Abstract:
UNLABELLED:Pediatric bipolar disorder (PBD) presents with severe affect dysregulation characterized by elated mood, irritability and depressive symptoms, often in the form of a mixed episode. Early recognition of the external clinical features and the underlying emotional processing circuitry will help us understand the neurobiological underpinnings of this disorder and offer innovative ideas for early intervention. METHODS:A 5-year review was conducted in structural and functional imaging studies in PBD that are potentially relevant to the emotional processing in PBD. RESULTS:The ventral frontolimbic circuitry and the dorsal frontostriatal circuitry appear to be involved in affect regulation, with the ventral circuitry being more directly involved in emotion processing. The associated and interlinked circuits include the facial emotion-processing circuit and the association circuit between the occipital and the limbic regions responsible for automatic processing of emotions. CONCLUSION:While we are at a preliminary stage in understanding the neural circuitry behind emotional processing, there appears to be a top-down regulation of affect with prefrontal systems modulating subcortical structures such as the amygdala and the ventral striatum. Structural and connectivity studies support the functional studies findings, providing a cogent model for understanding emotion-processing circuits involving corticosubcortical neural systems. Functional studies with PBD patients are beginning to demonstrate the dysfunction in the affective and cognitive circuits that work in concert.
journal_name
Expert Rev Neurotherjournal_title
Expert review of neurotherapeuticsauthors
Pavuluri MN,Passarotti Adoi
10.1586/14737175.8.9.1381subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2008-09-01 00:00:00pages
1381-7issue
9eissn
1473-7175issn
1744-8360journal_volume
8pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract::The American Academy of Neurology is an international professional organization of more than 22,000 neurologists and neuroscience professionals. This year the annual meeting was held in Toronto, ON, Canada. A large number of scientific sessions presented numerous advances in the diagnosis, molecular pathogenesis and t...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type:
doi:10.1586/ern.10.98
更新日期:2010-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) is a noninvasive and generally well-tolerated method of focally stimulating brain regions. It has been shown to be efficacious in the treatment for depression, but only to a limited degree. It has also been investigated for the treatment of some anxiety disorders, pa...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.8.10.1449
更新日期:2008-10-01 00:00:00
abstract::Non-pharmacological interventions have the potential to reduce cognitive decline and to improve psychosocial aspects in mild cognitive impairment and Alzheimer's dementia, and the absence of side effects makes them a favorable option also for preventive strategies. We provide an overview on recent studies involving co...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2013.845086
更新日期:2013-11-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:The number of people with dementia, including Alzheimer's disease, is growing as a result of an ageing global population. Treatments available for AD only alleviate the symptoms of the disease, and are effective in some people with AD for a limited time. There is no disease-modifying treatment available, a...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2017.1326818
更新日期:2017-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Evaluation of: Brower KJ, McCammon RJ, Wojnar M, Ilgen MA, Wojnar J, Valenstein M. Prescription sleeping pills, insomnia, and suicidality in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication. J. Clin. Psychiatry DOI: 10.4088/JCP.09m05484gry (2010) (Epub ahead of print). Several studies have investigated the association betw...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ern.11.9
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Paroxysmal dyskinesias and episodic ataxias are often caused by mutations in genes related to cell membrane and synaptic function. Despite the exponential increase in publications of genetically confirmed cases, management remains largely clinical based on non-systematic evidence. Areas covered: The auth...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1648211
更新日期:2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common behavioral disorder of a complex nature. Genetic and environmental factors are thought to be involved in precipitating the disorder. Pharmacological, animal model and recent molecular studies support the role of genes (of minor or medium effect) from dopamine...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.3.4.453
更新日期:2003-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::Major depression and depressive symptoms are highly prevalent and there is a need for different forms of psychological treatments that can be delivered from a distance at a low cost. In the present review the authors contrast face-to-face and Internet-delivered cognitive behavior therapy (ICBT) for depression. A total...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,meta分析,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2015.1125783
更新日期:2016-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS) can directly stimulate the CNS, modifying the brain's plasticity to enhance the behavior of the paretic extremities. Studies with low-frequency repetitive TMS (rTMS) on the intact hemisphere and those with high frequencies on the affected hemisphere could increase the speed of m...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.7.2.165
更新日期:2007-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Most preventive migraine treatments modify the brain's excitation/inhibition balance and/or serotonin metabolism, which likely accounts for their unfavorable adverse effect profile. Novel biological therapies blocking CGRP transmission are effective and better tolerated, but they are expensive and may no...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1729130
更新日期:2020-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::The term cervicogenic headache (CeH) describes a syndrome originating from the cervical spine. There are a variety of therapeutic approaches used for the management of CeH, but scientific evidence of their effectiveness is scarce. No medication drug has proven to be effective. The evidence for greater occipital nerve ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.863710
更新日期:2014-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Introduction: Neurocysticercosis (NCC) is the most common helminthic infection of the central nervous system and a global public health problem. However, its diagnosis is complicated since histological demonstration of the parasite is often not feasible, clinical manifestations are nonspecific, most neuroimaging findi...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1080/14737175.2020.1707667
更新日期:2020-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::An influence of climate upon cerebrovascular risk is both biologically plausible and supported by epidemiological evidence. These relationships are important as they could yield public health strategies to help protect the vulnerable from the increased death rates arising during extreme cold and heat waves. Change in ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.09.154
更新日期:2010-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::Schizophrenia is a common, debilitating illness for which treatment is empirical and unsatisfactory. Intense efforts to identify etiological factors have been launched in order to facilitate rational therapy. Such efforts have included gene-mapping studies since a significant heritability has been proved. In common wi...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.4.4.725
更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
abstract::There have been remarkable strides in the last decade in unraveling the mystery of primary headache disorders, such as migraine and cluster headache. The vascular theory has been superseded by the neurovascular phenomena which seems to be the permissive triggering factor in migraine and cluster headache. This has been...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.3.5.713
更新日期:2003-09-01 00:00:00
abstract::Poststroke aphasia results from the lesion of cortical areas involved in the motor production of speech (Broca's aphasia) or in the semantic aspects of language comprehension (Wernicke's aphasia). Such lesions produce an important reorganization of speech/language-specific brain networks due to an imbalance between co...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.12.76
更新日期:2012-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Currently approved medications to treat cognitive deficits in Alzheimer's disease are targeting relatively late neurotransmission alterations and, thus, new approaches are needed to improve the observed modest efficacy. Employing various combinations of existing drugs is one way to achieve this aim. We can attempt to ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.43
更新日期:2010-05-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Pharmaceutical companies and the NIH have invested heavily in a variety of potential disease-modifying therapies for Alzheimer's disease (AD) but unfortunately all double-blind placebo-controlled Phase III studies of these drugs have failed to show statistically significant results supporting their clinica...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1194203
更新日期:2017-01-01 00:00:00
abstract::Braak's proposal that, in patients with Parkinson's disease, Lewy bodies and neurites progressively invade the brain through regions connected to autonomic and olfactory centers remains contentious. Confounding factors include the lack of an in vivo marker to examine the progression of Lewy pathology, the retrospectiv...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.12.47
更新日期:2012-06-01 00:00:00
abstract::Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a common neurobehavioral condition that impairs functioning throughout childhood and adolescence. Evidence-based guidelines for the treatment of ADHD recommend recognizing ADHD as a chronic condition. The chronic care model for child health emphasizes the need for pro...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.10.151
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract::Hypertension is an important risk factor for stroke. The latter results in disability and premature death and represents a major public health problem. Various studies have established a strong relationship between increasing blood pressure and stroke risk, as well as clear evidence of a reduction in the incidence of ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1586/14737175.6.2.203
更新日期:2006-02-01 00:00:00
abstract::The spectrum of idiopathic inflammatory-demyelinating disorders of the CNS is classified based on clinical symptoms and signs, clinical severity, lesion distribution, neuroimaging features and cerebrospinal fluid characteristics. There is a wide variety of conditions in this broad spectrum. In some cases, the dissemin...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.11.6
更新日期:2011-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Translation of the analgesic efficacy of investigational neurotherapeutics from pre-clinical pain models into clinical trial phases is associated with a high risk of failure. Application of human pain biomarkers in early stages of clinical trials can potentially enhance the rate of successful translation, which would ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.884925
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Sumatriptan subcutaneous administration is the fastest and most effective of the triptans for relief of acute migraine headache. This occurs even when the patient has already developed symptoms related to central sensitization, a key parameter in determining the effectiveness of these agents. In patients whose migrain...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/ern.11.41
更新日期:2011-04-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Neuromodulation techniques play an increasing role in the treatment of primary headaches. While initially reserved for refractory cases they are now increasingly taken into consideration in earlier treatment phases and in non-refractory situations. One of the main reasons for this paradigm shift is that mo...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2019.1585243
更新日期:2019-03-01 00:00:00
abstract::Seizures are often the presenting symptoms of a cerebral tumor and may precede its diagnosis by many years. The article under evaluation searched two large English registries for patients admitted for new-onset epilepsy. The risk of subsequently being diagnosed with a malignant brain tumor was found to be 26-fold high...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 评论,杂志文章
doi:10.1586/ern.11.80
更新日期:2011-08-01 00:00:00
abstract::Intraoral splints are effective in migraine prevention. In this review, changes in the quality of life of migraineurs treated with a palatal nonoccluding splint were measured. Using the Migraine Specific Quality of Life Instrument (Version 2.1), it was found that the palatal nonoccluding splint significantly improved ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.5.3.371
更新日期:2005-05-01 00:00:00
abstract::Management issues for patients with brain tumors include peritumoral edema, symptomatic seizures, venous thromboembolism, headache, pain, fatigue and neuropsychological complaints. Vasogenic edema is typically ameliorated with the lowest dose possible of corticosteroid. Seizures are managed with attention to additiona...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.7.10.1327
更新日期:2007-10-01 00:00:00
abstract:INTRODUCTION:Multiple Sclerosis is a chronic inflammatory demyelinating disease that affects 2.5 million people in the world. NEDA (No evidence of disease Activity) -4 is a new concept related to absence of disease activity in the context of MS. It takes into account the following four parameters: relapses; disability ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1080/14737175.2016.1202763
更新日期:2016-11-01 00:00:00
abstract::Millions of people worldwide suffer from diseases that result from a failure of central pathways to regulate behavioral and physiological processes. Advances in genetics and pharmacology have already allowed us to appreciate that rather than this dysregulation being systemic throughout the brain, it is usually rooted ...
journal_title:Expert review of neurotherapeutics
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
doi:10.1586/14737175.2014.948850
更新日期:2014-09-01 00:00:00