Abstract:
:This paper reviews the existing literature on human exposure to polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs), with particular focus on external exposure routes (e.g. dust, diet, and air) and the resulting internal exposure to PBDEs (e.g. breast milk and blood). Being lipophilic and persistent organic compounds, PBDEs accumulate in lipid-rich tissues. Consequently, food items like fish from high trophic levels or lipid-rich oils have been found to contain relatively high concentrations of PBDEs, thus presenting an important exposure pathway to humans. The presence of PBDEs in various products of everyday use may lead to some additional exposure in the home environment. Dust seem to be an aggregate of the indoor source, and the ingestion of dust conveys the highest intake of BDE-209 of all sources, possibly also of other PBDE congeners. The PBDE exposure through dust is significant for toddlers who ingest more dust than adults. Infants are also exposed to PBDEs via breast milk. Internal human exposure has generally been found to be one order of magnitude larger in North America than in Europe and Asia. These differences cannot solely be explained by the dietary intake as meat products are the only food group where some differences has been observed. However, indoor air and dust concentrations have been found to be approximately one order of magnitude higher in North America than in Europe, possibly a result of different fire safety standards. Within Europe, higher PBDE concentrations in dust were found in the UK than in continental Europe. Recent studies have shown that BDE-209 also accumulates in humans. A shift in congener composition from maternal to umbilical cord blood has been observed in several cases. A shift has also been observed for BDE-209, which is present in larger ratios in umbilical cord blood and in particular in placenta than in maternal blood.
journal_name
Int J Hyg Environ Healthauthors
Frederiksen M,Vorkamp K,Thomsen M,Knudsen LEdoi
10.1016/j.ijheh.2008.04.005subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2009-03-01 00:00:00pages
109-34issue
2eissn
1438-4639issn
1618-131Xpii
S1438-4639(08)00028-Xjournal_volume
212pub_type
杂志文章,评审abstract:BACKGROUND:The International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) has recently classified glyphosate as a Group 2A 'probably carcinogenic to humans'. Due to this carcinogenic classification and resulting international debate, there is an increased demand for studies evaluating human health effects from glyphosate expos...
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2009-01-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2002-05-01 00:00:00
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pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2017-11-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2006-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.014
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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更新日期:2004-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2014-04-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2007.08.001
更新日期:2008-07-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.09.011
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2013.07.013
更新日期:2014-03-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
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更新日期:2020-05-01 00:00:00
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journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章,评审
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更新日期:2007-12-01 00:00:00
abstract::This manuscript presents highlights of recent studies and perspectives from the French human biomonitoring (HBM) programme. Until recently, HBM studies focused on specific populations or pollutants to gain a better understanding of exposure to environmental chemicals, to help regulators reduce environmental exposure a...
journal_title:International journal of hygiene and environmental health
pub_type: 杂志文章
doi:10.1016/j.ijheh.2011.08.008
更新日期:2012-02-01 00:00:00