Courteous service: Its assessment and modification in a human service organization.

abstract：:This study evaluated an indirect method of training 45 institutional direct care staff to conduct behavioral programs. Three supervisors were trained to improve teaching behaviors (instructions, prompts, and consequence) used by the direct care staff while working with severely and profoundly handicapped residents. In...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Page TJ,Iwata BA,Reid DH

更新日期：1982-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to examine the effects of a sequence of three single-digit (1 digit x 1 digit) multiplication problems on the latency to initiate multiple-digit (3 digit x 3 digit) multiplication problems for 2 students in an alternative education school. Data showed that (a) during the preference assess...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Belfiore PJ,Lee DL,Vargas AU,Skinner CH

更新日期：1997-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In urban high-density areas, litter has become an increasingly obvious and pervasive problem. In the present study, repeated measures of the amount of litter on randomly selected yards in an urban low-income housing project were used to evaluate the effectiveness of a series of anti-litter procedures directed at the c...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Chapman C,Risley TR

更新日期：1974-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Excessive motion makes magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extremely challenging among children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD). The medical risks of sedation establish the need for behavioral interventions to promote motion control among children with ASD undergoing MRI scans. We present a series of experiments aime...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Cox AD,Virues-Ortega J,Julio F,Martin TL

更新日期：2017-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:In this essay, we note that although Iwata, Dorsey, Slifer, Bauman, and Richman (1982) established the standard framework for conducting functional analyses of problem behavior, the term functional analysis was probably first used in behavior analysis by B. F. Skinner in 1948. We also remind readers that a functional ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Schlinger HD Jr,Normand MP

更新日期：2013-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Despite its advantages, discrete-trial instruction (DTI) has been criticized for producing rote responding. Although there is little research supporting this claim, if true, this may be problematic given the propensity of children with autism to engage in restricted and repetitive behavior. One feature that is common ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Peterson SP,Rodriguez NM,Pawich TL

更新日期：2019-05-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study investigated the relation between prevocational preference, as measured by the client's selection of a task object, and the work that followed that choice. After selecting a task object, the clients worked a task previously assessed to be more or less preferred than the one indicated by the object. The resu...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Mithaug DE,Mar DK

更新日期：1980-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Language training procedures, which involved positive reinforcement for verbal imitation, were applied to increase the appropriate verbal behavior of an almost non-verbal, brain damaged, 5-yr-old boy. Two experiments assessed the effectiveness of timeout from positive reinforcement as a training procedure viewed as ha...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： McReynolds LV

更新日期：1969-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The purpose of this study was to compare two methods designed to produce tic reduction in 4 children with Tourette's syndrome. Specifically, a verbal instruction not to engage in tics was compared to a verbal instruction plus differential reinforcement of zero-rate behavior (DRO). Results showed that the DRO-enhanced ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Woods DW,Himle MB

更新日期：2004-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The present experiment sought to develop a practical and effective method for teaching the beginning elements of hand-writing in a Head Start program. The method consisted of reinforcing responses to a writing program by giving the children access to a variety of activities normally available in the pre-school classro...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Miller LK,Schneider R

更新日期：1970-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A single-subject ABA reversal design was applied to evaluate the effectiveness of a limited 8-s safety belt reminder system and two modified reminder systems (a delayed and second reminder) to increase the safety belt use of 13 drivers. The research was conducted with a specially equipped research vehicle that permitt...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Berry TD,Geller ES

更新日期：1991-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of an instructional package on public-speaking behaviors was analyzed in two experiments. The instructional package was designed to teach public-speaking trainees to look at the audience, make gestures, and perform a number of speaking behaviors. The results of Experiment I, with a university student servin...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Fawcett SB,Miller LK

更新日期：1975-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The functional control of problem behavior is generally conceptualized as involving attention, escape, sensory reinforcement, and tangible factors. Our analytic tools have now reached a level of sophistication that makes possible consideration of several new, emerging themes in the area of functional analysis. First, ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Carr EG

更新日期：1994-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study examined the effects of variant versus invariant high-probability (high-p) request sequences on the performance of requests to initiate a social bid by young children with emotional-behavioral disorders. In the initial phases of the investigation, a multiple baseline design showed that the delivery of invar...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Davis CA,Reichle J

更新日期：1996-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We investigated the efficacy of pictorial self-management to teach daily living skills to 3 low-functioning children with autism. Stimulus and response generalization, stimulus control of self-management materials, and maintenance of behavior change were also assessed. Results showed that children with autism could su...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Pierce KL,Schreibman L

更新日期：1994-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effects of choice and no choice of reinforcer on the response rates of 3 children with autism were compared across single-operant and concurrent-schedule procedures. No consistent differences in responding between choice and no-choice components emerged during single-operant phases. During the concurrent-schedule ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Geckeler AS,Libby ME,Graff RB,Ahearn WH

更新日期：2000-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Impulsivity and self-control involve a choice between a smaller, more immediate reinforcer and a larger, more delayed reinforcer. Impulsive behavior occurs when responding produces the more immediate, relatively smaller reinforcers at the expense of delayed larger reinforcers. Self-control occurs when responding produ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Vollmer TR,Borrero JC,Lalli JS,Daniel D

更新日期：1999-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:An attempt was made to vary systematically the behavior of two elementary school teachers to determine the effects on classroom behavior of Rules, Ignoring Inappropriate Behaviors, and showing Approval for Appropriate Behavior. Behaviors of two children in one class and one child in the other class were recorded by ob...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Madsen CH,Becker WC,Thomas DR

更新日期：1968-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:This study provided six behaviorally handicapped elementary school students with a short-term resource treatment to bring their behavior under the control of a combination of treatment procedures emphasizing self-evaluation. Once acceptable levels of appropriate behavior were maintained with only minimal external rein...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Rhode G,Morgan DP,Young KR

更新日期：1983-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:A choice assessment has been found to be a more accurate method of identifying preferences than is single-item presentation. However, it is not clear whether the effectiveness of reinforcement varies positively with the degree of preference (i.e., whether the relative preference based on the results of a choice assess...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Piazza CC,Fisher WW,Hagopian LP,Bowman LG,Toole L

更新日期：1996-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The effect of using teachers as behavioral observers on both student and teacher behavior was examined with eight teachers and 32 elementary school children. The frequency of prompts (but not praise or criticism) to those students observed by the teacher increased significantly from nonobserver to teacher observed exp...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Hay LR,Nelson RO,Hay WM

更新日期：1977-07-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We examined the effectiveness of functional communication training (FCT) in reducing self-injurious behavior (SIB) and in shaping an alternative (communicative) response while SIB continued to be reinforced. Following a functional analysis of 3 individuals' SIB, we attempted to teach an alternative response consisting...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Shirley MJ,Iwata BA,Kahng SW,Mazaleski JL,Lerman DC

更新日期：1997-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The generality of the findings reported by DeLeon, Iwata, and Roscoe (1997) was examined by conducting two stimulus-choice preference assessments, the second of which evaluated low-ranked items from the initial assessment. Results for the 2 participants suggested that supplementary assessments of low-ranked items may ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Taravella CC,Lerman DC,Contrucci SA,Roane HS

更新日期：2000-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Two adults with mental retardation demonstrated the recombination of within-syllable units (onsets and rimes) using a spoken-to-printed-word matching-to-sample (MTS) procedure. Further testing with 1 participant showed comprehension of the printed words. Printed-word naming was minimal before, but greater after, compr...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Saunders KJ,O'Donnell J,Vaidya M,Williams DC

更新日期：2003-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Fixed momentary schedules of differential reinforcement of other behavior (FM DRO) generally have been ineffective as treatment for problem behavior. Because most early research on FM DRO included presentation of a signal at the end of the DRO interval, it is unclear whether the limited effects of FM DRO were due to (...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Hammond JL,Iwata BA,Fritz JN,Dempsey CM

更新日期：2011-04-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Using audiotaped descriptions of sexual experiences and a direct measure of penile erection, it is possible to specify more precisely erotic cues in sexual deviates. Results indicated that such cues are highly idiosyncratic. Some tentative conclusions and suggested application for the method are discussed. ...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Abel GG,Blanchard EB,Barlow DH,Mavissakalian M

更新日期：1975-10-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The field of behavioral economics combines concepts from economics and operant conditioning to examine the influence of schedules or price on preference for reinforcers. Three case studies are reported in which behavioral economic analyses were used to assess relative preference for reinforcers shown by people with in...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Tustin RD

更新日期：1994-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:The nature of smoking risk is first reviewed and a classification of procedures for assessing smoking behavior is presented. Areas requiring assessment include not only the traditionally measured smoking rate, but also the substance used and topography of consumption. Each of these areas may be assessed through a vari...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Frederiksen LW,Martin JE,Webster JS

更新日期：1979-01-01 00:00:00

abstract：:We reanalyzed published studies that reported functional analyses conducted in the presence and absence of medication. In Analysis 1, we assessed the overall effect of psychotropic medication on problem behavior. Medication had a reductive effect in 29 of the 37 sets of functional analyses reviewed. The magnitude of t...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Cox AD,Virues-Ortega J

更新日期：2016-03-01 00:00:00

abstract：:Research suggests that inexperienced individuals cannot accurately implement stimulus preference assessments given written instructions alone. Training that includes written instructions supplemented with feedback from a professional with expertise in conducting preference assessments has proven effective; unfortunate...

journal_title：Journal of applied behavior analysis

authors： Graff RB,Karsten AM

更新日期：2012-04-01 00:00:00