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Human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reconstitution in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and immune control of viral infection.

Abstract：

BACKGROUND:Human cytomegalovirus infection is the most frequent viral complication in patients undergoing hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. We investigated the development of human cytomegalovirus-specific T cells in adult recipients of hematopoietic stem cell transplants. DESIGN AND METHODS:From May 2003 through October 2006 a total of 45 patients were monitored for human cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell reconstitution. Human cytomegalovirus-infected autologous dendritic cells were used as a stimulus to detect interferon-gamma-producing human cytomegalovirus-specific CD8(+) and CD4(+) T cells during the first year after transplantation. Interleukin-2 production by specific T cells was also determined. RESULTS:Human cytomegalovirus infection was detected in the blood of 39/45 patients at a median of 29 days after transplantation. Human cytomegalovirus-specific T-cell reconstitution followed reactivation of latent human cytomegalovirus infection at a median time of about 2 months after transplantation. Only donor human cytomegalovirus-seronegativity and bone marrow as a stem cell source were found to delay specific T-cell reconstitution significantly. Levels of three CD8(+) and one CD4(+) human cytomegalovirus-specific T-cells/microL blood had a positive predictive value of around 80% for identifying patients able to control human cytomegalovirus infection spontaneously. Five patients who received high doses of steroids for treatment of graft-versus-host disease developed human cytomegalovirus infection requiring pre-emptive treatment despite high levels of interferon-gamma-producing T cells in response to human cytomegalovirus. Specific interleukin-2 production was not detected in patients with human cytomegalovirus infection requiring treatment, while 90% of patients who spontaneously controlled human cytomegalovirus infection had T cells that produced interleukin-2 and interferon-gamma. CONCLUSIONS:Pre-transplant human cytomegalovirus infection of the recipient is a major factor driving human cytomegalovirus-specific immune reconstitution. Control of human cytomegalovirus infection likely requires the presence of both interferon-gamma and interleukin-2 producing T cells. Corticosteroid treatment may favor active viral replication even in patients with specific T cells.

journal_name

Haematologica

journal_title

Haematologica

authors

Lilleri D,Fornara C,Chiesa A,Caldera D,Alessandrino EP,Gerna G

doi

10.3324/haematol.11912

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2008-02-01 00:00:00

pages

248-56

issue

eissn

0390-6078

issn

1592-8721

pii

93/2/248

journal_volume

pub_type

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Human cytomegalovirus-specific CD4+ and CD8+ T-cell reconstitution in adult allogeneic hematopoietic stem cell transplant recipients and immune control of viral infection.