to damage induced by oxidative stress, and thus it is expected that dietary antioxidants may support the maintenance of telomere length in animals, particularly those with a fast rate of life (e.g. fast metabolism, activity and growth). We tested experimentally the effect of antioxidant supplem...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0211
更新日期:2015-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Parasite-mediated competition can shape community structure and host distribution. If two species compete for resources, parasites may indirectly change the outcome of competition. We tested the role of a trematode parasite in mediating microhabitat use by congeneric isopods Austridotea annectens and Austridotea lacus...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0671
更新日期:2018-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::When populations are exposed to novel conditions of growth, they often become adapted to a similar extent, and at the same time, evolve some degree of impairment in their original environment. They may also come to vary widely with respect to characters which are uncorrelated with fitness, as the result of chance gene...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0215
更新日期:2013-05-22 00:00:00
abstract::G. L. Stebbins' most effective pollinator principle states that when pollinators are not limiting, plants are expected to specialize and adapt to the most abundant and effective pollinator species available. In this study, we quantify the effectiveness of bees, hummingbirds and hawkmoths in a Chilean population of Ery...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0132
更新日期:2018-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::According to theory, directional female choice for male sexual ornaments is expected to erode underlying genetic variation. Considerable attention, in this regard, has been given to understanding the ubiquity of heritable genetic variation in both female choice and male sexual traits. One intriguing possibility emergi...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0558
更新日期:2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::The plight of the marine fisheries is attracting increasing attention as unsustainably high exploitation levels, exacerbated by more extreme climatic conditions, are driving stocks to the point of collapse. The North Atlantic cod (Gadus morhua), a species which until recently formed a major component of the demersal f...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 社论
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0443
更新日期:2008-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Theories of extreme lifespan evolution in vertebrates commonly implicate large size and predator-free environments together with physiological characteristics like low metabolism and high protection against oxidative damages. Here, we show that the 'human fish' (olm, Proteus anguinus), a small cave salamander (weighin...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0539
更新日期:2011-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Regressive evolution of structures associated with vision in cave-dwelling organisms is the focus of intense research. Most work has focused on differences between extreme visual phenotypes: sighted, surface animals and their completely blind, cave-dwelling counterparts. We suggest that troglodytic systems, comprising...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0549
更新日期:2010-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::To make sensible decisions, both humans and other animals must compare the available options against a reference point-either other options or previous experience. Options of higher quality than the reference are considered good value. However, many perceptible attributes of options are value-neutral, such as flower s...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0440
更新日期:2018-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seeking out extra-pair paternity (EPP) is a viable reproductive strategy for females in many pair-bonded species. Across human societies, women commonly engage in extra-marital affairs, suggesting this strategy may also be an important part of women's reproductive decision-making. Here, I show that among the Himba 17 ...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0478
更新日期:2011-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Properly coordinating cooperation is relevant for resolving public good problems, such as clean energy and environmental protection. However, little is known about how individuals can coordinate themselves for a certain level of cooperation in large populations of strangers. In a typical situation, a consensus-buildin...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0903
更新日期:2014-01-29 00:00:00
abstract::The study of birds, especially the Galapagos finches, was important to Darwin in the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Birds have also been at the centre of a recent reformulation in understanding cerebral evolution and the substrates for higher cognition. While it was once thought that bird...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0473
更新日期:2009-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Animals use cues to find their food, in microhabitats within their physiological tolerances. Termites build and modify their microhabitat, to transform hostile environments into benign ones, which raises questions about the relative importance of cues. Termites are desiccation intolerant and foraging termites are attr...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0365
更新日期:2019-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::Lateralization of the brain has traditionally been considered a specialization that is confined to the vertebrates, but recent studies have revealed that a range of invertebrates also have a brain that is structurally asymmetric and/or each side performs a different set of functions. Here, we show that the precopulato...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0528
更新日期:2009-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::The role of niche specialization and narrowing in the evolution and extinction of the ichthyosaurs has been widely discussed in the literature. However, previous studies have concentrated on a qualitative discussion of these variables only. Here, we use the recently developed approach of quantitative ecospace modellin...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0339
更新日期:2015-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::The majority of the world's population now lives in towns and cities, and urban areas are expanding faster than any other land-use type. In response to this phenomenon, two opposing arguments have emerged: whether cities should 'sprawl' into the wider countryside, or 'densify' through the development of existing urban...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0025
更新日期:2011-10-23 00:00:00
abstract::Domestic dogs have been recognized for their social sensitivity and aptitude in human-guided tasks. For example, prior studies have demonstrated that dogs look to humans when confronted with an unsolvable task; an action often interpreted as soliciting necessary help. Conversely, wolves persist on such tasks. While do...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0489
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Overlap in the form of sexual signals such as pheromones raises the possibility of reproductive interference by invasive species on similar, yet naive native species. Here, we test the potential for reproductive interference through heterospecific mate attraction and subsequent predation of males by females of a sexua...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0746
更新日期:2013-11-27 00:00:00
abstract::Many studies during the past 50 years have found an association between father absence and earlier menarche. In connection with these findings, several evolutionary theories assume that father absence is a causal factor accelerating reproductive development. However, a recent study analysing data from the Avon Longitu...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0091
更新日期:2019-06-28 00:00:00
abstract::Group living can provide individuals with several benefits, including cooperative vigilance and lower predation rates. Individuals in larger groups may be less vulnerable to predation due to dilution effects, efficient detection or greater ability to repel predators. Individuals in smaller groups may consequently empl...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0435
更新日期:2007-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Drug resistance is a long-standing economic, veterinary and human health concern in human and animal populations. Efficacy of prophylactic drug treatments targeting a particular pathogen is often short-lived, as drug-resistant pathogens evolve and reach high frequency in a treated population. Methods to combat drug re...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0783
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Facial width-to-height ratio (fWHR) is associated with social dominance in human and non-human primates, which may reflect the effects of testosterone on facial morphology and behaviour. Given that testosterone facilitates status-seeking motivation, the association between fWHR and behaviour should be contingent on th...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0232
更新日期:2019-08-30 00:00:00