Abstract:
STUDY DESIGN:Prospective study of the sagittal plane alignment of the spine and pelvis in the normal pediatric population. OBJECTIVES:To document the sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis and its change during growth in the normal pediatric population. SUMMARY OF BACKGROUND DATA:Pelvic morphology as well as sagittal alignment of the spine and pelvis in the pediatric population are poorly defined in the literature. METHODS:Five parameters were evaluated on lateral standing radiographs of 180 normal study participants 4 to 18 years of age: thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence. Statistical analysis was performed using two-tailed Student t tests and Pearson's coefficients (level of significance = 0.01). RESULTS:The mean thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, sacral slope, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence values were 43.0 degrees, 48.5 degrees, 41.2 degrees, 7.2 degrees and 48.4 degrees, respectively. There was no significant difference between males and females. Thoracic kyphosis, lumbar lordosis, pelvic tilt, and pelvic incidence were found to be weakly correlated with age, while sacral slope remained stable with growth. CONCLUSIONS:Pelvic morphology, as measured by the pelvic incidence angle, tends to increase during childhood and adolescence before stabilizing into adulthood, most likely to maintain an adequate sagittal balance in view of the physiologic and morphologic changes occurring during growth. Pelvic tilt and lumbar lordosis, two position-dependent parameters, also react by increasing with age, most likely to avoid inadequate anterior displacement of the body center of gravity. Sacral slope is achieved with the standing posture and is not further significantly influenced by age. These results are important to establish baseline values for these measurements in the pediatric population, in view of the reported association between pelvic morphology and the development of various spinal disorders such as spondylolisthesis and scoliosis.
journal_name
Spine (Phila Pa 1976)journal_title
Spineauthors
Mac-Thiong JM,Berthonnaud E,Dimar JR 2nd,Betz RR,Labelle Hdoi
10.1097/01.brs.0000132312.78469.7bkeywords:
subject
Has Abstractpub_date
2004-08-01 00:00:00pages
1642-7issue
15eissn
0362-2436issn
1528-1159pii
00007632-200408010-00012journal_volume
29pub_type
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