Abstract:
:Plasmodium falciparum thymidylate synthase-dihydrofolate reductase (TS-DHFR) is an essential enzyme in folate biosynthesis and a major malarial drug target. This bifunctional enzyme thus presents different design approaches for developing novel inhibitors against drug-resistant mutants. We performed a high-throughput in silico screen of a database of diverse, drug-like molecules against a non-active-site pocket of TS-DHFR. The top compounds from this virtual screen were evaluated by in vitro enzymatic and cellular culture studies. Three compounds active to 20 microM IC(50)'s in both wildtype and antifolate-resistant P. falciparum parasites were identified; moreover, no inhibition of human DHFR enzyme was observed, indicating that the inhibitory effects appeared to be parasite-specific. Notably, all three compounds had a biguanide scaffold. However, relative free energy of binding calculations suggested that the compounds might preferentially interact with the active site over the screened non-active-site region. To resolve the two possible modes of binding, co-crystallization studies of the compounds complexed with TS-DHFR enzyme were performed. Surprisingly, the structural analysis revealed that these novel, biguanide compounds do indeed bind at the active site of DHFR and additionally revealed the molecular basis by which they overcome drug resistance. To our knowledge, these are the first co-crystal structures of novel, biguanide, non-WR99210 compounds that are active against folate-resistant malaria parasites in cell culture.
journal_name
ACS Chem Bioljournal_title
ACS chemical biologyauthors
Dasgupta T,Chitnumsub P,Kamchonwongpaisan S,Maneeruttanarungroj C,Nichols SE,Lyons TM,Tirado-Rives J,Jorgensen WL,Yuthavong Y,Anderson KSdoi
10.1021/cb8002804subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-01-16 00:00:00pages
29-40issue
1eissn
1554-8929issn
1554-8937pii
10.1021/cb8002804journal_volume
4pub_type
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