Abstract:
:Primate groups vary considerably in size across species. Nonetheless, the distribution of mean species group size has a regular scaling pattern with preferred sizes approximating 2.5, 5, 15, 30 and 50 individuals (although strepsirrhines lack the latter two), with a scaling ratio of approximately 2.5 similar to that observed in human social networks. These clusters appear to form distinct social grades that are associated with rapid evolutionary change, presumably in response to intense environmental selection pressures. These findings may have wider implications for other highly social mammal taxa.
journal_name
Biol Lettjournal_title
Biology lettersauthors
Dunbar RIM,Mac Carron P,Shultz Sdoi
10.1098/rsbl.2017.0490subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2018-01-01 00:00:00issue
1eissn
1744-9561issn
1744-957Xpii
rsbl.2017.0490journal_volume
14pub_type
杂志文章相关文献
Biology Letters文献大全abstract::Given the high costs of avian obligate brood parasitism, host individuals are selected to reject parasitic eggs they recognize as foreign. We show that rejection may not necessarily follow egg discrimination when selective removal of the parasitic egg is difficult. We studied egg rejection behaviour in a small host of...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0645
更新日期:2009-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the pressures of fisheries on the ecosystem is crucial for effective management. Fishery removals, or catch, are composed of both landings and discards. However, the use of discards data in studies investigating the effect of the fishing pressures is sparse. Here, we explore the individual contribution o...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2013.0812
更新日期:2013-12-04 00:00:00
abstract::Adaptive radiations often exhibit high levels of phenotypic replication, a phenomenon that can be explained by selection on standing variation in repeatedly divergent environments or by the influence of ancestral plasticity on selection in divergent environments. Here, we offer the first evidence that plastic loss of ...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0647
更新日期:2019-01-31 00:00:00
abstract::Hosts may defend themselves against parasitism through a wide variety of defence mechanisms, but due to finite resources, investment in one defence mechanism may trade-off with investment in another mechanism. We studied resistance strategies against the parasitoid wasp Leptopilina boulardi in two Drosophila species. ...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2011.0725
更新日期:2012-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Lateralization of the brain has traditionally been considered a specialization that is confined to the vertebrates, but recent studies have revealed that a range of invertebrates also have a brain that is structurally asymmetric and/or each side performs a different set of functions. Here, we show that the precopulato...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0528
更新日期:2009-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Understanding the relationship between disease transmission and host density is essential for predicting disease spread and control. Using long-term data on sarcoptic mange in a red fox Vulpes vulpes population, we tested long-held assumptions of density- and frequency-dependent direct disease transmission. We also as...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0524
更新日期:2014-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Spatial and temporal heterogeneity in relative fitness of competing species is a key factor affecting the structure of communities. However, it is not intuitive why species that are ecologically similar should differ in their response to environmental changes. Here we show that two sympatric flycatchers differ in repr...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2004.0265
更新日期:2005-03-22 00:00:00
abstract::Predictions of future species' ranges under climate change are needed for conservation planning, for which species distribution models (SDMs) are widely used. However, global climate model-based (GCM) output grids can bias the area identified as suitable when these are used as SDM predictor variables, because GCM outp...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0476
更新日期:2009-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Drug resistance is a long-standing economic, veterinary and human health concern in human and animal populations. Efficacy of prophylactic drug treatments targeting a particular pathogen is often short-lived, as drug-resistant pathogens evolve and reach high frequency in a treated population. Methods to combat drug re...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0783
更新日期:2015-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::The length of telomeres, the protective caps of chromosomes, is increasingly used as a biomarker of individual health state because it has been shown to predict chances of survival in a range of endothermic species including humans. Oxidative stress is presumed to be a major cause of telomere shortening, but most evid...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0463
更新日期:2017-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::The genetic status of wolves in the western Great Lakes region has received increased attention following the decision to remove them from protection under the US Endangered Species Act. A recent study of mitochondrial DNA has suggested that the recovered wolf population is not genetically representative of the histor...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0516
更新日期:2009-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Unrelated same-sex individuals pairing together and cooperating to raise offspring over many years is a rare occurrence in the animal kingdom. Cooperative breeding, in which animals help raise offspring that are not their own, is often attributed to kin selection when individuals are related, or altruism when individu...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0191
更新日期:2008-08-23 00:00:00
abstract::The risk of parasitism is considered to be a general cost of sociality and individuals living in larger groups are typically considered to be more likely to be infected with parasites. However, contradictory results have been reported for the relationship between group size and infection by directly transmitted parasi...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2007.0393
更新日期:2007-12-22 00:00:00
abstract::Hunter-gatherer Pygmies from Central Africa are described as being extremely mobile. Using neutral genetic markers and population genetics theory, we explored the dispersal behaviour of the Baka Pygmies from Cameroon, one of the largest Pygmy populations in Central Africa. We found a strong correlation between genetic...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0192
更新日期:2010-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Ocean acidification (OA) poses a major threat to marine ecosystems globally, having significant ecological and economic importance. The number and complexity of experiments examining the effects of OA has substantially increased over the past decade, in an attempt to address multi-stressor interactions and long-term r...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0761
更新日期:2017-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Inclusive fitness theory predicts that organisms will tend to help close kin more than less related individuals. In a variety of birds and mammals, relatives are recognized by comparing their phenotype to an internal representation or template, which might be learned through either repeated exposure to family members ...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0789
更新日期:2009-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::The study of birds, especially the Galapagos finches, was important to Darwin in the development of the theory of evolution by natural selection. Birds have also been at the centre of a recent reformulation in understanding cerebral evolution and the substrates for higher cognition. While it was once thought that bird...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0473
更新日期:2009-02-23 00:00:00
abstract::Bees are model organisms for the study of learning and memory, yet nearly all such research to date has used a single reward, nectar. Many bees collect both nectar (carbohydrates) and pollen (protein) on a single foraging bout, sometimes from different plant species. We tested whether individual bumblebees could learn...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2015.0628
更新日期:2015-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::There is growing interest in the capacity of mangrove ecosystems to sequester and store 'blue carbon'. Here, we provide a synthesis of 66 dated sediment cores with previously calculated carbon accumulation rates in mangrove ecosystems to assess the effects of environmental and anthropogenic pressures. Conserved sedime...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0237
更新日期:2018-10-31 00:00:00
abstract::A long-standing but controversial hypothesis assumes that carnivorous plants employ aggressive mimicry to increase their prey capture success. A possible mechanism is that pitcher plants use aggressive mimicry to deceive prey about the location of the pitcher's exit. Specifically, species from unrelated families sport...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0134
更新日期:2014-04-30 00:00:00
abstract::While it is widely acknowledged that forest biodiversity contributes to climate change mitigation through improved carbon sequestration, conversely how climate affects tree species diversity-forest productivity relationships is still poorly understood. We combined the results of long-term experiments where forest mixt...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2017.0747
更新日期:2018-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Animals use cues to find their food, in microhabitats within their physiological tolerances. Termites build and modify their microhabitat, to transform hostile environments into benign ones, which raises questions about the relative importance of cues. Termites are desiccation intolerant and foraging termites are attr...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2019.0365
更新日期:2019-07-26 00:00:00
abstract::We tested whether the carbohydrate and amino acid content of extrafloral nectar affected prey choice by a predatory ant. Fire ants, Solenopsis invicta, were provided with artificial nectar that varied in the presence of carbohydrates and amino acids and were then provided with two prey items that differed in nutrition...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2009.0736
更新日期:2010-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::Male-biased susceptibility to parasites is common in dioecious plants. However, why males have higher parasite loads than females is unclear. Unlike males, females must subsidize post-fertilization costs of reproduction (e.g. seed and fruit development). As a result, females may have smaller pools of resources potenti...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2018.0761
更新日期:2019-03-29 00:00:00
abstract::Unmanned aerial vehicles, commonly called drones, are being increasingly used in ecological research, in particular to approach sensitive wildlife in inaccessible areas. Impact studies leading to recommendations for best practices are urgently needed. We tested the impact of drone colour, speed and flight angle on the...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2014.0754
更新日期:2015-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Human-induced environmental change can affect the evolutionary trajectory of populations. In Mexico, indigenous Zoque people annually introduce barbasco, a fish toxicant, into the Cueva del Azufre to harvest fish during a religious ceremony. Here, we investigated tolerance to barbasco in fish from sites exposed and un...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2010.0663
更新日期:2011-04-23 00:00:00
abstract::One of the contemporary hypotheses concerning the evolution of human altruism is the cooperative breeding hypothesis (CBH) which has recently been tested in non-human primates. Using a similar paradigm, we investigated prosociality in a cooperatively breeding corvid, the azure-winged magpie. We found that the magpies ...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2016.0649
更新日期:2016-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Ecological niche theory asserts that invading species become established only if introduced propagules survive stochastic mortality and can exploit resources unconsumed by resident species. Because their transportation is not controlled by plant health or biosecurity regulations, soil macrofauna decomposers, including...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2012.0537
更新日期:2012-12-23 00:00:00
abstract::Animals living around humans may habituate to us, but little is known about the consequences of this habituation. Some wildlife managers assume that habituation to humans makes individuals less likely to respond to natural predators, which is something to be avoided in captive breeding programmes where animals are des...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2008.0078
更新日期:2008-06-23 00:00:00
abstract::Placoderms are a diverse group of armoured fishes that dominated the aquatic ecosystems of the Devonian Period, 415-360 million years ago. The bladed jaws of predators such as Dunkleosteus suggest that these animals were the first vertebrates to use rapid mouth opening and a powerful bite to capture and fragment evasi...
journal_title:Biology letters
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1098/rsbl.2006.0569
更新日期:2007-02-22 00:00:00