Abstract：
:When cultured astroglia are treated with agents that elevate intracellular cyclic AMP, they become process-bearing stellate cells and resemble differentiated astrocytes in vivo. Thrombin rapidly reversed the stellation induced by dibutyryl cyclic AMP, forskolin, or isoproterenol in cultured rat astrocytes; half-maximal and maximal effects occurred at 0.5 and 8 pM, respectively. The proteolytic activity of thrombin was required for stellation reversal, as thrombin derivatized at its catalytic site serine with a diisopropylphospho group was inactive. Two thrombin inhibitors, protease nexin-1 and hirudin, blocked and reversed the effect of thrombin. The stellation reversal effect of thrombin was specific, as 300-1,000-fold higher concentrations of other serine proteinases, including plasmin, urokinase, trypsin, and T cell serine proteinase-1, were ineffective. Thrombin is a mitogen for astrocytes at concentrations in excess of 30 pM. Thrombin increased both cell number and ornithine decarboxylase activity, an early marker for mitogenic stimulation, in astrocyte cultures. The lowest thrombin concentrations that completely reversed astrocyte stellation, however, did not increase ornithine decarboxylase activity. Moreover, several other mitogens for astrocytes did not reverse dibutyryl cyclic AMP-induced stellation. Thus, the stellation reversal effect of thrombin is distinct from the mitogenic response.
journal_name
J Neurochemjournal_title
Journal of neurochemistryauthors
Cavanaugh KP,Gurwitz D,Cunningham DD,Bradshaw RAdoi
10.1111/j.1471-4159.1990.tb01228.xsubject
Has Abstractpub_date
1990-05-01 00:00:00pages
1735-43issue
5eissn
0022-3042issn
1471-4159journal_volume
54pub_type
杂志文章abstract：:Rat brain succinyl-CoA:3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase (3-oxo-acid CoA-transferase, EC 2.8.3.5), the first committed enzyme in the oxidation of ketone bodies in mitochondria, was purified to apparent homogeneity as judged by polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. The enzyme has an apparent molecular weight of 90,000 as determ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1982.tb07924.x
更新日期：1982-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Alzheimer's disease (AD) is marked by the presence of neurofibrillary tangles and amyloid plaques in the brain of patients. To study plaque formation, we report on further quantitative and qualitative analysis of human and mouse amyloid beta peptides (Abeta) from brain extracts of transgenic mice overexpressing the Lo...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01556.x
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In the sympatho-adrenal system, angiotensin II (Ang II) acts as a key neuromodulatory component. At sympathetic nerve terminals, Ang II influences sympathetic transmission by enhancing norepinephrine (NE) synthesis, facilitating NE release and inhibiting NE uptake. Previously, it was demonstrated that tyrosine hydroxy...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14821
更新日期：2019-09-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Brain inflammation includes microglial activation and enhanced production of diffusible chemical mediators, including prostaglandin E2. Prostaglandin E2 is generally considered a proinflammatory molecule, but it also promotes neuronal survival and down-regulates some aspects of microglial activation. It remains unknow...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.1998.70062357.x
更新日期：1998-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The transport kinetics of gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA), taurine, and beta-alanine in addition to the mutual inhibition patterns of these compounds were investigated in cultures of neurons and astrocytes derived from mouse cerebral cortex. A high-affinity uptake system for each amino acid was demonstrated both in neu...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1986.tb04519.x
更新日期：1986-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The motor signs of Parkinson's disease have been partly attributed to an overinhibition of the external globus pallidus (GP) that results from hyperactivity of striatopallidal GABA/enkephalinergic neurons. The goals of this study were to measure basal levels of extracellular fluid GABA in the GP of normal cats, 1-meth...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01010.x
更新日期：2002-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Lewy body disease (LBD) development is enhanced by mutations in the GBA gene coding for glucocerebrosidase (GCase). The mechanism of this association is thought to involve an abnormal lysosomal system and we therefore sought to evaluate if lysosomal changes contribute to the pathogenesis of idiopathic LBD. Analysis of...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07879.x
更新日期：2012-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Oxidative stress has been implicated in mechanisms leading to neuronal cell injury in various pathological states of the brain. Here, we investigated the effect of peroxide exposure on the expression of genes coding for cytoplasmic and endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress proteins. Primary neuronal cell cultures were exp...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2001.00206.x
更新日期：2001-03-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The distribution of cerebellar gangliosides was studied in staggerer (sg/sg) mutant mice, where the majority of granule cells die after completing their migration across the molecular layer. In addition, the external granule cell layer in sg/sg mice persists longer than in normal mice. Moreover, in the sg/sg cerebellu...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb12856.x
更新日期：1984-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Sex differences were investigated in cholinergic neurons of the septal-diagonal band region of adult rats subjected to neonatal treatment with 3,3',5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3). Neonatal hyperthyroidism resulted in a 44% increase in specific activity of choline acetyltransferase (ChAT; EC 2.3.1.6) in adult male rat sept...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02570.x
更新日期：1991-01-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Apoptotic cell death has been proposed to play a role in the neuronal loss observed following traumatic injury in the CNS and PNS. The present study uses an in vitro tissue culture model to investigate whether free fatty acids (FFAs), at concentrations comparable to those found following traumatic brain injury, trigge...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2003.01571.x
更新日期：2003-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of manipulating the activity of central 5-hydroxytryptamine (5-HT) neurones on extracellular 5-HT in ventral hippocampus of the chloral hydrate-anaesthetized rat was studied using the brain perfusion method, microdialysis. Basal levels of 5-HT in the dialysates were close to the detection limits of our assa...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb07319.x
更新日期：1989-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Neuronal differentiation requires exquisitely timed cell cycle arrest for progenitors to acquire an appropriate neuronal cell fate and is achieved by communication between soluble signals, such as growth factors and extracellular matrix molecules. Here we report that the expression of TIMP-2, a matrix metalloproteinas...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2006.03855.x
更新日期：2006-07-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Transcriptional responses to growth factor and G protein-coupled receptors were compared in PC12 cells using retroviral luciferase reporters. In cells stably expressing alpha(1A)-adrenergic receptors, norepinephrine activated all five reporters [AP1 (activator protein-1), SRE (serum response element), CRE (cyclic AMP ...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2000.0742392.x
更新日期：2000-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Deep hypothermia protects the brain from ischemic damage and is therefore used during major cardiovascular surgeries requiring cardiopulmonary bypass and a period of circulatory arrest. Here, we demonstrated that small ubiquitin-like modifier (SUMO1-3) conjugation is markedly activated in the brain during deep to mode...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2012.07916.x
更新日期：2012-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Nanomolar β-amyloid peptide (Aβ) can induce neuronal loss in culture by activating microglia to phagocytose neurons. We report here that this neuronal loss is mediated by the bridging protein lactadherin/milk-fat globule epidermal growth factor-like factor 8 (MFG-E8), which is released by Aβ-activated microglia, binds...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12288
更新日期：2013-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The purpose of the present study was to clarify the expression, transport properties and regulation of ATP-binding cassette G2 (ABCG2) transporter at the rat blood-brain barrier (BBB). The rat homologue of ABCG2 (rABCG2) was cloned from rat brain capillary fraction. In rABCG2-transfected HEK293 cells, rABCG2 was detec...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2004.02537.x
更新日期：2004-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Excitotoxicity, caused by exaggerated neuronal stimulation by Glutamate (Glu), is a major cause of neurodegeneration in brain ischemia. While we know that neurodegeneration is triggered by overstimulation of Glu-receptors (GluRs), the subsequent mechanisms that lead to cellular demise remain controversial. Surprisingl...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.14629
更新日期：2019-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:125I-Porcine brain natriuretic peptide (125I-pBNP) bound to mouse astrocytes in primary culture in a time-dependent manner (t1/2 = 4.5 min), similar to 125I-human atrial natriuretic peptide (125I-hANP) (t1/2 = 5 min). Binding was saturable and reached equilibrium after 90 min at 22 degrees C for both radioligands. Sca...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1991.tb02068.x
更新日期：1991-05-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Multiple molecular defects trigger cell death in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). Among these, altered transcriptional activity may perturb many cellular functions, leading to a cascade of secondary pathological effects. We showed that pharmacological treatment, using the histone deacetylase inhibitor sodium pheny...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2005.03077.x
更新日期：2005-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In slices of young rat cerebellum, the glutamate analogue kainate induced a large accumulation of cyclic GMP, which was inhibited by non-N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonists. Quisqualate and alpha-amino-3-hydroxy-5-methyl-4-isoxazolepropionate evoked only small cyclic GMP responses and inhibited the effect of kainate. Whe...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1989.tb09266.x
更新日期：1989-12-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Microtubule-associated proteins (MAPs) were phosphorylated by a Ca2+- and calmodulin-dependent protein kinase from rat brain cytosol. The maximal amount of phosphate incorporated into MAPs was 25 nmol of phosphate/mg protein. A Ka value of the enzyme for calmodulin was 57.0 nM, with MAPs as substrates. Among MAPs, MAP...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb09060.x
更新日期：1983-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The effect of the glutamine synthetase (GS) inhibitor, methionine sulfoximine (MSO), on glutamate levels in, and glutamate release from, rat striatal tissue was examined. Tissue levels of glutamate were unchanged 24 h after an intraventricular injection of MSO, but tissue glutamine levels were decreased 50%. Calcium-d...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1984.tb05406.x
更新日期：1984-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:The [14C]deoxyglucose [Sokoloff et al., J. Neurochem. 28, 897-916 (1977)] and [6-14C]glucose [Hawkins et al., Am. J. Physiol. 248, C170-C176 (1985)] quantitative autoradiographic methods were used to measure regional brain glucose utilization in awake rats. The spatial resolution and qualitative appearance of the auto...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb01028.x
更新日期：1987-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Temporal carbohydrate expression patterns at cell surfaces are thought to be of crucial regulatory significance during developmental processes. Hitherto, however, data on individual membrane proteins undergoing development-associated changes in glycosylation are sparsely. Here, we show that the two natriuretic peptide...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.2010.06985.x
更新日期：2010-11-01 00:00:00
abstract：:Two semisynthetic acetyl derivatives of the alkaloid sauroine from Huperzia saururus, monoacetyl sauroine, and diacetyl sauroine (DAS) were obtained and their chemical structures were analyzed by NMR. While monoacetyl sauroine is the typical product of acetylation, DAS is an unexpected derivative related to the keto-e...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/jnc.12685
更新日期：2014-06-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A method has been developed for the simultaneous in vivo measurement of local rates for methionine incorporation into cerebral protein in the rat. It is based on the use of L-[35S]methionine as a tracer for reflecting the bidirectional exchange of methionine between plasma and brain and its incorporation into cerebral...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1987.tb04101.x
更新日期：1987-02-01 00:00:00
abstract：:A mitochondrial fraction, purified from pig brain, was found to contain associated polypeptides with the same electrophoretic migration and isoelectric points as the alpha- and beta-tubulin subunits present in brain microtubules. When analyzed by Western blotting these polypeptides reacted specifically with purified t...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1985.tb04015.x
更新日期：1985-08-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In heterologous expression systems, dopamine transporter (DAT) cell-surface localization is reduced after relatively prolonged exposure to d-amphetamine (AMPH) or dopamine (DA), suggesting a role for substrate-mediated regulation of transporter function. Here, we investigated whether brief, repeated periods of substra...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1046/j.1471-4159.2002.01133.x
更新日期：2002-10-01 00:00:00
abstract：:In one 21-week-old fetus with prenatally diagnosed metachromatic leukodystrophy, galactolipid contents were determined in the forebrain cortex, cerebellum, brainstem, spinal cord, and kidney and compared to an appropriate control. Spinal cord and kidney showed the highest sulfatide accumulation as a consequence of def...
journal_title：Journal of neurochemistry
pub_type： 杂志文章
doi：10.1111/j.1471-4159.1983.tb00892.x
更新日期：1983-12-01 00:00:00
