A bacterium belonging to the Rickettsiaceae family inhabits the cytoplasm of the marine ciliate Diophrys appendiculata (Ciliophora, Hypotrichia).

Abstract:

:Bacteria of the family Rickettsiaceae (order Rickettsiales, alpha-Proteobacteria) are mainly known to be endosymbionts of arthropods with the capability to infect also vertebrate cells. Recently, they have also been found as leech endocytobionts. In the present paper, we report the first finding of a bacterium belonging to the family Rickettsiaceae in a natural population of a marine ciliate protozoan, namely Diophrys appendiculata, collected in the Baltic Sea. Bacteria were unambiguously identified through morphological characterization and the "full-cycle rRNA approach" (i.e., 16S rRNA gene characterization and use of specifically designed oligonucleotide probes for in situ detection). Symbionts are rod-shaped bacteria that grow freely in the cytoplasm of the host cell. They present two different morphotypes, similar in size, but different in cytoplasmic density. These are typical morphological features of members of the family Rickettsiaceae. 16S rRNA gene sequence showed that Diophrys symbionts share a high similarity value (>92%) with bacteria belonging to the genus Rickettsia. Phylogenetic analysis revealed that these new endosymbionts are clearly included in the clade of the family Rickettsiaceae, but they occupy an independent phylogenetic position with respect to members of the genus Rickettsia. This is the first report of a member of this family from a host protozoan and from a marine habitat. This result shows that this bacterial group is more diversified and widespread than supposed so far, and that its ecological relevance could until now have been underestimated. In light of these considerations, the two 16S rRNA oligonucleotide probes here presented, specific for members of the Rickettsiaceae, can represent useful tools for further researches on the presence and the spread of these microorganisms in the natural environment.

journal_name

Microb Ecol

journal_title

Microbial ecology

authors

Vannini C,Petroni G,Verni F,Rosati G

doi

10.1007/s00248-004-0055-1

keywords:

subject

Has Abstract

pub_date

2005-04-01 00:00:00

pages

434-42

issue

3

eissn

0095-3628

issn

1432-184X

journal_volume

49

pub_type

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